...and prejudice to name a few. This paper will highlight a few of the terminologies and theories in this discipline also give overview to some of these afore mentioned topics. Starting with the terminology used in social psychology we look at the concept of self, it is stated in the text Introduction to Social Psychology self-concept “is the collection of things you know about yourself—such as your overall cognitive understanding (learned beliefs, attitudes, and opinions) about yourself” (Feenstra, 2011). Looking at this statement, it can be determined that the ideas learned throughout life about one’s self is a product self-concept. Self schema is what is understood and gathered from self-concept. Text defines self-schema as “organizing this information, affecting how we view the world and takes in information” (Feenstra, 2011). What are gathered from a person as far as the sports they may play, going to church and time spent with my family are all things that can attribute to ones self-concept. Self-efficacy would be the evaluation of our learned abilities to perform those particular tasks. Overall this can attribute to self-esteem which is how we see the qualities and abilities associated with ourselves. Culture as it pertains to development of the self-concept; can be a bit confusing, because the description of both independent and interdependent cultures can both fit into ones...
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...Learning that Jungian Test classified my personality, as ‘ESTJ’ was probably the most interesting thing, I’ve learned thus far. Its very intriguing to read about other personalities, let alone my own. I even had my husband take the test! The description of ESTJ personality fits me like a glove. I’ve never really noticed, but I do find myself being strict to traditions and laws, and having a clear set of standards and beliefs. I expect the same of others, and I tend to find that I have no patience or understanding of individuals who do not have the same morals and standards. ESTJ personality also describes me as a social person who has a clear vision of the way things should be, and being very aggressive, typically taking leadership. I’m often told I work a crowd well and I’m always the first person to suggest a decision and go with it. My ESTJ personality type seems to coincide well with the Locus of Control results. Finding out that I have a moderate internal locus of control, and taking control of the events that affect me in my day-to-day activities. Also, I learned just how productive I can and cannot be, coinciding with how stressed I actually am. I believe you never fully realize what stage of stress you were actually at until it’s either over, or someone sits down and points it out to you. I am very productive, I tend to multitask a lot, solely because I am always pressed for time, and stressed to the max. I feel as if I cannot function properly unless I have an over...
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...My personal challenge with pessimistic and procrastinating habits In the lecture, we discussed about the pessimistic explanatory style and optimistic explanatory style. These two distinct explanatory styles led completely different form of results in terms of individual performances; the discussion of these explanatory styles was previously proven with various stunning statistics. In 1987, Kamen and Seligman studied on predicted grade point average for the University of Pennsylvania freshmen. Students with overachieving explanatory style have gotten greater grade point average than those of students with underachieving explanatory style (Kamen and Seligman, presented in lecture). Intrigued by the information, I investigated my own problematic explanatory style and related negative results. I hope to identify my own behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and changes in both psychological and neurological perspectives. As my graduation-time comes closer, I had to make a big decision of my life. It was my life changing decision of whether I stay in the United States or go back in my home country. Frankly, I have already made a decision to go back to South Korea a while ago. Yet, I was often confused and nervous about the decision that I have made because of my explanatory style. Since I do not have a plan other than preparing for a graduate school from the moment I leave the school, I know it would be better for me to have optimistic beliefs constantly reminding myself, “I will be okay...
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...I have always been a capable communicator when it comes to my work but when it comes to my personal life I am not so good. The approach I use at work being straight forward and to the point is not so good at home when communicating with my wife. She tells me all the time that I need to think before I say it. I am very good with employees by listing to them and communicating my instructions to get a job done. I tend to communicate with a blunt and to the point approach with a clear approach when at work. I have found that employees want to know what the message is and not to beat around the bush. When being direct all the time it is hard to switch that off when you’re at home. When it comes to e-mails I have made an effort to soften my tone and choose of words. I have tried to step back and ask myself if I would get upset if someone sent me that e-mail. I do not send e-mails when I am upset if I do have to send a tough e-mail I will write the e-mail and set on it for a while and come back to it before hitting send. Problem-Solving Skills: Score 56 This assessment surprised me; I have always felt I have been confident in my problem solving skills. When I was a production manager I was able to resolve an issue quickly and with good results. You learn in the automotive industry you have to be quick on your feet when there are issues. You have to act now or production lines stop. That would be a reason I tend to jump to solutions. I have taken a field assignment with my company...
