...Recognize principles that underlie legal reasoning and argument There are several principles that underlie legal reasoning and argument. The first two are probably the most common and easily digestible in supporting an argument. These two principles of moral reasoning are the consistent and inconsistencies of principle; principle consistency establishes framework for repetitive pattern. What is presented is identical in all instances and shows no differences in relevant way; therefore the outcome should always be the same (Cheesebro, 2010). Second principle occurs when it appears violations are occurring with the consistency principle, which then bears a burden of proof is the person claiming such act (Cheesebro, 2010). If at work all employees were afforded their birthday off with the exception of one, then this would be a violation of the consistency principle and the burden of proof is easily delivered. When it comes to arguments, jurist and attorneys uses deductive and inductive reasoning; if deductive, the reasoning can be sound, valid, or invalid; and if indicative, it can range from strong to weak (Cheesebro, 2010). Arguments in court are submitted with a precedent case as a foundation to present a winning argument; this is the appeal to precedent (Cheesebro, 2010). According to “Case Briefs” (2015) website sites the Rule of Law where as “Statutes that make criminal all abortions except when medically advised for the purpose of saving the life of the mother are...
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...This film explores the concepts of the complexities of legal ethics and grey areas. There were many situations in this film that displayed “grey area cases”. The first example was when Remmy Bressant admitted to planting evidence. Though this is legally wrong, morally, he did what he thought was the best for the child. He said that he only did it because he wanted to give the child another chance at life. Another situation that dealt with legal ethics was when Patrick shot and killed the man who molested Johnny. Obviously, you cannot kill someone who raises both of their arms. However, morally, he did what he wanted to. Morally, he thought that he deserved to die. And finally, the most “grey” of all situations was when Lieutenant Doyle and Remmy Bressant teamed up together. Doyle kidnapped a child. It is against the law to kidnap a child. Just because morally, it may have been the best for Amanda, it does not make it legal. I think that there is a very fine line between always adhering to the rules and going with our morals. The thing is that, our moral are somewhat based on the rules set by society. We form our morals based off societal norms thus, most of the time, by adhering to your morals, you are also adhering to the laws. However, we can see that in some cases this is not true. Therefore, I believe that you should adhere to the rules. Everyone’s morals are different. So, if everyone were to follow their morals over the law, it would all become too chaotic. People would...
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...Thought-Piece 2 Relativism, Cultural and Moral People in different cultures, as well as people within a given culture, hold different moral views on particular issues. Some members of our society believe that abortion is immoral, and others believe that it is morally permissible. Thus, it is very important that we distinguish what is often called cultural and moral relativism. Differing views regarding the morality of a given action or practice may be the result of a number of factors. Two societies may basically and ultimately disagree on moral principles, but the disagreement may also be on many other levels. For instance, two societies may adhere to a basic principle: What helps the society flourish is moral and what hinders it is immoral. Differing conditions therefore provide a reason for holding different actions to be moral or immoral. A society’s factual beliefs also affect what it holds to be moral or immoral. Some societies believe what is false. To some extent, this is probably true of all societies. However, most societies are aware that they obtain more and more factual knowledge as they develop and progress in life. Just as a society may be mistaken about the proofs, so it may be mistaken about some of its moral judgements. The saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” has limited applicability. One clearly should observe local etiquette and other such customs in countries other than one’s own. So, when in Rome, one should indeed do as the Romans...
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...La Ética Si buscamos en un diccionario podemos encontrar como ética lo siguiente, “es una rama de la filosofía que abarca el estudio de la moral, la virtud, el deber, la felicidad y el buen vivir”. Sin embargo, la definición de ética, puede variar de persona en persona. Los valores que tenga el ser humano y su crianza son fundamentales para el desarrollo de un individuo íntegro, recto y con una conducta intachable. Es decir, la ética es una combinación de valores, integridad, moral y responsabilidad. En los entornos laborales podemos encontrar todo tipo de conductas e individuos. Diariamente y sobre todo en días recientes, hemos visto un alza en actos que definitivamente faltan a la ética, sobre todo a nivel de gobierno. En el ámbito laboral en el cual me desempeño, que también es gobierno, lamentablemente existen individuos con gran carecimiento de valores. Muchas veces la ambición por el poder y dinero hacen que estas personas incurran en actos corruptos violentando todo tipo de procesos e incurriendo en conductas impropias faltando a la ética. Desde utilizar material de trabajo para uso personal hasta apropiarse de grandes cantidades de dinero y/o equipos, son acciones que puedo mencionar que ocurren en mi agencia de trabajo. No obstante, en mi carácter personal y vida diaria, intento de poner en práctica en todo momento, los valores que desde pequeña me fueron inculcados. De esta forma evito en todo momento caer en conductas que puedan manchar mi imagen como servidor...
