...Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 1 - HOMEMADE BATTERIES Making and evaluating homemade batteries Author Ken Gadd, 4science, Stratford sub Castle, SP1 3YP, UK; ken@4science.org.uk Languages available English, Slovenian Summary Batteries power most of the portable electrical and electronic devices we use. Different types are available, suited for different uses. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. You can make a battery from a lemon, a piece of zinc and a piece of copper. So why don’t we use this instead of buying batteries from shops? In this activity you find out. You also explore other homemade batteries, including a seawater battery made by scientists in the BBC TV programme Rough Science. The purpose is to explore the potential of low technology homemade batteries as emergency power supplies. Activity type H Use of scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems Working in teams to solve problems Communication Resource/budget management Time and workload management Techniques Field Electrochemistry Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 2 - Time Practical lessons: 600 minutes Theory lessons: 120 minutes Out of class time: 360 minutes StandardBase procedures None StandardBase techniques None Other resources Zavod za šolstvo, Ljubljana (The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia), http://www.zrss.si/ Other resources are listed in the activity...
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...Lemon Battery Grade Level: 6 Strand: Energy and Control Topic: Transforming electrical energy into light Overall Expectations: design and construct a variety of electrical circuits and investigate ways in which electrical energy is transformed into other forms of energy Specific Expectations: investigate ways in which electrical energy can be transformed into other forms of energy (e.g., into light) Materials Needed: • 3 lemons • 3 shiny copper coins • 3 zinc plated screws • 4 wires, preferably with alligator clips on the ends. • a small knife • small paper sticky labels • a light emitting diode (LED) with a low voltage rating. We used part 276-330 from Radio Shack. • a plastic 35mm film canister or similar small container. Use an opaque one, preferable black, not one made of clear plastic. • a nail Procedure: • • • First, roll all of the lemons, one at a time until they feel squishy. The purpose of this is to release the juice inside the lemon. This step helps you get the maximum response from your lemons. Push and then twist a zinc-plated screw into one of the lemons about 1/3 of the way from one end. With the knife, carefully cut a 1 cm (3/4 in) slit into the lemon about 1/3 of the way from the other end. Insert a copper coin into the slit so that about half of the coin is inside the lemon. Note: Make sure you use a shiny new coin for this. If it is old and dull, polish it with steel wool. ...
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...For this experiment, you will need the following materials: 4 lemons or potatoes 4 galvanized nails 4 U. S. copper pennies (minted before 1982 due to the change in copper content) or 4 copper wires an LED light a knife 5 alligator test leads 3.)Using the knife, slice a penny-sized slit on the right side of your lemon. Push the penny far into the lemon, leaving a small area to hook your alligator jumper to. This will be your positive terminal. Now, create the negative terminal for your battery. Stick one of the galvanized nails into the left side of the lemon, about 2 inches away from the penny. It is important to have the nail and penny separated. If they touch, it will cause a short. Repeat this process until you have 4 complete batteries....
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...The objectives of “Lab 8: Lemon Car Competition” were to use redox reactions to store energy in capacitors, to learn about battery cells and construct a lemon citrus cell to power devices, and to build a vehicle powered by either a lemon battery or a capacitor to be entered in a competition. The competition objective was to win the competition. The winner was the vehicle with the highest competition ratio, which was calculated using Equation 1 below. To have the highest competition ratio, the cost and time traveled were minimized and the distance traveled was maximized. The designed vehicle came in last place along with three other vehicles because it did not travel. The car costed $3.50 and traveled 0 foot, so the competition ratio was zero....
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer Fruit Batteries Science Fair Project tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas Project Guidebook dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc © 2009 Supercharged Science By Aurora Lipper © 2009 Supercharged Science www.AwesomeScienceProjects.com Page 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................2 How to Use This Book: ................................................................................................................3 Materials List...............................................................................................................................5 Create a Science Fair Project with Fruit & Veggies .......................................................................6 Sample Data Sheet ....................................................................................................................10 Sample Report ................................................................