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...Wellbeing Introduction The literature provided for this assignment will critically explore the relevance and the application of the concept of wellbeing within my organisational setting. My organisational setting is a Further Education College based in Cardiff, South Wales. My role in this institution is to deliver education and training in the vocational trade of plastering. Cardiff is now a diverse and multicultural city and many of the students that attend our college evolve from different social, economic and religious backgrounds as well as having variable capabilities. As a provider of education and training, it is important that we implement policies and procedures that meet the needs of the community by promoting inclusion and addressing inequalities. Every student is treated as an individual and we strive to eliminate discrimination and overcome the disadvantages that exist in society these days that have treated some groups less favourably than others. My duty as an educator is to provide my learners with a positive learning environment and to support their wellbeing by providing challenging, interactive and good quality learning experiences. Wellbeing The psychology of wellbeing has been studied since the times of Aristotle, for two millennia, man has sought the highest good for himself, happiness. The notion of happiness remains vague and multifarious, yet every human being searches for it. However, how to define and obtain happiness has and continues to be a...
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...Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1978, Vol. 87, No. 1, 49-74 Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation Lyn Y. Abramson and Martin E. P. Seligman University of Pennsylvania John D. Teasdale Oxford University, England The learned helplessness hypothesis is criticized and reformulated. The old hypothesis, when applied to learned helplessness in humans, has two major problems: (a) It does not distinguish between cases in which outcomes are uncontrollable for all people and cases in which they are uncontrollable only for some people (univervsal vs. personal helplessness), and (b) it does not explain when helplessness is general and when specific, or when chronic and when acute. A reformulation based on a revision of attribution theory is proposed to resolve these inadequacies. According to the reformulation, once people perceive noncontingency, they attribute their helplessness to a cause. This cause can be stable or unstable, global or specific, and internal or external. The attribution chosen influences whether expectation of future helplessness will be chronic or acute, broad or narrow, and whether helplessness will lower self-esteem or not. The implications of this reformulation of human helplessness for the learned helplessness model of depression are outlined. Over the past 10 years a large number of experiments have shown that a variety of organisms exposed to uncontrollable events often exhibit subsequent disruption of behavior (see Maier & Seligman...
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...PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN OL-125-X5648 Samantha Calhoun Professor Castleberry June 16, 2014 Over the course of my study, I have learned and experienced many different milestones that I could use in my life. Throughout the course, I have completed three different milestones. My paper will be divided into four major sections, all of which I will describe briefly on what I learned. Section one, also milestone one, of my paper will be where I first began to set my vision for the course. In this section, I will bring in information I have gleaned from the self-assessments that I completed in this milestone. In section two, also milestone two, I will briefly explain and present my work from the SWOT analysis. In section three, also milestone three, I will present my work from my PEST analysis and briefly explain what I learned from the analysis. Section four of my paper, which is milestone four, I will create a chart showing three practical goals I developed during the course. Also in this section, I will briefly explain whether the overall plan benefited me and also what I learned about myself. Over the course of my study, I have learned many things about myself that I did not know anything about. The course helped me to figure out what could benefit me. I have completed three major milestones throughput the course, all of which I have gained some kind of knowledge about. The first milestone I completed was basically self-assessments reflecting...
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...Personal Development Plan Learning that Jungian Test classified my personality, as ‘ESTJ’ was probably the most interesting thing, I’ve learned thus far. Its very intriguing to read about other personalities, let alone my own. I even had my husband take the test! The description of ESTJ personality fits me like a glove. I’ve never really noticed, but I do find myself being strict to traditions and laws, and having a clear set of standards and beliefs. I expect the same of others, and I tend to find that I have no patience or understanding of individuals who do not have the same morals and standards. ESTJ personality also describes me as a social person who has a clear vision of the way things should be, and being very aggressive, typically taking leadership. I’m often told I work a crowd well and I’m always the first person to suggest a decision and go with it. My ESTJ personality type seems to coincide well with the Locus of Control results. Finding out that I have a moderate internal locus of control, and taking control of the events that affect me in my day-to-day activities. Also, I learned just how productive I can and cannot be, coinciding with how stressed I actually am. I believe you never fully realize what stage of stress you were actually at until it’s either over, or someone sits down and points it out to you. I am very productive, I tend to multitask a lot, solely because I am always pressed for time, and stressed to the max. I feel as if I cannot function...