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...Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Lenny L. Ocasio Reyes MGT/216 Organizational Ethics and Social Responsibility 3 de abril de 2012 Prof. Evelyn Muñoz Figueroa Ethical and Moral Issues in Business A pesar de que la moral y la ética se relacionan comúnmente con carácter individual, la ética y la moral se aplican también a los negocios. De acuerdo con la definición de la ética, la ética en los negocios centra más en la conducta a través de las expectativas, los principios y normas que rigen un individuo o grupo. La ética también hacen hincapié en un sistema social a la que la moral se aplican las buenas costumbres, sin influir en el comportamiento ético en el trabajo, nos topamos con cuestiones que afectan a la forma que los empleados realizan y se comportan. La moralidad consiste en las reglas de la conducta humana, y especifica que ciertas acciones son incorrectas o inmorales y que otros están en lo cierto o moralmente en lo incorrecto. La diferencia entre los problemas éticos y cuestiones morales se basa en el carácter de un individuo y su comportamiento en función de su entorno. En relación con el negocio, las cuestiones morales son la mala conducta individual en el lugar de trabajo. En los negocios se considera que es una actividad humana y los individuos pueden ser evaluados en esta actividad como cualquier otra actividad que los seres humanos participen. En los negocios, un fondo moral que se espera de las personas empleadas por los empleadores y cuando las...
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...Filosofía Política Nº 8/2008. http://racionalidadpractica.blogspot.com/2007/10/tica-profesional.html Introducción Antes de iniciar el tema, quisiera plantearme la siguiente pregunta: ¿en qué contexto hablamos de ética profesional? ¿Cuál es la importancia de este tema en nuestro contexto nacional? Sabemos que la corrupción social se ha agudizado desde los años 90, en la cual han participado profesionales de distintas carreras como de diversas universidades y estratos sociales. El espacio político terminó corrompiendo la actividad profesional. Ante tal evento, la actividad profesional debe recobrar su sentido a partir de la afirmación de su propio espacio, que es el espacio público. Desde ahí puede ayudar a recobrar el sentido de la moral social tan venida a menos. No es pues este tema uno entre otros, sino uno que afecta al entramado social. Entender el papel de la ética en las profesiones requiere entender las profesiones, su devenir y naturaleza. Desde ahí podremos comprender que hablar de ética profesional no es simplemente un asunto adicional de buena voluntad, sino que es aquello que le da sentido a la práctica profesional. Por eso nuestro artículo quiere esclarecer el concepto, al hacerlo quedará claro la función de la ética profesional. Así, dividiré el artículo en las siguientes partes: i) presentar el significado de la ética en la vida humana; ii) el bosquejo histórico de las profesiones; iii) luego, el sentido de la profesión; iv) la profesión como una actividad...
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...Primer Avance Ensayo Una sociedad sin consecuencias Conflicto entre Moralidad y Legalidad 6/10/2010 Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey Lorenzo Cárdenas Rubio 1042405 Una sociedad sin consecuencias Conflicto entre Ética, Moral y Legalidad En el México actual que nos tocó vivir, la sociedad está inmersa en un fallido estado de derecho, en una sociedad donde la ley no tiene, ni un valor ni un respeto real. Esta manera de vivir no es algo que surgió de la noche a la mañana sino que se fue construyendo gracias a que en nuestro país principalmente en nuestra cultura se vive bajo un esquema de pocas o nulas consecuencias. Esto debido a que de acuerdo a la circunstancias, se obtiene un perdón de la sociedad a pesar de que se irrumpió la ley. Un perdón repetitivo basado en compasión que acumulado tiene a México en la situación en la que se encuentra sin un respeto a la legalidad. Y conforme se vaya desarrollando el ensayo veremos que la legalidad va peleada con la moral debido a que la primera es dictada por el hombre capaz de caer en prácticas poco éticas que la ponen constantemente en tela de jucio mientras que la segunda es producto de una serie de etapas y razonamiento. Por lo que llegar a una conclusión va a ser muy difícil Datos empíricos El próximo 3 de octubre comienza en la Corte del Distrito de Tuscon, Arizona, un juicio contra dos jóvenes estadounidenses acusados de "transportar a inmigrantes ilegales". Los dos formaban parte...
