...Financial Reporting 2nd Assignment Transmitted to: Vinamilk Corporation Prepared for: Ms. Kim Oanh Vu (Lecturer) Unit 6: Financial Reporting Banking Academy, Hanoi BTEC HND in Business (Finance) Prepared by: Hoang Thai Duong, Sunshine, F04-039 Submission Date: January 10th, Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive summary 6 Introduction 7 1.1. Describe the different users of financial statements and their needs 8 1.2. Explain the legal and regulatory influences on financial statements preparation like Companies Act etc. 10 1.4. How different laws/regulations are dealt with by accounting and reporting standards 12 1.3. Assess the implications for users of financial statements 16 4.1. Calculate accounting ratios to assess the performance and position of Vinamilk 18 4.1.1. Profitability Ratios 18 4.1.2. Liquidity Ratios 18 4.1.3. Gearing Ratios 20 4.1.4. Investment Ratios 21 Report 22 Conclusions 24 Reference 25 Executive summary This report has three main parts. Firstly, I describe the different users (Stakeholders) of Finance statements and their needs and assess the implications for users of financial statement. Then, I explain the legal and regulatory influences on financial statements preparation like Companies Acts. After that, I describe how different policies are dealt with by accunting and reporting standard including FRS, IASB, SSAP, GAAP and ASB). Furthermore, I calculate accounting ratio...
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...Assignment On Financial Analysis & Control Submitted To: Umme Hanna Airin Ara Acting Head of Finance Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted By: Md.Nazmul Hasan ID: BBA 031 11119 BATCH: 31(P) Program: BBA Course Title: Financial Analysis & Control Course Code: FIN- 434 Stamford University Bangladesh Date of submission: 17th November, 2011 The Demand for financial Statement Information: * Introduction Financial statement is the product of a diverse set of demand and supply forces. Financial statement information is needed to facilitate decision making to facilitate the monitoring of management or to interpret contracts or agreement that includes provisions based on such information. Parties demanding financial statement information A. Shareholders, Investors and Security Analysts: Shareholders and other investors of corporation these parties range from individuals with relatively limited resources to large, well endowed institutions such as insurance companies and mutual funds. These decision made by the parties include not only which shares to day retain, or sell, but also the timing of the purchases or sales of those shares. In an investment focus, the emphasis is on choosing a portfolio of securities that is consistent with the preferences of the investor for risk, return, dividend yield, liquidity and so on. In that...
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...Financial Accounting and Reporting March 2015 Maldives Business School Cover Page ASSIGNMENT BRIEF BTEC HND/Associate Degree in Business (Management/HR/Marketing) The student must fill the relevant parts of the following table. Student Date Student First Name Student Last Name ID Task No. submitted Date issued Mohamed 1 8th March 2015 Statement of authenticity I, the above named student, hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work and not copied or plagiarized. It has not previously been submitted as part of any assessment. All the sources, from which information has been obtained for this assignment, have been referenced in the Harvard format. I further confirm that I have read and understood the Maldives Business School rules and regulations about plagiarism and copying and agree to be bound by them. Assignment summary information Unit 10 Financial Accounting & Reporting Unit Assignment reference 1 Assignment type This is an individual assignment. Task Submit on Do on Task 1: LO1, LO3, LO4, M1, M2, D1, D2, D3: Report 11 April 2015 NA Task 2: LO2, M3: Class assessment NA 23 March 2015 An extension must be applied for in writing by individual students and will only be granted Extensions for valid reasons. Late submissions Late submissions will be marked for all grades but will incur a fine of MVR 500. Assessor(s): Internal verifier: Assessor(s) please fill the table below AFTER the evaluation. Assessment Feedback ...
