...Lecture 21 2 questions with Hardy Weinberg - P2 + 2PQ = Q2 = 1; P+1 = 1 Founder effect- be able to recognize; Albino Indians within a population move from large large population to new area and now the albino allele frequency higher in new population Heterozygous Advantage – Sickle Cell TRAIT may have advantage, RBC does not live as long so is advantageous be able to apply concept Know how large and small populations and how genetic drift applies to each Lecture 22 Genetic screening – what is looked for? What makes good screening test Something prevelant, treatable, something with access to care, test is accurate and reliable PKU ---Classical vs Malignant Galactosemia – GALT enzyme Material PKU – mother with PKU, at child bearing age eating HIGH PROTEIN FOODS can be damaging to fetus Associated diseases with each population group – Tay Sachs (Jewish), Thalessemia (Mediterranean, Asian), Sickle Cell (African) If we did screening test for certain populations, which tests would be screening for? Lecture 23 Phamacogenetics Do not need to know specific medication names Know the enzyme that causes Lecture 24 Galactosemia Glycogen Storage Disease (1 and 2) PKU KNOW ENZYME and TREATMENTS FOR EACH KNOW the ex vivo and In vivo gene therapy methods; in vivo, take the direct gene an place into person; ex vivo, extract, culture cell, introduce new genetic material, select for gene, place back in the individual. Lecture 25 Syncytiotrophoblasts – know what that group...
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...services that is capable of fostering a comfortable environment for students with LD to study and academically excel to their fullest potential. Practical accommodations will also be implemented, which will promote certain environmental modifications that will help reduce and eradicate barriers of understanding that students with LD may come across, without giving them any advantage over other students in academic performance. Students with LD who request these accommodations must receive approval from the relevant Course Director and a DSD officer before they receive these supplementary aids during academic studies that will be tailored to their specific needs. Classroom accommodations include supplying competent peer note-takers, recording lectures with a recording device, and assistance with computer technology. Assignment accommodations include providing additional time for students to finish in-class assignments, delivering constructive feedback and assistance on planning the assignment outline by systematically dismantling it into smaller fragments so that the students better understand its components, and delivering proofreading aid. Examination accommodations include additional completion time during exams, potentially using alternate methods such as computer technology to take exams, and optionally setting up exams in an isolated environment with limited disruptions. Prevention strategies are in place to prevent abuse such as inequality, stigma, prejudice and discrimination...
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...Altered Phys. Notes Lecture 1: (September 17, 2015) What does physiology mean? * Normal function of a living thing, human cell, tissue, organ , system What is Pathophysiology? * Abnormal function caused by an adverse event/stimulus * The event can be mechanical/chemical/radiation/etc. * It has a negative impact on function How relevant is A&P to Patho? * Pretty relevant * You know when something is wrong with the human body if you know how it functions when its healthy * You need to know what’s normal to appreciate what’s different Cell and tissue biology * If you can understand what is happening in a cell, you can see what is happening in a tissue, (tissue is group of cells performing a similar function) * Injuries can be caused by chemical, intentional or unintentional, etc. Sub-lethal (reversible), or lethal (irreversible) * Cellular aging is a normal part of cell life Structural and functional changes leading to cell death or decreased capacity to heal * Different cells age at different rates * Skin cells get replaced every day, red blood cells get replaced every 4 months * There are 5 million blood cells travelling in the human body at a time Adaptation: how a cell responds to stimulus (ex. Pregnancy), to escape and protect themselves from injury Normal cells meet injury it could do one of two things * It could say, I’m going to change myself so I can stay healthy adaptation * If the adaptation doesn’t...