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...Stand Norberto Vargas DeVry University Lemonade Stand Informal Business Report INTRODUCTION The name of this Lemonade stand is “Lemon and its products” and its primary products in the market will be lemons and all other products that can be derived from lemons such as juices and lemon flavored baked products. Its main drive is to make these products readily available in the market, expand the business globally and help the society to have healthy living people. It will also be keen to giving back to the community through corporate social responsibility. The business pricing strategy will be on demand basis. The excess or shortage supply of raw materials and willingness/ability of the customers to purchase will affect the prices (Bovee & Thill, 2012). BRANDING STRATEGY The product will be branded in a manner that creates a great consumer experience with an emphasis of very high quality products that are natural, healthy and tasty. The packaging materials will bear a design and a logo that’s entirely unique and communicates of the company’s association to the product. The company will also consider a support service of free delivery within a certain area of operation to encourage consumers to buy products without visiting the stores (Bovee & Thill, 2012). Distribution will be considered on retail level of engagement since lemon products are perishable and cannot be stored for long. The retailer will be requested for to give some forms to customers with two to...
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...enjoy classical music or instrumental. It is soothing, relaxing and I need to be calm while trying to focus. I don’t always need music to study there are times when it just helps when redoing notes, but not while trying to read information to be retained. My second style was Naturalistic. I enjoy the outdoors or at least an outdoor setting inside if possible. I have moved my desk next to a window with plants hanging as well as sitting around my desk. I allow my pets to join me in the room, but I pet them and sit them down on their pillow or close to my feet. I enjoy the natural lighting from the window instead of the harsh desk lamp at night. The breeze that blows through the window is relaxing to me. I keep a diffuser of lemon oil going most of the time, lemon smell makes me happy and peaceful. I tried to set up my area that makes me comfortable since I knew Nursing School would require me to sit and study away from distractions at home. While spending a lot of time in that space I wanted to make it appealing to me, not dreading to be there. I hope that this will put me in the right frame of mind while studying and help me relax, retain information and learn. My last style was Visual. I chose this category style even though I scored the same as Body and Verbal. I believe this is an area I need to focus on more for school. I enjoy making flash cards to quiz myself or if I have a study group/partner. I think I learn more by free writing/bulleting, and lots of notes. Also I believe...
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...The Fruit Battery March 19, 2007 7th grade Abstract My objective was to determine which fruit would make the battery for a clock. Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gather all things needed for experiment. Wash hands for safety. Take the clock module and place fruit in the two holders. Remove plastic coatings at the end of all wires with scissors. Take the black cable and tie one end to the Zinc metal contact. 6. Take the blue cable and tie one end to the Zinc metal contact and the other end of the Copper metal contact. 7. 8. 9. Take the red cable and tie one end to the Copper metal contact. Insert the metal contacts to the fruit. Attach the black and red cable to the spring contacts. 10. Watch fruit generate energy to power the clock. 11. Adjust the time on the clock. 12. Set the date. 13. Set the month. 14. Set the day of the week. 15. Set the stopwatch. Results According to my experiments, the tomato was the best battery for a clock. The tomato has been used for a week and is still going. The tomato has the most acid. The lemon did not work at all. The apple lasted 1 day. The orange lasted 3 days. Conclusion My hypothesis was that the lemon and the orange will produce electricity for the longest period of time. The tests went well. The only problem that was encountered was the lemons not working. Table of Contents Section Page Question, Purpose, and Hypothesis…………………………..1 Review of Literature……………………………….................2 Materials and Procedures………………………………...
