...LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review This report critically reviews the literature on learning styles and examines in detail 13 of the most influential models. The report concludes that it matters fundamentally which instrument is chosen. The implications for teaching and learning in post-16 learning are serious and should be of concern to learners, teachers and trainers, managers, researchers and inspectors. Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review Frank Coffield Institute of Education University of London David Moseley University of Newcastle Elaine Hall University of Newcastle Kathryn Ecclestone University of Exeter The Learning and Skills Research Centre is supported by the Learning and Skills Council and the Department for Education and Skills The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Learning and Skills Research Centre or the Learning and Skills Development Agency Published by the Learning and Skills Research Centre www.LSRC.ac.uk Feedback should be sent to: Sally Faraday Research Manager Learning and Skills Development Agency Regent Arcade House 19–25 Argyll Street London...
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...Learning is an essential part of everyday life both in academic and professional situations. The skill of knowing how to learn is important for every student, individual and worker. The main purpose of this essay is discuss how theories and concepts about individual learning and how it can be useful for employees and managers who wish to improve learning in an organisation. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour, cognition or affect that occurs as a result of one’s interaction with the environment (DeSimone, Werner, & Harris, 2002, p. 75). Learning is defined as the process whereby knowledge is created, acquired, transformed, converted, or utilized in a different context from its origin (Yang, 2003, p.117). Knowledge on the other hand consists of three indivisible facets, Explicit, Implicit and Emancipatory (Yang, 2003, p.108).Explicit knowledge refers to that of mind apprehension, Implicit relates to the body, more of a personal context and Emancipatory knowledge which relates to emotion and affection. According to Yang (2003, p. 108), we learn not only through mental correspondence but also by direct personal involvement. In order for individuals to learn, there are a number of learning styles that a person has that differ from another. According to Lu et al. (2007, p.188), learning styles are categorised in four stages cycle which are concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. These stages are developed...
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...literature for this study focuses on procedures used to identify teaching and learning styles and what effect a match between the two has on student learning outcomes and evaluation of instructors. The review focuses on a number of different instruments used to identify teaching and learning styles. The chapter begins with a definition of learning styles, teaching styles, and matching, followed by the findings of researchers using various instruments to measure learning and teaching styles. The research outcomes germane to learning styles, teaching styles, and a match between the two in relation to course grades, final exam scores, and instructor evaluations are discussed. Learning and Teaching Styles Many researchers have proclaimed the significance of identifying preferred teaching styles and preferred learning styles. Claxton and Ralston (1978, in Miller, 1982) alluded to this significance: The research findings on learning styles offer substantial promise to teachers, counselors, and the students themselves in terms of finding better ways for students to learn. But while matching learning style with instructional mode apparently facilitates positive interpersonal relations, and while it would seem to point the way for increased learning, the empirical data that support this idea are rather scarce. Such a significant gap in the research must be filled if knowledge about learning styles is to become a significant force in improving college and university teaching...
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...LEARNING STYLES Students preferentially take in and process information in different ways: by seeing and hearing, reflecting and acting, reasoning logically and intuitively, analyzing and visualizing, steadily and in fits and starts. Teaching methods also vary. Some instructors lecture, others demonstrate or lead students to self-discovery; some focus on principles and others on applications; some emphasize memory and others understanding. When mismatches exist between learning styles of most students in a class and the teaching style of the professor, the students may become bored and inattentive in class, do poorly on tests, get discouraged about the courses, the curriculum, and themselves, and in some cases change to other curricula or drop out of school. Professors, confronted by low test grades, unresponsive or hostile classes, poor attendance and dropouts, know something is not working. They may become overly critical of their students (making things even worse) or begin to wonder if they are in the right profession. Most seriously, society loses potentially excellent professionals. To overcome these problems, professors should strive for a balance of instructional methods (as opposed to trying to teach each student exclusively according to his or her preferences.) If the balance is achieved, all students will be taught partly in a manner they prefer, which leads to an increased comfort level and willingness to learn, and partly in a less preferred manner, which provides...
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...Investigation into My Learning Style Ben Thiel COLL100 American Military University Professor Corey Tutor Investigation into My Learning Style Throughout life the term “learning style” is used, each individual has a different assumption of the definition mostly the individual takes on a personal stance and states, “I’m an auditory learner, if you say it once I will remember,” whereas others refer to themselves as most commonly visual or kinesthetic students. However, for one to limit themselves to possessing one type of learning style is quite a limitation. I have always considered my learning style to be predominately visual learner. According to Felder & Soloman, (n.d.) there are multiple learning styles aside from the traditional visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Felder & Soloman (n.d) present eight different learning styles which include; active, reflective, sensing, intuitive, visual, verbal, sequential, and global. Although these styles tend to pull from the traditional three; their definitions give more depth to the characteristics associated with one’s preferred learning style. Felder & Soloman developed a personal questionnaire which allows an individual to answer a series of forty-four questions. Results are given to the individual based on their responses; the scales range from one to eleven in one direction or the other these values compare two learning styles. The numerical value represents the individual’s preference for one learning style verse the opposing...
