...Concept of Learning PSYC/550 August 11, 2014 Kimberly Wisniewski Abstract There is a saying that individuals learn something new every day. This statement holds some truths to it. An individual learns new information in the classes from schooling, our daily surroundings, and our careers. Sometimes learning new information my change our environment completely or just the people in it. This paper will try to explain the concept of learning, differentiate between learning and performance, and compare and contrast the conceptual approaches to the study of learning. Concept of Learning Learning is defined as the process through which experiences modifies pre-existing behavior and understanding (Bernstein, Clarke-Stewart, Penner, Roy, & Wickens, 2000). In order for an individual to learn one must acquire knowledge. Although individuals are naturally equipped with per-existing perceptive behavior at birth, learning plays a central role in the human behavior such as motor skills that an individual has that allows them to walk or the language skills that an individual needs to communicate with others (Bernstein, Clarke-Stewart, Penner, Roy, & Wickens, 2000) . Individuals learn mostly by experiencing certain proceedings around them and by observing relationships between people in their environment. When there are several events that keep reoccurring together individuals are able to predict the knowledge of one event based on the outcome of the other event. For example...
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...Learning Styles Paper PSYC101 The VARK is a questionnaire that, when completed, will allow a person to view how they learn best, based on the answers they provided. VARK stands for visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic. VARK allows people to do something with the information they receive; changing the way they study or read. It gets a person to think about the process of learning. According to my result, my learning preferences are aural (auditory) and multimodal in visual, read/write, and kinesthetic (movement.) Using these results and after reading Psychology “Why study how to study,” I have developed a study plan. This will hopefully help me achieve academic success in my Psychology 101 course. I will listen to Mypsyclab podcasts, which involves auditory learning. I will find ways to rehearse the information both verbally and visually. This might involve describing what I learned to a friend, taking notes or drawing a mind map. By learning in more than one way, I am further pounding the knowledge in my mind. According to research, the more regions of the brain that store data about a subject, the more interconnection there is. This means I will have more opportunities to pull up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross-referencing of data will help me learn, rather than just memorizing it. Since school is a full-time job. And managing your time is important. I will cut back my days, so that I might...
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...Verbal Learning Paper Types of learning abound. As a result, people apply different kinds of methods that are appropriate for them during learning process. Various learning approaches showcase how a learner commences the efforts of gripping, processing, focusing on, and sustaining current and challenging information (Bjork, McDaniel, Pashler, and Rohrer, 2008). The study of memory and learning is synonymous with Ebbinghaus, Herman. The earliest scientific approach to the study of memory in 1885 by Herman Ebbinghaus gave impetus to some techniques used by psychologists to assess learning methods. This paper shall examine the concept of verbal learning. Compares and contrasts serial learning, paired associate learning, and free recall. It will also explore the concept of mnemonics in the recall of verbal stimuli. The Concept of Verbal Learning The concept of verbal learning is associated with Herman Ebbibghaus’ (1885) scientific research on memory. This scientific exploration and breakthrough illuminates the impact of explicit independent features on learning first the verbal learning items or objects. The concept of verbal learning relates to some learning techniques propounded by Ebbinghaus. The techniques include serial learning, (e.g., the list of words), and nonsense syllables ( consant-vowel-consant, e.g., LoJ, TAQ). These techniques also gave hunch to many experimental events and controls for meaning. This verbal learning tends to reflect. Verbal learning simply depicts...
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...Learning Experience Paper Anthony Boss PSY/103 July 20, 2016 Kathy Gromoll Learning Experience Paper People learn things in many different ways. Some people learn easy and some people learn in hard ways. The thing is that anyone can learn something. I will share an experience that I learned while I was growing up. My Learning Experience I was young when my father taught me to hunt. I really liked hunting because you had to be quite and still to see something to shoot. My father taught me by classical conditioning. I learned to hunt by doing it over and over. Hunting is a skill that has to be learned by making mistakes and learning how to do it better when you make a mistake. I learned by conditioning myself to do the same thing over and over to get a kill. Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events. This type of learning is the most common type of learning for some people and dogs. The way you learn this way is being able to associate something like a click with good behavior in dogs. The dog does something good then you click a button and then the dog associates the good behavior with the button click. Some people learn this way also. (Spielman, Dumpter, Jenkins, Lacombe, & Lovett, 2014). Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning is when a person learns to associate a behavior and its consequence. This type of learning can consist of a reward/punishment...