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...lajollamom.com suggesting 10 good reasons to drink warm water lemon in the morning. We all know that lemons has a lot of health benefits, but surprisingly this simple little drink can do more wonders for your body. Instead of getting a cup of coffee, why not replace it with a warm water lemon drink? Below are the good factors to consider. 1. Boosts your immune system: Lemons are high in vitamin C, which is great for fighting colds. They’re high in potassium, which stimulates brain and nerve function. Potassium also helps control blood pressure. * 2. Balances pH: Drink lemon water everyday and you’ll reduce your body’s overall acidity. Lemon is one of the most alkaline foods around. Yes, lemon has citric acid but it does not create acidity in the body once metabolized.2. Balances pH: Drink lemon water everyday and you’ll reduce your body’s overall acidity. Lemon is one of the most alkaline foods around. Yes, lemon has citric acid but it does not create acidity in the body once metabolized. 3. Helps with weight loss: Lemons are high in pectin fiber, which helps fight hunger cravings. It also has been shown that people who maintain a more alkaline diet lose weight faster. 4. Aids digestion: Lemon juice helps flush out unwanted materials. It encourages the liver to produce bile which is an acid that required for digestion. Efficient digestion reduces heartburn and constipation. 5. Is a diuretic: Lemons increase the rate of urination in the body, which helps purify...
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...HOW TO MAKE LEMON CUPCAKES Have you ever tried to make the perfect cupcake? And then, what if they do not turn out the way you expect them to be? The trend for a good sweet treat is lemon cupcakes. Some people think it will take hours to make a perfect cupcake. However, it just takes patience, the right ingredient, and a little effort. There are several steps to making lemon cupcakes. You will need 3 cups of self-rising flour, ½ tablespoon of salt, 1 cup unsalted butter, let these ingredients remain room temperature, add 1 cup white sugar, 4 eggs, at this point while your ingredients are still at room temperature, mix 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, 2 tablespoons lemon zest, along with 1 cup whole milk, and divided 2 ½ tablespoons fresh lemon juice. Now you will need to preheat your oven at 375 degrees F. Line 30 cupcake pan cups with paper liners, sift the self-rising flour and salt together in a bowl. In another bowl beat the unsalted butter and sugar with an electric mixer until light and fluffy, now you should beat in the eggs one at a time, beating each egg until incorporated before adding the next, mix in the vanilla extract and also lemon zest. We are now half way finish with the perfect lemon cupcakes. Gently beat the flour mixture into the butter mixture alternating with half milk and half lemon juice, to be completed after each of the first 2 additions of flour. You will need to beat this mixture until it combines, however, do not over mix. Fill each prepared...
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...Lemonade Stand: Part 2 Your Name Course Name Professor’s Name Date Lemonade Stand: Part 2 The company, John’s Lemons, is a lemonade stand engaged in the beverages business. Specifically, the company’s products are lemonades made up of lemon, sugar, water, and ice. Lemonades are popular drinks during the summer as it helps quench thirst because of the hot weather. Considering the low initial cost of putting up a lemonade business, there is substantial competition making it a highly competitive venture with a soaring market demand. Because of the tough competition, John’s Lemons formulated a plan that positions its products for success. As a result, this report outlines the company’s branding strategy, identification of possible new locations, promotional plans, and employee training opportunities. Branding Strategy For the purposes of creating a branding strategy for John’s Lemons, the remaining aspects of the marketing mix, namely, Product, Place, and Promotion, will be used. This will be done after identifying and dividing the market into various segments where customers will be grouped according to characteristics, needs, and behaviors. Product John’s Lemons will primarily offer lemonade to its customers. It is moderate in size and will be priced competitively. It will be known for its healthy, natural, flavorful, and well-known taste. The main objective is to create the image of a light and satisfying thirst quencher, a beverage that is not only appropriate...
