...Madeleine Leininger’s Trancultural nursing theory overview and clinical application Introduction and background “ A lack of cultural and care knowledge is the missing link to nursing’s understanding of the many variations required in patient care.” (Sitzman, Eichelberger, 2011, p. 93). Madeleine Leininger first developed the transcultural nursing theory in the 1950’s. She had an epiphany during some time spent in a child guidance home. She deduced that the reoccurring behavior patterns in the children had an underlying cultural basis (Sitzman, Eichelberger, 2011). She formed a theory of Culture Care to improve the way people of multiple cultures are being cared for in hospitals and other care centers. Leininger preferred to address patient care as a holistic project and incorporated her theory to caring about the patient’s mental and emotional wellbeing as it relates to a patient’s cultural comfort level with any particular medical procedure or nursing care protocol. She addressed the need to change nursing from a merely physical and physiological care of a patient into a more encompassing role of addressing cares as they relate to culture and religious beliefs of patients (Leininger, 1992, p. 1). This paper will define the theory and discuss cliical applications of this theory. Culture, caring, diversity and values are keywords one observes in this Theory’s basic tenets. Basic assumptions one sees from reading a summarized listing of the theory’s tenets are that...
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...and information, nursing science adds relevance to the care of patients in health and disease. Nursing theories provide guidance to researchers and educate nurses (Keefe, 2011) to look at different approaches in caring for their patients. This paper will show how one theorist most influenced the development of nursing research. The 1990's was the decade for research and expanded nursing theory. This period elevated the use of evidence-based and best practices in nursing (George, 2011). Transcultural Nursing was introduced in 1992 by Madeline Leininger. Leininger’s theory says that the goal of nursing care is to” provide care congruent with cultural values, beliefs, and practices’ (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). The cultural and sociocultural factors of each person affects how they take on factors, meanings, and expressions of health and caring systems. This theory has wide applicability in different settings. The interest is focused on nurses becoming culturally competent so they can provide appropriate nursing care to a growing culturally/ethnically diverse patient population. Nursing paradigms show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing. Leininger is the proponent of Transcultural Nursing and Human Care Theory. According to Cohen (1991), Leininger’s definition of caring states “caring is the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing”. The key to Leininger’s belief is that human caring is universal, but the expressions...
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...Theory Congruence with Current Nursing Standards The Texas Board of Nursing (TX BON) states “A professional nurse is responsible for providing safe, compassionate, comprehensive nursing care to patients and their families with complex healthcare needs” (Practice- Registered Nurse n.d.). One of the standards set forth by TX BON is “the maintenance of health, or prevention of illness”. Leininger’s theory says when an individual’s cultural expectations are not met or overlooked can delay progress or lead to worsening health. A nurse is not able to maintain health or prevent illness if he/she is faced with the obstacle lacking cultural knowledge and awareness. Therefore, nurses must approach each patient encounter uniquely with what is learned through literature and from clinical experiences in developing a nursing care plan. Another scope of practice defined by TX BON is the supervision and...
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...Dr. Madeleine Leininger BRIEF OVERVIEW According to Creasia&Friberg, 2011, Nursing theories are composed of Concepts and propositions that characterize the central occurrences of interest to nursing discipline to include: person, environment, health /illness, and nursing. Dr. Madeline Leininger has drawn from a background in cultural and social anthropology and applied it to her model which is now known as Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory. The theory was initiated from clinical experiences recognizing that culture and a holistic concept was the missing link in nursing knowledge and practice (Leininger, 1988). This presentation will take a look at how person, environment, health/illness, and nursing are greatly affected by different cultures and subcultures. Nurses are responsible for taking care of not only our own communities, but an ever-growing world around us. The ultimate goal of this theory is to provide culturally appropriate nursing care (Leininger, 1988). BACKGROUND OF THEORIST MODEL Dr. MadeleineLeiningeris called “a living legend”. She was born in Sutton, Nebraska in July 13, 1925. As a Nurse, anthropologist, teacher, mentor and visionary she became the founder of the Transcultural Nursing Movement. She was the one who proclaimed that “the world was fast becoming a global community and nurses needed to be able to recognize it and deliver culturally competent care”. (Leininger , 1988) Dr. Leininger earned her nursing diploma from St.Anthony's Hospital...