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...and Investments Commission (ASIC) sued Fortescue and Forrest about a contract regarding the Port Hedland and a railway was to be built to connect the mine and the port. Fortescue signed a contract with three Chinese corporations, included China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC), China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) and China Metallurgical Construction Corporation (CMCC) during August and November 2004. The three contracts were signed separately and being combined to be known as “Framework Agreement”. During August and November 2004, Forrest released a press that Fortescue had entered into a binding contract with CREC to build and finance a project which included construction of the railway. In March 2005, Australian Financial Review published an article stated that framework agreements were not legally binding. One year later, ASIC began proceedings to Mr Forrest and Fortescue in the Federal Court of Australia. Finally, ASIC was successfully in obtaining orders that Fortescue breached misleading or deceptive conduct in section 1041 H of the Corporations Act 2001, Fortescue breached...
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...Introduction: The primary purpose of financial and accounting management is to organize, plan, control and direct the financial and accounting activities, but to ensure that every stakeholder is adequately served. The effectiveness of financial and accounting management, therefore purely depends on the policies, regulations and frameworks that are designed and being evolved from time to time. According to Gray, Owen and Adams (1996) financial management is the core business discipline which is meant to ensure that financial resources are deployed in the most effective manner, within the best interest of every group of stakeholder. Moreover, the importance the financial management also increases in current business context because of the fact that economic and financial contexts have become uncertain and unpredictable in every region across the world. At the other end, financial management also supports the business activities and operations which include investment decision making, pricing, financial reporting as well as to meet the legal and regulatory obligations. This report also focuses on the different aspects of financial analysis and management to reflect its validity, reliability and usability in practice. The purpose of this report is to understand and examine the different aspects of financial management, which will be helpful to understand the effectiveness of financial management and its different aspects. In order to achieve the report’s objectives, below paper...
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...INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 200 OBJECTIVE AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after June 15, 2006)∗ CONTENTS Paragraph Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Objective of an Audit of Financial Statements .............................................. 2-3 Ethical Requirements Relating to an Audit of Financial Statements ............. 4-5 Conduct of an Audit of Financial Statements ................................................ 6-9 Scope of an Audit of Financial Statements .................................................... 10-14 Professional Skepticism ................................................................................. 15-16 Reasonable Assurance ................................................................................... 17-21 Audit Risk and Materiality ............................................................................. 22-32 Responsibility for the Financial Statements ................................................... 33-36 Determining the Acceptability of the Financial Reporting Framework ......... 37-48 Expressing an Opinion on the Financial Statements ...................................... 49-51 Effective Date ................................................................................................ 52 ∗ ISA 315, “Understanding...
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...Higher National Diploma in Business Part time UNIT 10: Financial Accounting and Reporting Unit Learning Outcomes 1 2 3 4 Understand the regulatory framework for financial reporting Be able to prepare financial statements from complete or incomplete records Be able to present financial information in accepted formats for publication Be able to interpret financial statements. BUSINESS SCENARIO You are a newly appointed consultant in XYZ Financial Consultant Company. You provide financial consultancy to multiple different companies. One of your clients is a very successful retail company that has a partnership company structure. The board is contemplating an adaption of IFRS and more formal reporting as they are expanding the business. The company is in retail business in the UK and has shops that sell food, clothing and house hold items. TASK 1: LO1 Individual Report – submission due: 30th January 2016 The senior management of the company have requested you to provide a report on the following 1.1 describe the different users of financial statements and their needs 1.2 Explain the legal and regulatory influences on financial statements 1.3 Assess the implications for users. What are the advantages for this global harmonisation? 1.4 Explain how different laws/regulations are dealt with by accounting and reporting standards. Please provide examples. M2 to Achieve a Merit Grade, you should be able to: M2 -- The discussion should indicate that...
