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Lecture Nothing

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Lecture #2

Three Strategies to Test Theories:
-Descriptive
-Correlational
-Experimental

Descriptive
(systematic observation)

Three Types:

1) Case Study (oldest descriptive method) -Study one or more individuals in great depth -e.g.Sigmond Freud -studied people with psychological disorders in Vienna -extrapolated on personality in general using info. from these people -Problem: the person or people you select may be so abnormal that data based on them is misleading -Today: case studies are used with brain damage patients -e.g. how strake victims speak provides information on the role of the brain in language - from this we learned that language is mostly in the left hemisphere and there are two separate areas involved, one for speaking and one for understanding

2) The Survey -Asks many people to report their behavior or opinions -e.g. election surveys, sex on campus by the “Times” -can be used to compare cultures -Trying to make a statement about a large group of people -You can’t usually ask all of the people you are interested in (called the target population), so you get a subset of the population -this subset is called a sample -For the results to be reasonable, the sample must be random, meaning that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being picked for the sample -If the sample is not random, you can get erroneous conclusions -e.g. book Women in Love only used the data from women in national women’s organizations and chose to respond to the survey (~4%) and found that 70% of the respondents had had an affair -when the sample was made more representative, the figure was 10%

3) Naturalistic Observation -You go to the national environment and you watch and record behavior (you do not interfere) -e.g. Jane Goodall learned about chimp society by

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