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...Culture Care Diversity and Universality Biography of Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger’s theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was developed in the 1960’s. The idea for this self-developed theory was constructed after Leininger recognized that nursing’s metaparadigm was missing two major components: care and culture (Leininger & McFarland, 2006). While working on a med-surg unit in the 1940’s, Leininger recognized many patients often reported that nursing care practices helped them get well, stay well, or adjust to another state of well-being ( Leininger & McFarland, 2006). In the 1950’s while working as a child psychiatric mental health nurse, Leininger realized the importance of culture in the care of children of different backgrounds (Leininger, 2001). From these experiences, Leininger reported thoughts of helplessness and culture shock due to her lack of knowledge of cultural factors that influenced nursing care. This led her to pursue doctorial studies in anthropology in the 1960’s. During this time, the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was developed. Brief Examination of Theory The general premise of this theory suggests that people of different cultures can define ways they experience and perceive nursing care and can also relate their experiences to their general health beliefs and practices (George, 2007). Leininger believed that people of different cultures can inform and direct professionals in such a manner to receive...
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...Providing Culturally Competent Care to a Native American Patient Introduction When caring for a Native American patient, it is imperative that the nurse provide culturally competent care. In this scenario, there are two main dimensions along which cultural tensions between the patient and the nurse can arise. The first pertains to the actual practices and values of Native American culture, which may be at odds with the practices and values of dominant healthcare institutions. The second is both broader and more subtle: it pertains to the historical relationship of the Native Americans peoples vis-à-vis mainstream U.S. society. After addressing both of these dimensions, suggestions will be made with respect to how a nurse could bridge this gap and provide culturally competent care for the Native American patient. To start with, it is important for the nurse to acknowledge that the Native American perspective on health may simply diverge from the default culture's perspective in some significant ways. For example, BigFoot and Funderburk (2011) have discussed how Native American conceptions of family are different from the contemporary norm, and how this results in the need to adapt nursing interventions in this sphere to the cultural context of Native Americans. Further, these alternative conceptions are often supported by a whole alternate philosophy of life: for example, while Native American culture certainly doesn't advocate passivity "in the face of grave potential...
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...of nurses being culturally competent. Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory is applied in many settings; including the critical care units. Critical care nurses work in high stress areas and must be culturally competent. According to the Critical Care Nursing (CCN) Journal, it is important for critical care nurses to establish a strong rapport with patients and their family members. Nurses need to have an understanding of patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices in order to follow the nursing process and provide a plan of care to meet the patient’s needs. According to the CCN journal “cultural competence is defined as developing an awareness of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting it have an undue influence on those from other backgrounds; demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the client’s culture; accepting and respecting cultural differences; adapting care to be congruent with the client’s culture” (Flowers, 2004, para 6). Metaparadigm “The nursing metaparadigm embodies the knowledge base, theory, philosophy, research, practice, and educational experience and literature identified with the profession” (Nursing Theories, 2013, para 2). Critical care nurses follow Leininger’s metaparadigm; person, health, nursing, and environment. * Person: people sincerely care about the wellbeing of others * Health: understanding the patient’s culture aids in his or her recovery...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Nursing Theories Dana Montgomery NUR/513 Mary Nicks Abstract Define caring? Caring is a critical element of caring in the profession of nursing. It is the groundwork approach that is utilized in day to day practice. Many theories have been studied in regards to caring. For the purpose of this paper, I will be discussing Marilyn Ann Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, Madeline Leininger’s Cultural Caring Theory, and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The Theory of Bureaucratic caring was created for a more multifaceted institute while the Cultural Caring theory identifies the need for cultural awareness in caring. Theory of Caring describes caring in a more methodical approach. The meaning of caring respectively has similar qualities, but the approaches are entirely different. This paper will elucidate on these three theories of caring, compare and analyze their concept definitions, and apply a specific theory to practice. Caring is defined as feeling and displaying concern or empathy for others. Nursing has become more convoluted with advancing technology and continuous changes, it can be very challenging. For an individual to become an efficient nurse they must have a positive perception of what caring is as it has become a vital part of nursing. Concepts are essential to theory development and have often been referred to as the building blocks or structural components of theory (Chinn & Kramer 1999). As a core concept...