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...VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved in learning are shared in both reading and writing modalities (VARK, 2016). One of the reasons a leaner may choose to embrace the read/write learning style is because it facilitates cognitive concept mastery since it brings out the aspect of making sense of what is read through fixing it in memory by writing it down (Crawford, 2005). Therefore, the method strengthens the learning quality by incorporating both the senses of sight and touch. Pointed out herein is how personal reading/writing strategies compare to the VARK preferred read/write learning style strategies and how the awareness of the individual learning style (read/write style) influences teaching and learning. Preferred learning strategies for read/write learning style * Identification of the item or subject that require a study. * Development of learning goals and questions or hypotheses with regard to the subject of study. * Identification of the sources from which the study will derive concepts from. The sources ought...
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...VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved in learning are shared in both reading and writing modalities (VARK, 2016). One of the reasons a leaner may choose to embrace the read/write learning style is because it facilitates cognitive concept mastery since it brings out the aspect of making sense of what is read through fixing it in memory by writing it down (Crawford, 2005). Therefore, the method strengthens the learning quality by incorporating both the senses of sight and touch. Pointed out herein is how personal reading/writing strategies compare to the VARK preferred read/write learning style strategies and how the awareness of the individual learning style (read/write style) influences teaching and learning. Preferred learning strategies for read/write learning style * Identification of the item or subject that require a study. * Development of learning goals and questions or hypotheses with regard to the subject of study. * Identification of the sources from which the study will derive concepts from. The sources ought...
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...VARK Learning Styles Diane Harman Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V November 09, 2013 VARK Learning Styles Learning styles can be defines as the way an individual processes and obtains information. Learning styles vary for each individual. The VARK model, designed by Neil Fleming, is a guide that focuses on 4 different learning styles, Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic. Students who utilize the VARK model, to focus on preferred learning styles may increase their educational experience, and satisfaction with the learning process. This paper will focus on the preferred learning styles, strategies, and changes to current learning styles, of the author, after taking the VARK questionnaire. Learning Styles and Preferences Learning is more satisfactory, for the author, when utilizing several different styles of learning or multimodal as described in the VARK model.(Flemming, 2001-2011) However, focus is usually centered around action while learning, doing, utilizing hands on experiences, and visual aids, this learning style represent the kinesthetic, and visual learning styles as defined in the VARK model.(Flemming, 2001-2011) The author would prefer learning when content is provided in diverse methods, nevertheless, is able to adapt to different styles with the use of modifications, to enhance learning. If presented with a didactic lecture for learning, the author may try to encourage the instructor to provide real...
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...My Learning Style Lindsay Cavalier Hodges University HSA3145 Peter Van Leeuwan September 15th, 2013 Abstract We now know everyone has a different learning style. I do not believe all people have one type of learning style though. I believe as a company, all employees can benefit from a custom multimodal training. Each intake aspect from the individual learning styles can be tied into one another, for even better employee training! My Learning Style What is my learning style? I was happy to take part in this questionnaire, as I find it very accurate. According to the Vark questionnaire, I enjoyed the results page due to the emphasis on words and lists. I always assumed I was a hands-on and visual-type learner. According to the assigned text book’s six cognitive domains or levels of learning, I tend to skip to the fourth step of analysis. Within my own job, I am constantly analyzing how I can personally complete a task as efficiently and accurately as possible. In my line of work, the more efficiently you can complete a task, the fast the provider’s receive their revenue. The best strategies I can use would be utilizing lists for organizational purposes. I would prioritize them from highest to low priority, taking any anxiety stressors away from the work at hand. For an organization to properly train employees with different learning styles, they will need to analyze each learning style and pull the best qualities from each. I would pull two to three...
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...All people have a different learning style such as visual, auditory or kinesthetic, but everyone has a dominant one. When a person is learning he or she uses the learning style that is suitable for them. There is a tool called VARK- A guide to learning by Neil D. Fleming that can determine which learning style each person prefers. According to the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic) system questionnaire I scored Visual: 9, Aural: 3, Read/Write: 7 and Kinesthetic 9 and was considered a multimodal learner which is someone who has multiple preferences. As stated in the VARK learning styles 60% of the population fits this category. The learning style I prefer is kinesthetic. Throughout my career in military law enforcement I was able to learn many different ways, but I learned faster and retained more for a longer period of time if I can see what I am doing and having the hands on approach. I believe being able to do it yourself or having the chance to be more hands on with the problem can help the person get a far better understanding. My other preferred style is Visual. This style will benefit me because it helps me to have a visual of what I need in order to understand. Andragogy is a model of adult learning and education developed by Malcolm Knowles. Knowles' theory of andragogy is an attempt to develop a theory specifically for adult learning. Knowles emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Andragogy...