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...Sling Blade – Mentally Challenged Shannon Merritt PSY 281 LN1 Professor Holly Schofield March 28, 2012 Thesis: Stereotypes that misrepresent, mock, and trivialize mental illness should not be tolerated because they are hurtful as well as offensive; furthermore, they reinforce the stigma that discourages those who are ill from getting the help they need. Karl Childers is a mentally-challenged man with a touch of simple goodness in him and a violent murderous background. He is very high functioning, very organized, and clearly knows the difference between right and wrong which leads me to believe that he might be slightly autistic. At the request of his father, Karl is in some way responsible for the death of his younger brother, who was born prematurely. Karl knew it was wrong for him to just throw him away in a barrel so he put him in a box and gave him a proper burial. Karl also murdered his mother and her lover because he thought she was being raped but soon came to the realization that his mother wanted to be with her lover. To protect Linda and Frank, Karl murdered Doyle, Linda’s boyfriend, because he was an abusive person was just plain nasty all around. Patient History Name: Karl Childers Age: around 32 Sex: Male Race: White Marital Status: Single Employment: Small-engine repair Karl was mentally challenged and institutionalize for about twenty years because he murdered his mother and her lover. His parents were poor and illiterate...
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...Meaning of Learning Disability The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined learning disabilities as a state of arrested or incomplete development of mind. Somebody with a general learning disability is said to have a significant impairment of intellectual, adaptive and social functioning. The way Learning Disability has been defined has been changing over different phases. The term has experienced a shift in dominance from Physicians to Psychologists and most recently to Educationist. The shift has been from an evaluation phase to instruction, education and training. Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV 1800-1930 1930-1960 1960-1980 1980-Present / / / Foundation Phase Transition Phase Integration Phase Contemporary Phase Phase Details Foundation Phase During the Foundation Phase, medical theories of brain function and dysfunction were formulated. Transition Phase Transition Phase emphasised more on the Clinical Study of the Child by Psychologists Integration Phase Integration Phase was characterized by the rapid growth of school programme for learning disabled children Contemporary Phase The current phase is an eclectic approach with a shift to the Educators. It is a coming together of the doctors , psychologists, parents and teacher with ultimate responsibility lying on the teachers The term Learning Disability actually was coined in 1963 here in Chicago...
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...struggles and accomplished more in her lifetime than most people. Dorothea Dix’s accomplishments and dedication to humanity paved the way to establish better care and treatment of mental health patients. Dorothea Lynde Dix was born in Hampden, Maine on April 4th, 1802. She was the eldest of three born to Joseph Dix and Mary Bigelow Dix. After several failed attempts at becoming a salesman and manager, Joseph Dix became a traveling Methodist preacher. Her mother, Mary Dix was rumored to have suffered from depression, retardation and was bedridden for most of Dorothea’s childhood (MacLean, 2012). Although her father was a frequently absent, alcoholic and abusive father he still taught he daughter to read and write at a young age. Because of...
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...Education of Individuals with Disability Name: Institution: Education of Individuals with Disability History of Special Education In the early 18th century, people with disability were often ignored, obscured, or put to death. First efforts to provide education for disabled students were focused on students with sensory problems such as the deaf and blind. During the 19 and early 20th century, schools that were specialized in providing education to students with disability emerged in United States and Europe. The extremely published story of Helen Keller influenced the introduction of education for disabled people in America. In 1887, Anne Sullivan who was Helen’s teacher said that he will not give up in offering education to the deaf and the blind, and she succeeded in teaching a five year old Helen how to communicate (Ashbaker, 2011, p. 25). Prior to 1965, there were no free education services provided to students with serious disabilities. These students were barred from attending school. Most of the students with severe disabilities used to put up in institutions. Many students who had mild disabilities and were not in a position to complete high school without any help did not have any other alternative other than dropping out of school. To appreciate developments that have placed disabled students in normal learning classroom, it is important to understand the legislative history that led to this move. Back in 1954, there was a civil rights case that involving...