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..." TER 1 Wat Is Morality. I \\·e are discussing nd-sm~ll matter, but how we ought to live. SOCRATES, AS REPORTED BY PLATO IN THE REPUBliC (CA. 390 B.C.) 1.1. The Problem of Definition Moral philosophy is the attempt to achieve a systematic under standing of the nature of morality and what it requires of us in Socrates's words, of "how we ought to live,r and why. :It would be helpful, therefore, if we could begin with a simple, uncon !roversial defiuition of what lIJ,Qrality is. But that tums out to be impossible. There are many rival theories, each expounding a different conception of what it means to live morally, and any definition that goes beyoud Socrates's simple formulation is bound to offend one or another of them. This should make us cautious, but it need not paralyze us. In this chapter I will describe what I call the "minimum con ception" of morality. As the name suggests, the minimum con ception is a core that every moral theory should accept, at least as a starting point. We will begin by examining some recent moral controversies. The features of the minimum conception will emerge from our consideration of these examples. 1.2. An Infant with No Prospects: Baby Theresa Theresa Ann Campo Pearson, an anencephalic infant known to the public as "Baby Theresa," was bom in Florida in 1992. Anen cephaly is amoll'g the worst cong~nital disorders. Anencephalic infants are sometimes referred to as "babies without brains," and . dlls gives...
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...other countries products that have been banned or declared hazardous in the United States (Shaw, 2010, pg. 43). Based on the definition alone it seems that it would not only be immoral but illegal to promote dumping; however even if dumping was considered legal it does not make it moral. According to our textbook, “Legality should not be confused with morality. Breaking the law isn’t always or necessarily immoral and the legality of an action doesn’t guarantee its morality” (Shaw, 2010, pg. 12). It is understandable that any company would want to make a profit, or in times of loss whenever possible recover from a bad investment; however the decisions that are made in these times should not be focused solely on monetary recovery. The company needs to consider how its actions will affect others as well as moral consequences. In the case study it refers to companies who bypass the law by selling the products separately and later combine them to create the product that is illegal, although this could be considered legal it is simply a bad moral choice. It is morally wrong to make a choice to protect one group of people while ignoring the safety of another, which is exactly what occurs in the process of dumping. Moral considerations that would support dumping products overseas, even though this violates U.S. law, could be made based on the needs of those in the foreign countries. It could be said that other countries should be free to decide for themselves whether or not...
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...McCaskey, p 11) Malone makes what Hosmer would refer to as a management level decision which causes a pervasive moral problem that directly affects Martha McCaskey. As McCaskey we in no way have promised to come through on the proprietary information which Devon can provide to the Silicon 6 project, however Malone has made it impossible for the information to not be given. Our decision to leave the Industry Analysis Division is “based on the value judgments of purpose, or what we feel to be truly important in life” (Hosmer, p. 12). To make the decision to lie to Devon and request proprietary information is something which we know to be against not only the law, but our morals and judgment. In making our decision we first looked at how we would morally feel about lying to an individual, none of us felt this to be proper in a business context. However, knowing this to be something common to Martha’s profession we knew that if we were in her position we may need to bend the truth at times. However, what solidifies our decision to not interview further Devon and to ultimately leave the Industrial Analysis Division is that in getting the proprietary information we would break the law. Breaking the law to Hosmer would be going against a set of rules which have been established by society to govern our behavior in order to maintain a standard of rightness and to “guide to moral choice” (Hosmer, p. 59). By us not doing the interview for the proprietary information and by leaving the company...
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...appropriate and what is allowable on the job. Ethics by itself is really a relative idea: everything that could be seen as ethical within one culture may not be regarded as so in another. Likewise, everything that may be authorized in 1 nation may not be legitimate in another. Integrity could be affected by financial situations, ethnic circumstance, background and additional factors. For an example, price fixing is definitely an unlawful practice within our nation (USLegal, 2010,) however in several nations around the world it is still authorized as well as morally okay. It ought to be cleared up though that legitimateness isn't a test regarding integrity: there are numerous procedures that are lawful, however obviously not ethical. Moral views are generally categorized in 4 groups: personality; responsibility; outcomes; and also fairness. Personality describes performing what's appropriate, instead of performing what you can do (Copp, 2005). Responsibility describes determining whether or not activities are wrong or right, rather than considering whether or not the outcomes are positive or negative (Copp, 2005). An outcome is about the thought that an action's ethical worth will be assessed from the enjoyment and also pleasure this...