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...The Journey into Cultural Care and Diversity in Nursing: A Personal Framework I have had the opportunity to work in many different areas of nursing, and have learned a great deal regarding cultural care and diversity among patients and their families. I have used my past experiences in each different unit and healthcare facility to improve my communication and rapport with my patients and their families to improve the continuity of care. I have been exposed to patients from different countries, cultures, and religions on a daily basis. I believe that it is crucial for the nurse to build a trusting non-judgmental relationship with the patient and their families to show compassion. When caring for patients I listen to their concerns, decrease the stress levels and improve communication and recovery. As a nurse I must take in consideration the culture and religion in which they come from, and care for them appropriately to avoid upset and miscommunication. My goal and focus is to use holistic care to provide the patient with a successful recovery. My personal framework paper will be expressing my own personal journey as a bedside nurse and using my own personal beliefs, values, and philosophies related to caring for culturally diverse patients. Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory, and the nursing metaparadigm will be discussed, and shown how it is incorporated into my daily nursing practice. Philosophy In McEwen and Wills (2011), Empiricism...
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...Professional Roles & Values Project Western Governors University A. Functional Difference Professional nursing organizations such as the Wisconsin Nurses Association (WNA) function as an advocate for registered nurses at the state level. The Wisconsin Nurses Assocation “works to protect, promote, and enhance the practice of professional nursing.” (“WISCONSINNURSES.ORG,” n.d.) The WNA encourages members to follow the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses, provides assistance with professional development, and represents nurses at the state and national level. As a member of the WNA I know my voice is heard in Madison and Washington D.C. due to the actions of political action committees. I have the Code of Ethics to guide my practice. And I have access to numerous resources such as workshops, webinars and conferences to assist in developing my professional career as an RN in the state of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Board of Nursing is a regulatory agency that is part of the Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services. “The Board of Nursing is involved in education, Legislation, licensing, and discipline of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), Registered Nurses (RNs), Nurse Midwives and Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers (APNP).” (“dsps.wi.gov/Boards –Councils/Board-Pages/Board-of-Nursing-Main-Page/,”n.d.) Chapter 441 of the Wisconsin State Statues provides an overview...
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...A BRIEF STUDY OF NURSING THEORIES ACCORDING TO FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, JEAN WATSON AND MADELEINE LEININGER TOLULOPE ADEDIWURA MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Nursing as a profession is based on concrete (scientific, philosophical, behavioral, social, and humanities among others), concepts and theories by past and current nursing theorists. These theorists have helped shape the profession from 19th century till date. New theories are emerging due to advance in health care, as off-shoot of previous theories and also as addition to suit present day application. This paper shall look at the works (theories) of Florence Nightingale; Environmental theory, Jean Watson; Human caring theory, and Madeleine Leininger; Culture care diversity and universality and how it relates with Minot State University’s mission statement and philosophy. In addition, the paper will venture into the merits and demerits of these theories. These nursing theorists viewed nursing differently but, have a common goal in aiming to deliver service to clients using different methods. This adds to the dynamism inherent in nursing profession and provides platform upon which improvements are made. Nightingale focuses on manipulating the environment to cater for health needs of patients and prevention of illnesses. Jean Watson presents a care approach view at nursing. She ultimately support the value of caring relationship in dealing with clients. While Madeleine Leininger stress the importance of cultural understanding...