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...Lemonade Stand Business Strategy Preview In the United States, ‘lemonade on wheels’ is a start up company in the field of the Beverage industry. Since the company is new, there would be a chain of stands across the city. The main products served at the stand will be Lemon juices in various flavors’ according to the taste, quantity and packages. The products are not age targeted and hence specific for all. Since it is a startup business, the plans for the company includes making its popularity by promoting the products in the market by very basic procedures. Name of the lemonade stand and its importance The name of the company has been kept as ‘Lemonade on wheels’. The reason behind choosing its purpose was to have mobility in the stands. The stand will be mini vans. It will have one compartment where fresh lemonade would be prepared and served. There will be a second compartment where the chairs for the customers be kept. The consumers will have their seats in the shape of wheels outside the van. The seating arrangements for the customers would be such that all the chairs would get packed inside the van when the day gets completed. The basic idea for ‘lemonade on wheels’ is that the position of the van can be changed according to the costumers and timings and be easily set. Secondly, it is intended to channelize the popularity of the product as a brand name as lemonade that is served on wheels. Mission statement and its Significance Lemonade on wheels mission statement...
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...Lemon Lime Student Name BUSN 115 Assignment I Professor DeVry University I am currently in the City of Panama, and as I travel on an expected business trip for the company that I work for, I find myself creating the name brand of my first business. A business that I think it might have great potential in the near future. But that it also comes with a few questions in mind. Let’s explore some of this questions one by one. -Develop a creative name for your Lemonade Stand, and then explain why a name is important when you are considering branding options? The name of my business will be call, “Lemon Lime” I see this name very catchy as it is a hybrid of the two of the many types of lemons around the world. The name will reflect what I am and what I can do as a business person, as person or company with integrity and ethics value. But is not just for me or my employees is for my target consumers, the thousands of people in my local area as that’s where I plan to start my business from or perhaps the millions of people around the world. Or as Bovee and Thill says “It gives customers a way of recognizing and specifying a particular product so that they can choose it again or recommend it to others”. And that’s exactly what I want from my business to be recognized first locally then globally as pure “Lemon Lime Splash”. -Create a Mission Statement for your Lemonade Stand (Chapter 7); then explain why a mission statement is important for any company? To produce...
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...FUNMAN The production of Orange juice. RAW MATERIALS NEEDED (1) Oranges. (2) Water. (3) Citric acid. (4) Vitamin C. (5) Sugar. (6) Antioxidant. FINISHED PRODUCTS (1) Orange Juice. The Means Of Transportation To Source Raw Materials (1) LAND TRANSPORT: It is the movement of goods, services and people from one place to another. This means of transportation is the way which I source my raw materials. It is through the use of cars, Lorries, trailers. They go to rural places and collect oranges planted in my farm and if it is not enough or there is no orange produced, then, we buy from the villagers. (2) WATER TRNSPORT: It is the movement of goods, services and people from one place to another. It is through the use of ships. They go to other countries then we buy fresh oranges from the people so that we can have different varieties of orange juice. E.g. Nigerian Funman, American Funman etc. And some other raw materials. The Means Of Transportation To Distribute Finished Goods (1) LAND TRNSPORT: It will be used to distribute the goods to my different warehouses in that particular country. (2) AIR TRNSPORT: It will be used to distribute the goods to my different warehouses outside the country so that it can be a multinational producing company. Challenges With The Means Of transportation (1) LAND TRNSPORT: It takes lot of time and the accident rate is high. Sometimes...
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...Table 2.1 Comparison between the Effectiveness of the Duranta Scar Remover and the Commercial one 1A AND 2A (Scar from burn) | | | | | |Scar Remover |Amount Applied |Frequency |Observation | | | | | | |Duranta Scar Remover |2-3 ml |3 times a day |The scar from burn removed after 2| | | | |to 3 weeks of application. | | | | |The scar from burn was removed | |Cebo de Macho |2-3 ml |3 times a day |after 3 weeks of application. | Table 2.1 shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the two scar remover.They are both effective to the scar from burnt but Duranta Scar Remover removed the scar after 2-3 weeks of application, but Cebo de Macho takes three weeks to remove the scar. It implies that the Duranta Scar Remover is applicable to this kind of scar because it takes only...
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