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...LEARNING, LEARNING STYLES AND PERSPECTIVE Date: 14/12/2012 Author: Darren Brown Learning Style From the article by Kolb and Kolb (2005) on learning styles, it clearly shows that the personality that we have defines the learning style that we adopt as an individual and is termed Constructivism in learning. I have found I do prefer the processing approach continuum that translates into the “doing” action as opposed to the watching. On the perception continuum I fall under the Concrete experience or “feeling” realm and not the “thinking “or abstract conceptualization. This leads onto to the further definition of an “accommodating” learning style but I also had a lot of consensus with the “diverging “learning aspect. Initially this was a bit of a conundrum for me as where did I actually fall as it seemed a clear cut theory. However when reading Kolb and Kolb 2005 and referring to the work of Abbey et all 1985 and Hunt 1987 it showed that there are indeed further actual combinations that can be found and in this aspect I would fall under the “Northerner “. It is also interesting to note this is the only synthesis of the learning behaviour that does not include the AC aspect at all. It seems nobody can posses all the different aspects as that is what makes us human beings and different to each other. There as been some criticism of the Kolb model in that it is quite Western culturally based and it does not take into account cultural differences or experiences as described...
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...Learning Styles and Strategies My learning style is generally well balanced between active, reflective, sensing and intuitive learning. However, I have a more moderate preference toward the visual learning over verbal and the sequential over global learning. The results of my test did not surprise me. I realize that I comprehend better when shown how to do something over reading directions from a text. I feel the assessment of my test was very valid and the questions that were asked were relative to the process. I believe that my test results were very accurate. As a learner the instructional strategies that work best for me are the visual along with sequential and I would use these in a classroom with games, graphs, pictures, charts, films, and other tools. To help students that do not learn in the same way, an instructor must incorporate other strategies in the classroom to accommodate each of the different learning styles. This would include using the reflective learning style by giving the student a chance to think about a subject and come to a conclusion to bring to class a discussion. It would also include addressing the verbal learning style by assigning reading material of different types the student could address in class. An evaluation quiz could be used in the classroom utilizing each learning style to access the different learning styles of the students, giving the instructor information about her students learning skills. This information could...
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...Learning Style Analysis Kathie Kaiser Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V June 23, 2013 Learning Styles Analysis Everybody has their own way of learning, how they like to receive information, process it, and file it in their brain for future use either for their jobs or for formal education. The most common styles of learning are Visual, you like to see what you are learning, Aural, you like to hear what you are learning, Read/Write you like to see on paper in words what you are learning, Kinesthetic, you like a hands on approach to learning, and Multimodal you learn best using different styles. This writer completed the VARK questionnaire to discover her learning styles. The VARK questionnaire has 13 questions and indicates the preferences in which learning is taken in. It is not a definitive measure of learning, just a tool to discover learning preferences. VARK Questionnaire with scores From the profile generated from the VARK questionnaire, this writer confirmed that she enjoys a variety of learning styles, this is known as multimodal. The VARK learning scores were Visual=5, Aural (hearing) =10, R (read/write) =12, and K (Kinesthetic) =7 for a total score of 34 (Fleming). This is very close to what the writer already knew about her preferred learning styles. Preferred learning styles According to the VARK questionnaire this writers’ strongest learning preference is read/write. When listening to a lecture, writing notes and seeing a power point presentation...
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...Learning Styles of College Freshmen: Relationship to Classroom Behavior and Academic Performance in Biological Science Myrna Paez-Quinto Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Education (Biology Education) In the Division of Curriculum and Instruction College of Education University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City October 2003 ABSTRACT The research examines the relationship of students’ learning styles to classroom behavior and academic performance. It is also identifies which of the following factors – learning styles, sex, academic program and score in the admission test – best predicts academic performance. The study sample consisted of 304-non-science college freshmen enrolled in the following programs: accountancy-81, management-77, mass communication-56, psychology-29, marketing-21, political science-26, and education-14. To determine the student learning styles, the students accomplished the researcher-made Learning style Questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by faculty members of the Psychology Department of the Far Eastern University. Classroom behavior was observed with the use of the ASEAN Student Rating Scale. The instrument was accomplished by the researcher while observing the students of different learning styles in their classes. An interview was conducted to cross validate the behavior shown by the selected correspondents. Questions...
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