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...Why do certain foods or smells elicit emotional responses? Every person has an emotional response to one or more particular foods. The response may be negative or positive depending on the situation that may have occurred with the food present. For instance a person may perk up while smelling coffee or someone may feel nauseated by just looking at a hamburger. These reactions are conditioned responses (CR) toward conditioned stimulus’ (CS) that were previously unconditioned. A conditioned response is a learned reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus. Before someone has the reaction to perk up from the scent of coffee, they first must go through a conditioning phase to associate coffee with feeling energetic. This is also called classical conditioning: the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response. The unconditioned stimulus is coffee and the unconditioned response is energy to wake up or perk up for the day. During each morning a person may groggily get out of bed and begin brewing coffee. He or she pours a cup and begin to awaken more from the ingested caffeine. If done on a constant basis that person will begin associating the tastes and smells of coffee (CS) with being energetic (CR); even though the effects of caffeine takes 20 minutes to begin working. Another conditioned response could be feeling nauseated at the sight or smell...
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...free of the mooring lines because of this readjustment. It hit a tanker and its propeller broke a hole in the barge. It lurched, dumped her cargo and sank. P’s cargo could have been saved if somebody was on board but the bargee was absent since the last evening. P sued D for negligence. Procedural History- Appellant sought review of the U.S. District Court’s Judgment who held them partly liable for the damages caused by the sinking of the barge as well as the cargo. The 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the decision and apportioned the damages Issue- Who is held negligent and liable to pay the damages for the loss? Judgment- Appellant was held liable for the damages as the barge was left unattended during the working hours. Judge Learned Hand separated the damages into two parts: the Collision Damages which was caused when Anna C collided with the tanker in this one half damages was put on Grace Line Inc and the other half was put on Carroll Towing Co and the Sinking Damages which was caused when Anna C and the Cargo sank in this one third damages was put on each three i.e. Carroll Towing Company, Grace Line Inc. and Conners Marine Co. Rationale- Judge Hand asserted that there is no general rule to determine when the barge owner will be liable if it breaks away the mooring line without the bargee onboard. So he laid out three factors to...
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...This court case deals with the sinking of the barge, ‘Anna C,’ which took place on January 4, 1944. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company chartered the Anna C at Conners Marine Company in the New York Harbor at Pier 52. Grace Line, Inc., the charterer of the tug, ‘Carroll,’ was sent to move a barge from the adjacent pier, from which the Anna C was tied to. In the process of moving the barge, the lines between the barges at Pier 52 and the Public Pier were removed. To get to the barge, Carroll’s crew had to adjust the line on the pier. Because the line was not properly adjusted by the crew members, some of the barges broke away from the pier. At the time of this occurrence, there were no crew members on the barge of the Anna C; therefore, no one realized the condition of the barge. The Carroll Towing Company tug negligently caused the Anna C to break free and drift down the pier, causing it to hit a tanker’s propeller, which caused a hole on the side of the Anna C. Since there were no crew members aboard the Anna C, no one noticed that it was slowly sinking. The contents of the Anna C, which was flour owned by the United States, sunk in the incident at Pier 52. If any of the crew members had realized the condition of the barge, the Anna C could have been saved, along with the contents. The sinking of the barge results of two concurrent causes, as stated in the case: a misadjusted mooring line and an unattended barge. The question of the case concerns the responsibility for the sinking...