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...wealth; yet, absolutely no one is above it. That facet alone places it in a class all its own. Everyone must yield to its magnitudes. Yet, in all its magnitude there is no moral obligation to obey the law. We are faced with tough decisions day in and day out. There are many deciding factors that aid us in our decision making. One major factor is our moral judgment. Morality may differ from one individual to the next, but the desire to live by them remains the same. When obeying the law comes into play it does not inflict, by any means, whether this moralistic trait determines your duty nor does it dictate cause to obey the law. Your moral duty is loyal to your own wellbeing and what in your own mind is best for your own person. Even if what you are doing is to benefit others your own person is being satisfied, and yes in some cases this may involve not obeying the law. And in many cases whether you obey the law or not the law does not change. So therefore your obligation to it in reality has no value to it, only to yourself and your own wellbeing. The law will not suffer consequence if not obeyed only the one not obeying it. We obey the law out of rational thought not morality. If you are a licensed driver passing through a reduced speed zone in a school district you will slow down and not speed not out of moral duty, but out of rational thought that I may hit a kid if I drive too fast or I may get a ticket, but whatever...
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...se pueden tomar para evadir estas situaciones. Planificación estratégica es el proceso de crear una declaración de la misión, visión, políticas y las decisiones funcionales para asegurar el éxito de las empresas. Ya que, el éxito de las empresas es el interés vital de los accionistas, ciertas consideraciones deben tenerse en cuenta en el proceso de planificación. Con los recientes escándalos en el mercado de negocios otras empresas están incorporando la ética y responsabilidad social en estos planes. El propósito de la ética y la planificación social es desarrollar relaciones con los clientes e imagen pública. Estos pasos pueden dificultar, en un grado, el rápido aumento de capital que conlleva las prácticas de poca ética, aunque legal, puedan producir. Sin embargo, la empresa ahorrará dinero en demandas y publicidad negativa a largo plazo. Las corporaciones ante decisiones difíciles tienen que tener en cuenta que las decisiones que deben hacer no sólo afectan a la empresa y los empleados que trabajan para la Corporación, pero afecta a las partes interesadas de las corporaciones y las comunidades públicas. Las decisiones tomadas aún deban mantener el mejor interés de todos los involucrados sin perder más de la corporación que lo que necesita que se pierdan. Las empresas tienen una gran responsabilidad a sus...
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...1. The Food and Drug Administration uses a pre-manufacturing screening program for determining the marketability of a new child related product, whereas, the Puerto Rico Department of Consumers Affairs (DACO) relies on recall action for similar products. Can you think of any rationale other than historical accident for the difference in regulatory approaches between these two agencies, the federal and the local? La administración de alimentos y drogas (FDA), es una agencia del gobierno de los EU, que es responsable de regular los alimentos, medicamentos, cosméticos, aparatos médicos, productos biológicos y derivados sanguíneos. También se encargan de inspeccionar a fabricantes o procesadores de productos regulados para verificar que se cumplan con los reglamentos pertinentes. Tales como: fabricantes de vacunas y medicamentos, bancos de sangres, instalación de producción de alimentos, granjas lecheras entre otros. Asimismo inspeccionan a instalaciones que realizan estudios con personas, sitios extranjeros de manufactura y procesamiento de productos y productos importados en la frontera. Además, realizan varios tipos de inspecciones para ayudar a proteger a los consumidores de productos peligrosos. No obstante, el Departamento de Asuntos al Consumidor en Puerto Rico (DACO), se encargan de controlar la inacción, defender los derechos del consumidor, educar sobre sus derechos, al igual que deberes al adquirir un bien o servicio, y establecen un control de precios sobre artículos...
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...Nota del Autor Gustavo Pérez-Oriol, División Latina en línea, Keiser University. Correspondencia sobre este artículo debe ser dirigida a Nombre Completo del Estudiante, División Latina en línea, Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309. Correo electrónico: gperez-oriol@estudiante.keiseruniversity.edu “El acoso sexual se refiere a los avances sexuales no deseados, solicitud de favores sexuales, y otra el acoso verbal o física de naturaleza sexual. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con la EEOC, también puede incluir comentarios ofensivos sobre el sexo de una persona. Tanto la víctima y el acosador puede ser una mujer o un hombre, y la víctima y el acosador pueden ser del mismo sexo” (Snell & Bohlander, 2013). 1. Cuando nos referimos al acoso sexual o conocido en el lenguaje de recursos humanos como acoso sexual quid pro quo, toma lugar cuando la exposición de la actividad sexual se combina estrechamente a las ofertas de empleo, así como la negación de una promoción merecida por el empleado y que no es justificada en términos éticos y profesionales. Si una autorización de beneficios está determinada con el hecho de recibir un favor sexual, a cambio de una oferta al empleado que esta relacionada con aumentos salariales y bonos, promociones, estudios pagados y demás beneficios positivos por parte del empleador son ejemplos claro de acoso sexual y la inmediata intervención del departamento de recursos humanos. El concepto de acoso sexual es definitivamente...
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