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...Verbal Learning Amber Dauen PSYCH/550 October 27, 2014 Professor Weisz Verbal Learning Paper Every person has his or her own learning preference. There are many different learning styles to choose from. Learning style is the way in which each learner begins to concentrate on, process, absorb, and retain new and difficult information (Bjork, McDaniel, Pashler, & Rohrer, 2008). Research in verbal learning follows the work of Herman Ebbinghaus who identified verbal learning methods that are still used today. In this paper, the concept of verbal learning will be described. The similarities and differences of serial learning, paired associated learning, and free call will be discussed. Finally, the concept of mnemonics in the recall...
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...Learning and Cognition Paper Michele Fonseca University of Phoenix Learning and Cognition Learning is basically a combination of different experiences in which individual skills like knowledge. When we learn it is a lifelong process this we know for a fact we do only focus on notions that school and training is essential for development. As we know essentially 'cognition' means is 'to know', gaining knowledge through thought or perception. Cognitive learning is about enabling people to learn by using their reason, intuition and perception. This technique is often used to change peoples' behavior. But people's behavior is influenced by many factors such as culture, upbringing, education and motivation. Therefore cognitive learning involves understanding how these factors influence behavior and then using this information to develop learning programs. Learning through experience can come in many forms not always as noticeable as others. For example, students in an academic setting have different learning styles. This specific type of learning ability could allow students to absorb information in a classroom setting effortlessly. This type of learning is more of a passive ability, rather than something that requires effort to accomplish. This type of student could be learning although not paying any attention what so ever in a classroom. This type of learning also can be accomplished outside of a classroom setting within society passively (Advanogy...
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...Individual Learning Paper PSY 103 April 28, 2008 As ever changing individuals, there are many learning experiences that one encounters every day of one’s life. These event s can be good or bad. But the ultimate goal is to learn from them. I will discuss from a psychological viewpoint, my personal learning experience with the mistake of giving a minor permission to drink wine while at home without clear and implemented guidelines. I was about 15 years old when my father gave me permission to drink wine freely in the home. He assumed that he was teaching me the properly way to consume and enjoy the taste of various wines. My father’s rationing was that if I learned from an adult instead of another minor this would keep me from abusing alcohol. Unfortunately that was not the case. Being inexperienced to the risk of over drinking, I experienced firsthand what being drunk felt like. I had in the past few months enjoyed the flavor of very chilled wine. My father would place a bottle in the freezer along with our glasses for about 10 to 20 minutes or so. After the wine and glasses were chilled, my father and I would partake in the enjoyment. One particular Friday evening my father did his usual routine with the wine and glasses, except that he unintentionally left the wine bottle in the freezer. I went back to get myself another glass full, only to notice that the wine had froze...
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...When learning to drive there are three major steps; practicing, studying and testing. When practicing most just get behind the wheel and go, rather it be in a parking lot or on the street. Studying is the boring part, normally consisting of allot of reading and or watching. Finally there is the testing phase where he or she would prove their knowledge of what he or she has practiced and studied. This cycle may not go in this order for everyone but the process continues over and over throughout your driving years. When a male or female, child or adult, decides he or she wants to learn to drive or learn a new aspect of driving, then he or she tends to practice it in some way, shape, or form. When a child wants to learn to drive they typically ask their parents or care giver to get on their lap and steer the car while the adult controls the throttle and brake. Later in the child’s life he or she may be allowed to take over all controls fully and drive around in a parking lot, private roads or in some cases public roads. Video games the day and age are so realistic to the point where a person could practice driving while in the comfort of their own home and breaking no laws by letting an unlicensed driver behind the wheel of a car. When I was young and aspiring to drive, my reward was being able to drive my mom around for doing well in school and completing my chores. If I messed up my driving privileges were taken away from me. Since I was a pretty good child I learned to drive...
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...Active Learning Strategies 1. Active Learning Strategy: One-Minute Paper Description of Strategy: The active learning strategy of one-minute question or one-minute paper, as described by Faust and Paulson (1998), requires the instructor to briefly pause their lecture, and pose a question to their class. This question should test the most important concept covered during that lecture session, and it can be presented in the midst of the lecture or near the end of the class period. This active learning strategy permits the instructor to determine the effectiveness of their lectures, and, perhaps more importantly, it allows the students an opportunity to retrieve the newly learned information. This form of retrieval practice has been experimentally demonstrated to be one of the most powerful learning techniques (Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, & Willingham, 2013; Karpicke & Blunt, 2011). ...