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...Analysis for Case 2 Jensen Shoes: Lyndon Brooks’ Story Are self-evaluations being hurt? Yes. This case gives us indications that Lyndon had negative core self-evaluations which are explained below: a. Self-esteem: Although not happy with this first assignment he decided to take it up so that it helped him broaden his background and move up in job roles by showing credibility. But he could not complete all his assignments in time. He was later told by Chuck that he would be moved to Strategic Product Marketing and would be reporting to Jane Kravitz as part of reorganizing. Lyndon took this change as the effect of his under-performance and had a feeling of being demoted. This looked like it hit his self-esteem as it gave him feeling of failing in his work and now he had to report to Jane while he himself was in line management before. b. Self-efficacy: In his first project he did believe in his capabilities to take on the project, but when he could not complete it, his work was not well appreciated by Chuck and was also moved to another project. This demotivated him and let him down. He thought he had failed. When he was again assigned the same market in his 2nd project he thought he will fail again in this project and his lack of knowledge of this market will add into the issue. He now did not have confidence in his capabilities and wanted to remain in his comfort zone of line management. c. Locus of control: He seems to display external locus of control as he believed...
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...Below are key definitions (terms) & concepts from the assigned readings and lecture slides. You should be familiar with them for Exam 1. The key definitions / concepts are not intended to be an all inclusive list of what will be on the exam. I also included the pages of the chapters that will be covered on the exam. I will not ask questions from chapter pages that do not fall in the ranges listed below. I will not ask questions from the “Skills & Best Practices” & “Hands On Exercises” sections in the OB textbook. I will not ask questions from the “HR How To”, “eHRM”, “Did You Know”, “Best Practices” & “HR Oops” sections of the HR textbook. Make sure you download the post-lecture slides from Carmen On page 4 of this study guide I have provided some example questions. Remember the likely sources of exam material: • Material Found in Book & Slides (found both places) – MOST LIKELY • Material Found Only In Slides (I have placed an ASTERISK on slides with non-book content that is exam material) • Material Found Only In Book (e.g. definitions, frameworks,…) Strategy & Strategic OB: K&K Chapter 1: Definitions (key terms): contingency approach, human capital, management, organizational behavior, social capital, Theory Y, total quality management Reading: p.5-16 (just the top of 16) Key concepts Human Relations Movement Theory X, Theory Y Total Quality Management Deming’s 85-15 Rule Contingency Approach Human Capital Social Capital Congruence...
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...Analysis for Case Jensen Shoes: Lyndon Brooks’ Story Are self-evaluations being hurt? Yes. This case gives us indications that Lyndon had negative core self-evaluations which are explained below: a. Self-esteem: Although not happy with this first assignment he decided to take it up so that it helped him broaden his background and move up in job roles by showing credibility. But he could not complete all his assignments in time. He was later told by Chuck that he would be moved to Strategic Product Marketing and would be reporting to Jane Kravitz as part of reorganizing. Lyndon took this change as the effect of his under-performance and had a feeling of being demoted. This looked like it hit his self-esteem as it gave him feeling of failing in his work and now he had to report to Jane while he himself was in line management before. b. Self-efficacy: In his first project he did believe in his capabilities to take on the project, but when he could not complete it, his work was not well appreciated by Chuck and was also moved to another project. This demotivated him and let him down. He thought he had failed. When he was again assigned the same market in his 2nd project he thought he will fail again in this project and his lack of knowledge of this market will add into the issue. He now did not have confidence in his capabilities and wanted to remain in his comfort zone of line management. c. Locus of control: He seems to display external locus of control as he believed...
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...Abigail Ross Professor Jenkins English 111 28 January 2015 Lesson Learned Being in high school, students feel they are grown and can do anything without getting caught. By the time I was in eleventh grade, I thought I could go and come as I pleased without any consequences. I felt telling my mom a small lie wouldn’t harm anything, but I was dead wrong. Something so small turned into something so horrible. I was in eleventh grade, and I was studying for final exams coming up the next day. However, I really wanted to get a break and go see my friend Marquesha from school. So I asked my mom could I go to my dad’s house because I knew she wouldn’t let me go to my friend’s house. She knew I really needed to be studying for my exams. So she said yes, I could go to my dad’s house but I could only be gone for an hour. I happily left the house thinking I had fooled my mother. Not checking time regularly I lost track of it and was gone longer than an hour. Being that I was gone longer then the allotted time, my mother begin to get worried because she hasn’t heard from me and I wasn’t home yet. So my worried mother called my dad and asked where I was and that’s where it all started; I got caught. I never thought I would get caught but little did I know I would lose track of time. I got caught because I lost track of time and didn’t answer my phone when my mother called me. So she called my dad’s, where I was supposed to be, but he broke the news to her that I wasn’t...
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