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...DPE and Goal Instruction Amber Castro SPE-531 5/3/15 DPE and Goal Instruction A more generally detailed form of an IEP is the diagnostic, prescriptive, evaluative approach (DPE). The DPE approach can be utilized when planning lessons, in any degree of relevance from general curriculum proposals to current measures. The DPE approach identifies a student’s skills and abilities, identifying accomplishment of certain goals and assigning additional practical goals. The idea of diagnosis is to produce a precise, efficient instruction by reflecting upon a student’s strengths and weaknesses. Although goal analysis, development, and application can be exalted notions to ponder, without having an awareness of what and how to instruct, these notions are futile. According to Thomas (1996), the DPE approach, is a form of teaching that aides students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in attaining achievement and self-sufficiency. Simultaneously paired, goal instructional analysis and life goal planning is also an essential part of the DPE approach. The DPE approach reviews lesson development, allocating instruction into practicable fragments specified for an individual student, which delivers the essential educational accommodativeness to establish effective results. To commence, educators must establish a student’s level of ability, strengths, and weaknesses, and then formulate a plan which enables educators to frequently track and monitor student growth. Students with ID...
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...Types of learners. Nature of the Learner The learner is an embodied spirit. He is the union of sentient body and a rational soul. His body experiences sensations and feels pleasure and pain. His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection, and free rational volition. Body and soul exist in mutual dependence. (Kelly, 1965) The Learner n 1: someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs [syn: scholar, assimilator] 2: works for an expert to learn a trade [syn: apprentice, prentice] Fundamental Equipment of the Learner The learner has the power to see, hear, touch, smell, taste, perceive, imagine, retain, recall, recognize past mental acts, conceive ideas, make judgment, reason out, feel and choose. • Five Elements of the Learner 1. Ability The students’ native ability dictates the prospects of success in purposeful activity. It determines their capacity to understand and assimilate information...
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...Project [pic] Applied Degree Concept Paper Template The Graduate School Version: January 2013 © Northcentral University, 2013 Educators’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Inclusion Model: A Comparison Including Students with Mild, Moderate, and Severe Disabilities Concept Paper Submitted to Northcentral University Graduate Faculty of the School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION by Teriann S. Nash Prescott Valley, Arizona May- June 2014 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Purpose of the Study 2 Research Questions 3 Hypotheses 4 Definition of Key Terms 5 Brief Review of the Literature 5 Summary 7 Research Method 7 Operational Definition of Variables 9 Measurement 10 Summary 11 References 12 Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography 13 Introduction Inclusion is the current terminology (replacing mainstreaming and integration) that is used to describe a classroom where students with and without disabilities learn together. According to Georgiadi, Kalyva, Koukoutas, and Tsakiris (2012), “Inclusion is defined as access to mainstream settings, where children with special educational needs are educated together with their typically...
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...new television reality show and every bumper crop of school exam results: society is dumbing down. Scientists have long argued the opposite, pointing to the now widely accepted “Flynn effect”, which shows that over the past century average IQ scores have improved across the developed world, irrespective of class or creed. Now the man who first observed this effect, the psychologist James Flynn, has made another observation: intelligence test scores have stopped rising. Far from indicating that now we really are getting dumber, this may suggest that certain of our cognitive functions have reached — or nearly reached — the upper limits of what they will ever achieve, Professor Flynn believes. In other words, we can’t get much better at the mental tasks we are good at, no matter how hard we try. If we are to make any further progress, we will have to start exercising different parts of our brain, particularly the parts controlling language acquisition and empathy, according to Professor Flynn, an emeritus professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand. So a couple of observations about this. First, the Flynn Effect has been tossed into more IQ arguments than Arthur Jensen has hairs on his eminent head - most always, of course, by the environmentalist left. It has been interesting, if not altogether surprising, to contrast the reaction on the race-realist right to this activity. Has it launched a campaign of outright denial, blatently ignoring...