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...current financial reporting environment in Sri Lanka and its impact on the companies listed on the Colombo stock exchange. Hotel SIGIRIYA PLC has been chosen to study the financial reporting requirements, cultural impacts and the political influences on the Sri Lankan listed companies. 1. Financial Reporting Environment in Sri Lanka 2.1. Current financial reporting requirements for publically listed companies in Sri Lanka. In August 2007, two stages were adopted by Sri Lankan accounting standards regulators to form the international Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). They traversed from Stage I of IFRS Adoption to Stage III, due to the result of a “gap” between the international and national sets of standards in Sri Lanka. However, on 1 January 2012, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (ICASL) successfully adopted IFRS. (eStandards Forum, 2008, p. 5). According to the Colombo Stock Exchange (2014) a requirement for a listed entity is that it must “ensure that the annual report is issued to the Entity’s shareholders and shall not exceed five (05) months from the close of the financial year of the Listed Entity when given to the Exchange”. Furthermore, publishing of the Audited Financial Statements must be in accordance with the Sri Lanka Accounting Standards. (Colombo Stock Exchange 2014 -Listing Rules s.7.5 pg4) The Colombo Stock Exchange (2014) also requires an Interim Financial Statement prepared by the listed entity. The Financial Statement...
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...An Assignment on “DEMUTUALIZATION” Course: Security Analysis & Portfolio Management (4203) Assigned By Dr. Mahmuda Akter Professor Dept. of Accounting & Information System University Of Dhaka Assigned To, Md. Robiul Alam Section-A, ID-16058, A&IS 16th Batch Dept. of Accounting & Information System University Of Dhaka Submission Date-20july,2013 Demutualization-A preface Metallization is the process by which a joint stock company changes legal form to a mutual organization or a cooperative, so that the majority of the stock is owned by employees or customers. Demutualization or privatization is the reverse process. Demutualization is the current trend among stock exchanges all over the world. It is the process of converting an organization from a mutual entity to a shareholder owned corporate body. Traditionally, stock exchanges operated as club-like mutual organizations where traders/brokers were the owners of the exchange as well as recipients of its services. Many stock exchanges operated on a not-for-profit basis; excess income was not distributed among the members as profit. The members were the owners of the exchange and also its customers. This is a distinguishing feature of traditional exchanges. On the other hand, in a profit making corporate body, the owners, decision makes and customers are three separate groups. By demutualization, an exchange’s mutual ownership structure is changed to a share ownership structure, therefore...
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...Compilation of Financial Statements 2011 AR Section 80 Compilation of Financial Statements Issue date, unless otherwise indicated: December 2009 See section 9080 for interpretations of this section. Source: SSARS No. 19 .01 This section establishes standards and provides guidance on compilations of financial statements. The accountant is required to comply with the provisions of this section whenever he or she is engaged to report on compiled financial statements or submits financial statements to a client or to third parties. Establishing an Understanding .02 The accountant should establish an understanding with management regarding the services to be performed for compilation engagements1 and should document the understanding through a written communication with management. Such an understanding reduces the risks that either the accountant or management may misinterpret the needs or expectations of the other party. For example, it reduces the risk that management may inappropriately rely on the accountant to protect the entity against certain risks or to perform certain functions that are management's responsibility. The accountant should ensure that the understanding includes the objectives of the engagement, management's responsibilities, the accountant's responsibilities, and the limitations of the engagement. In some cases, the accountant may establish such understanding with those charged with governance. .03 An understanding with management and...
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...Name: Long Pham Course: Acc 420 Date: 09/30/13 Writing Assignment 1 The convergence of financial reporting and accounting standards is a valuable process that contributes to the free flow of global investment and achieves substantial benefits for all capital markets stakeholders. It improves the ability of investors to compare investments on a global basis and thus lowers their risk of errors of judgment. It facilitates accounting and reporting for companies with global operations and eliminates some costly requirements. It has the potential to create a new standard of accountability and greater transparency, which are values of importance to all market participants including regulators. It reduces operational challenges for accounting firms and focuses their value and expertise around an increasingly unified set of standards. It creates an unprecedented opportunity for standard setters and other stakeholders to improve the reporting model. Convergence is a long-term process. While it may take years to reach the important goal of a single set of standards, progress has already been achieved. Current accounting and reporting practices fall short of meeting the information needs of the capital markets in the 21st century. A critically important element in the solution to this problem is the convergence of US GAAP and IFRS, a process now under way at an early stage. The goal is an improved reporting model built on principle-based standards that can be applied in a cost-effective...