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...Simple Stimulus Learning Psych 550 March 3, 2013 Dr. McMurray Simple Stimulus Learning Stimulus learning somewhat changes behavior permanently, or it can somewhat change the behavior repertoire that arises due to experiences (Terry, 2009). There is no exact way on observing knowledge, so in result behaviors are the only way a person has the capability of observing what has occurred in learning. This simple stimulus learning paper will analyze the forms of simple stimulus learning. The analysis will explain the concept of habituation, while analyzing the factors that affect perceptual learning, and examining the effects of stimulus exposure. This paper will also discuss how simple stimulus learning is applied to two real life scenarios. Concept of Habituation Habituation is "the process of making or becoming used to something" (Habituation, 2009). Habituation is a primary type of learning evident in a reduction in neuronal responses to recurring stimulation (Mutschler et. al, 2010). The concept of habituation can be defined as the process by which one becomes internally consumed, exhausted, or adapted to an issue, idea, or act that habituates or compels one to become accustomed to oneself with regard to the frequency, strength, or expectancy of reaction to one's particular category of remedy with regard to one's affliction; this includes the adverse behaviors that result from the frequency, strength, expectancy...
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...Samuel Durham American Government Professor Tapia 12/03/15 Service Learning Reflection Paper For my service learning project I volunteered as an intern at the 5000 role models project of excellent program. Head director Paul Wilson and his staff welcomed me with open arms. During my time there I assisted with many activities which helped me learn some great communication skills and also greatly benefited the staff as well. During my internship I was involved in encouraging mentors of different fields such as Police Officers, Firefighters, Military Veterans and others to come out and support young men who are headed in the right direction. I found my self-surrounded in a setting that I saw openly was consisted on pure professionalism. Every day that I walked inside of that office I received nothing but respect, kindness and admiration. In fact I was even acknowledge that I was a consistent, dedicated, and diligent by head director Paul Wilson. That in which stood as true because I had already exceed my service learning hours. What I have attained from my brief time there was that having an impact on younger people is very important. This opens up my eyes as to getting involved with helping young men becoming better fathers’ better husbands and having greater voices in the community. I learned that teaching young people about the importance of growth in the community starts with unity. The biggest problem we are having when it comes down to change in the community is voting...
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...Capella University Psych 3500 Learning and Cognition Project Research Category The research category I have picked to do is instrumental conditioning. I think these will very important to learn because it has entails punishment and non-rewards and avoidance. I feel people learn from getting rewards or being punished. This is why I am doing this research so it can prove me wrong or prove me right. Research Topic The topic I have pick and will do research on will be the relationship between instrumental conditioning and learning. This will allow the readers to gin more information on instrumental conditioning and all the stuff that go along with it. Research Question What are the concepts that are involved in instrumental conditioning that facilitate learning, and does research support the relationship between instrumental conditioning and learning? -What is nonreward and how is it influential to learning? -What is punishment, when was it first being researched, and how is it influential to learning? -What is avoidance, and what theories and concepts are involved? -What research experiments have been conducted on instrumental conditioning? -What results have come about from the experiments being used in instrumental conditioning? Research Plan What are the concepts that are involved in instrumental conditioning that facilitate learning, and does research support the relationship...
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...imitation. It also known as displaced learning, modeling. This theory was suggested by Albert Bandura. Mainly, to learn in an observational way, recall it or record it in their mind, and finally replicate the behavior. The behavior may or may not happen again. The choice to continue demonstrating the behavior depends on the outcome (reward, etc.). The things that limit this type of learning are the intelligence level and the level of capability to copy the person well that the learner has. In the experiment, of Bandura's stresses the important of observational learning. In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura determined that early children would mimic the violent and aggressive actions of an adult model. In the experiment, children observed a film in which an adult repeatedly hit a large, inflatable balloon doll) Taylor and DeQuinzio, 2012). After viewing the film clip, children were allowed to play in a room with a real Bobo doll just like. Bandura's research on observational learning...
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...Class, Learning theories assert that development results from an accumulation of experience. There are 3 main psychologists associated with this theory. There is Ivan Pavlov, who believed that learning results from the association of stimuli called classical conditioning. Also, B.F Skinner, who coined the term operant conditioning, which involves learning to repeat or stop behaviors because of the consequences it may cause. Lastly, Albert Bandura, who thought that a person could learn from observing someone else perform an action and experience reinforcement or punishment. This is called observant learning or modeling (Boyd & Bee, 2015,p. 32). Each one of these psychologists’ theories has strengths and weaknesses. A strength in Pavlov’s...
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...Learning Styles Paper Learning styles come in many different shapes and forms. Everyone has their own way of learning new things, just like I do myself. One may find it easier to have things explained to them in great detail, while another may learn best from visual aspects like diagrams and pictures. Each style is unique and works for others that best suits them in how they tend to acquire information. Forms like active, reflective, sensing, intuitive, visual, verbal, sequential and global are the different terms that describe how one may learn. Each one of these terms have very informative information about what they are and how they contribute to someone’s learning style. I myself lean more toward active, sensing, visual, and sequential...
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