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...Delphine Hanna Ms. Hanna was a pioneer in organized physical education. She became the first instructor in Physical Education at Oberlin College (Ohio) in 1885. At that time, she began teaching the future faculty in Physical Education. Ms. Hanna received her medical degree in 1890 from the University of Michigan. This became a major compartment to the scientific basis of her physical programs. She established the first four-year curriculum for a Bachelor’s degree in physical education for women. In 1903, Ms. Hanna was made Professor of Physical Education at Oberlin, the first professorship in physical education in the United States. In search of answers concerning physical training, she learned of Dr. Dudley Sargent of Harvard who had interested a benefactor in making a generous gift to erect a well-equipped gymnasium. The testing, the courses, the activities were an innovation on a college campus. He was willing to conduct classes for women teachers in areas of anatomy, physiology, and the theory of exercise. Along with twelve other women, Ms. Hanna enrolled. She also investigated the newly developing orthopedic center in Boston to study diagnostic and corrective prescriptions for spinal deviations. She became convinced that a regimen of exercise was essential to well being, but must be based on scientific principles. She found a small college that held an open mind toward the experimentation of newer educational theories that welcomed her enthusiasm. ...
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...Introduction Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a marked impairment in the development of motor coordination, which is unrelated to any general medical condition or mental retardation [8]. The DSM-IV defines four diagnostic criteria that comprise DCD; with the first being “Performance in daily activities that require motor coordination is substantially below that expected given the person's chronological age and measured intelligence”[29]. Research has found that children with DCD experience difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s) such as basic self-maintenance activities including dressing, personal hygiene and eating [22]. Children with DCD report concerns with daily self-care tasks and leisure activities whereas parents and teachers are concerned with specific activities and/or school behaviour for example, handwriting [9]. This essay will discuss how human learning styles could be considered to improve capabilities in ADL’s and therefore decrease DCD. Figure 1. International Classification of Function Framework [27]. Demonstrating how those with neurological disorders experience interference with their ADLs. Procedural learning Procedural learning is the knowledge of the...
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...PUEBLO COMMUNITY COLLEGE NURSING NUR 211 Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Supplemental Learning Guide Course Objectives * Relate the minimum requirements for the course. * Illustrate the use of competencies for learning. * Formulate own needs and responsibilities relative to meeting course competencies. * Relate course/clinical assignments and evaluation * Distinguish how the major concepts (see Nursing Student Handbook) of the program are affected by the variety of conditions and diseases within this course for all age groups. Outline A. Orientation to course 1. Course descriptions 2. Course outcomes/competencies 3. Textbooks B. Course Requirements 1. Student assignments and responsibilities 2. Minimum level of achievement 3. Evaluation tools C. Course/ Clinical Assignments and Evaluation D. Major Concepts 1. Caring 2. Clinical judgment, clinical reasoning, and nursing judgment 3. Clinical microsystem 4. Collaboration 5. Critical thinking 6. Cultural competence and Diversity 7. Ethics 8. Evidence-based care 9. Healthcare environment 10. Human flourishing 11. Informatics and Information management 12. Integrity 13. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes 14. Leadership 15. Nursing and Nursing Process 16. Nursing-sensitive indicators 17. Patient and Patient-centered care 18. Personal and Professional development 19. Professional identity ...
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...ST. PAUL’S UNIVERSITY DEPT: COURSE: UNIT CODE: UNIT NAME: REG. NO: FULL NAMES: LECTURER: SUBMISSION DATE: Introduction It is right to say that autism is a disability and wrong to say that it is a mental disorder. However much people may think that autism appears to be a mental disorder, it is not. Autism occurs when there is a problem in the central nervous system. Autism is only a mental deficiency. Some autism victims clearly communicate and interact with the rest of the community while others need a lifetime of specialist support. It is a spectrum condition which means that while all people with autism share certain difficulties, their condition affect them in different ways. Autism victims experience over- or under-sensitivity to sounds, touch, tastes, smells, light or colors. People with autism are more likely than the general population to have accompanying problems such as dyslexia (difficulty with reading, spelling and/or writing), dyspraxia (severe difficulty with tasks requiring fine motor skills such as drawing or writing) and digestive problems. They are also vulnerable to developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Causes of Autism Autism can be caused by a variety of physical factors all of which affect brain development. The abnormal blood vessels functioning in the body causes ineffectual oxidation throughout the nervous system and this causes autism. Genetics is another cause for autism. Evidence suggests that genetic factors generate...
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