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...is the worst financial shock experienced by the region to date. Today, more than two years later, its devastating effects are still being felt as the government continues to struggle with the bailout to stabilize the financial system, mitigate contagion risk, and resolve the CLICO crisis. Even one year after the bailout, there was still no resolution of the crisis. In view of the intractable nature of the CLICO collapse, the People’s Partnership government that came to power on May 24, 2010 established a commission of enquiry to investigate the causes of CLICO’s collapse, the scope of the MOU, the cost of the bailout, and the failure to provide a bailout to the Hindu Credit Union (HCU) that collapsed in 2008. There are many questions that are still unanswered. What were the root causes of CLICO’s collapse? What corporate governance structures and practices precipitated the collapse? Did the bailout create moral hazard? Who or what was to blame for the collapse? What action has the government taken to date? What lessons have been learnt and, more importantly, how can this situation be prevented from being repeated in the future? This concept paper examines these questions, analyzes the evidence to find answers, and in the conclusion, suggests ways to improve corporate governance and the empowerment of regulators to provide competent regulatory oversight and enforcement. Key words: financial collapse, bailout, corporate governance, moral hazard, political influence, risk management ...
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...Since they were issued in 1999, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance have gained worldwide recognition as an international benchmark for good corporate governance. They are actively used by governments, regulators, investors, corporations and stakeholders in both OECD and non-OECD countries and have been adopted by the Financial Stability Forum as one of the Twelve Key Standards for Sound Financial Systems. The Principles are intended to assist in the evaluation and improvement of the legal, institutional and regulatory framework that influences corporate governance. They also provide guidance for stock exchanges, investors, corporations, and others that have a role in the process of developing good corporate governance. The Principles should be viewed as a living document. This revised version takes into account developments since 1999 and includes several important amendments. The revision has benefited greatly from extensive public consultations. This revised version of the OECD Principles was agreed by the OECD member countries on 22 April 2004. For any comments, questions or suggestions concerning the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, please contact the Corporate Affairs Division of the OECD at: corporate.affairs@oecd.org. For more information about the OECD’s work in the area of corporate governance and the OECD Principles, visit: www.oecd.org/daf/corporate/principles. OECD's books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available...
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...1A. Benefits that SEC believes will result from global accounting standardization through convergence: The SEC encourages the convergence of IFRS and GAAP because it believes that doing so will benefit U.S investors. The incorporation of IFRS in GAAP will protect the investors, maintain the fair representation of financial statements and increase comparability and material information for investors to make better decisions. The primary benefit will be the reduction in discrepancies in financial statements among different countries around the world. “SEC, with convergence, wants to reduce regulatory impediments to cross-border capital transactions that result from disparate national accounting standards.” [3] As noted on pages 5 and 8, paragraph 2 and 3 respectively, some additional benefits are: ● “Greater comparability for investors across firms and industries on a global basis; ● Reduced listing costs for companies with multiple listings; ● Increased competition among exchanges; ● Better global resource allocation and capital formation; ● Lowered cost of capital ● A higher global economic growth rate ● Improved financial statement comparability among companies worldwide; ● Streamlined accounting processes for multinational companies; and ● Easier access to foreign capital and improved liquidity, leading to a reduced cost of capital” [5,8] 1B. Areas of concern within the SEC’s work plan before execution of the use of IFRS by us issuers: “A Work Plan...
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... 21 - 23 References and Bibliography: 24 - 25 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) versus Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): If so, what is the significance of knowing the better accounting method to use when identifying environmental cost? It has become indispensable for companies to increase their responsibility regarding all facets of the environment and to acclimatize existing practices to cause limited environmental impairment; more especially at this present time when stakeholders linger ‘bitterly’ about how corporate failure have influence organization’s environmental performance and measurement issues. Yoking this emergent obligation within the corporate sector is consequently a strategic component in any strategy for accomplishing the goal of sustainable development; and evaluating the viability of such a strategy requires both the resolution of scientific and manufacturing problems; and also the attention of how organization’s account for environmental cost to demonstrate their corporate social responsibilities. The Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and the Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA) are the two mainstream accounting approaches that have allowed an upsurge in the demand for relevant information to augment...
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