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...Competent Care Standards Lori Houde Nur/531 Gregory Friesz December 17, 2012 As more people immigrate to this country, the need for culturally competent nursing care becomes more important. Hospitals, clinics, and doctors offices are now emphasizing the need for nurses to be aware of the diverse needs of many differing cultures. Learning and understanding Leininger’s transcultural nursing theory can assist the nurse in incorprating culturally competent care into their practice. Nursing standards regarding cultural commpetence are changing as more immigrants are entering this country and the health care system. Statistics According the the US Census Bureau in 2000 30% of the US population was an ethnicity other than non-hispanic whites. The projection is that it will reach 50% by the year 2050, while currently 90% of all nurses are caucasian (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Brought into working terms that means that if a nurse has a six patient assignment, approximately two of the six will be from another culture and have different needs and beliefs. Nursing care revolves around giving holistic care to each patient. In order to provide holistic care to patients the nurse must be aware of the individual needs of that patients. The patients cultural background will determine what those needs are. If a nurse is unaware of the cultural needs, there is no way to provide a plan of care to meet the individual needs. Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory Leininger’s culture care theory is the...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. This paper will examine each by comparing and contrasting on how each looks at caring. Leininger Madeline Leininger developed her first theories in the mid-1950s. Her main theory is transcultural nursing and caring theory. This theory was formed by an inadequate knowledge of cultural factors that represented a missing link to providing quality nursing care. Leininger believed that caring is universally present in all cultures (Nelson, 2006). Leininger’s definition of caring for nursing is “the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing’ It is critical to human growth, development and survival and has helped human beings through cultural evolution” (Cohen, 1991). Leininger’s transcultural theory of nursing her assumption human caring is a universal expression. However, patterns vary among different cultures. Caring has multiple dimensions of biophysical, psychological, cultural...
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...Vulnerable People in the Workplace Vulnerable People in the Workplace Paper Watson is a Nursing theorist who recognizes nursing as the art of caring and the need to treat each patient holistically (Watson, 2007). Leininger is another Nursing theorist who realized caring is unique and the core of nursing. According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory as cited by Maier-Lorentz (2008), on Transcultural Nursing, nurses need to be aware of various cultures and how to use this knowledge in their daily practice (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory addresses the need for cultural competency in health care. Communication with a patient can be affected by a patient’s culture. In addition, nurses need to avoid ethnocentric bias. In an effort to achieve a holistic approach to health care one must have an understanding of cultural factors that may affect proposed health care interventions. Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory can be hardwired with Watson’s Theory of Human Care to help achieve holistic care of the patient (Leininger & McFarland, 2002). In this paper I will discuss the design of a teaching program at my workplace to help raise awareness about vulnerable populations. According to De Chesney and Anderson (2008), issues with vulnerability can apply to population groups or individual people. De Chesney and Anderson (2008) discuss vulnerable populations that are at higher risk for health issues related to socioeconomic status, cultural issues, or environmental...
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...Being a nurse, one has the pleasure of caring for many different cultures throughout a lifetime career. Cultural competence is vital in caring for a person from another culture. Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 233) states “demonstrating to nurses the importance of considering the impact of culture on health and healing.” McEwen & Wills, (2014, p.233) reports “the goal for application of Leininger’s theory is to provide culturally congruent nursing care to persons of diverse cultures.” Purnell (2013) explains if the care plan doesn’t include the patient’s own health cultural viewpoints; the plan will more than likely not be followed. Native American people place high importance on their culture and heritage. Interacting with this unique group of people, becoming more knowledgeable, and culturally sensitive to their needs is the basis for this paper. By increasing knowledge and appreciating the Native American culture, nurses may improve communication to better care for their Native American patients. Even though the Native American population in Colorado is a mere 56,000, according to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, it has grown from 1.1 percent to 1.6 percent of...
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