...CHAPTER 14 Human Capitalism Parachuting cats into Borneo — Stopping the waste of people — Curitiba’s web of solutions — Faster travel without freeways — Subways on the surface — Simple, fast, fun, and cheap — When garbage isn’t garbage — No hunger pangs — A place for living — A symbol of the possible W H AT D E S T I N AT I O N D O E S O U R S O C I E T Y W A N T T O R E A C H , A N D H O W W I L L I T get there? Lessons in what not to do can often be found in cities, where most officials, overwhelmed by a flood of problems, try to cope by naming and solving them one at a time. If they are faced with congestion, their answer is to widen streets and build bypasses and parking garages. Crime? Lock up the offenders. Smog? Regulate emissions. Illiteracy? Toughen standards. Litter? Raise fines. Homelessness? Build shelters, and if that seems to fail, jail the loiterers. Insufficient budget to fund all these competing priorities? Raise taxes or impose sacrificial austerity, to taste. Disaffected voters? Blame political enemies. Sometimes single-problem, single-solution approaches do work, but often, as previously described, optimizing one element in isolation pessimizes the entire system. Hidden connections that have not been recognized and turned to advantage will eventually tend to create disadvantage. Consider what happened in Borneo in the s. Many Dayak villagers had malaria, and the World Health Organization had a solution that was simple and direct. Spraying DDT seemed...
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...Psychological Theories 1. The Self-fulfilling theory The self-fulfilling theory deals with a prediction that directly or indirectly causes it to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. In other words, it is based on the believe will come true because you will subconsciously and consciously act in ways that cause the event to happen. Self fulfilling theory was developed by Robert K. Merton, an American sociologist. It seeks to explain how a belief or expectation, whether true or not, affects the outcome of a situation or the behavior of a person or group. According to this theory, we form certain expectations of people or events and either consciously or unconsciously convey those expectations with various cues and signs, either in the way we talk or behave, that led to people adjusting their behavior to match those expectations. The result is that the original expectation becomes true (Tim, 2010). The self-fulfilling prophecy is, in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the original false conception come 'true'. This specious validity of the self-fulfilling prophecy perpetuates a reign of error. For the prophet will cite the actual course of events as proof that he was right from the very beginning.[1] In other words, a prophecy, strongly held belief, or a delusion, declared as truth when it is actually false may sufficiently influence people, either...
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...In his book, Act One: An Autobiography, Moss Hart says, “The theater is an inevitable refuge of the unhappy child.” (Hart, p 10, 1959) This theory, coming from a man who created some of Broadway’s brightest and most memorable musical comedies, represents a duality that is crucial to understanding his life and its works. While he was notorious for his extravagant belongings and spending indulgences, reaping the spoils from his place at the pinnacle of the world he’d always obsessed over, Hart also suffered from massive bouts of depression and self-doubt. (Wolcott) If his lifetime worth of work that brought people such joy really was a result of experiencing the lowest of personal lows, it may shed light into why he was such a tireless worker throughout his thirty year career on Broadway. Moss Hart was born October 24, 1904 in the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. His parents, immigrants of England, worked as cigar makers and had their dreams of a better life in a new country dashed not long after moving to America with the introduction of the machine manufactured cigar. (Teachout, p 90, 2010) Hart would frequently joke that he was, “Born on Fifth Avenue… on the wrong end.” While some might look back on a hard upbringing with gratitude and appreciation, even as he grew very rich Hart always viewed his impoverished childhood with contempt and disgust. (Aronson, p 170, 1995) He described it in his autobiography as growing up with, “the dark brown taste...
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...Key Facts full title · The Little Prince (in French, Le Petit Prince) author · Antoine de Saint-Exupéry type of work · Children’s story, novella genre · Fable, allegory language · French time and place written · The summer and fall of 1942, while Saint-Exupéry was living in Long Island, New York date of first publication · First published in English translation in 1943. The first French edition did not appear until 1946. publisher · Reynal & Hitchcock, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (U.S. edition, both French and English); Gallimard (French edition) narrator · A pilot who crashes in the Sahara desert, where he meets the little prince. The narrator tells his story of the encounter six years after it happened. point of view · The narrator gives a first-person account, although he spends large portions of the story recounting the little prince’s own story of his travels. tone · When describing his surreal, poignant encounter with the little prince, the narrator’s tone is bittersweet. When describing the adult world, the narrator’s tone is matter-of-fact and often regretful. tense · Past settings (time) · “Six years ago,” although the current date is never specified settings (place) · The Sahara Desert and outer space protagonists · The little prince, the pilot major conflict · The childlike perspectives of the prince and, to some extent, those of the narrator are in conflict with the stifling beliefs of the adult world. rising action · After he...
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...THE LITTLE PRINCE In the eyes of a child, there is joy, there is laughter. But as time ages us, as soon as we flowered and became grown-ups the child inside us all fades that we forget that once, we were a child. The story begins about drawings of closed and open boa constrictors. Later, the author relates a story about the Turkish astronomer who discovers the little prince's home, Asteroid B-612. When he presents his findings to the International Congress of Astronomy, dressed in his comical Turkish outfit, he is not believed. Man has not learned to look beneath the exterior, or rather, he has forgotten how. Because adults never look within, they will never know themselves or others. A fox is one cunning animal. And in the story, it is proven to be right. From the fox's lesson that one can see only what is essential by looking with the heart, the author leaves the desert as a changed person. He agrees with the little prince's thought: 'the stars are beautiful, because of a flower that cannot be seen';. The rose is very fragile and needs constant care. Love is not a matter of choice; it is a matter of consequence; indeed, it is a matter of survival. Men must learn to love one another or expire. Love is what gives life meaning. The little prince's love for his rose is so important to him that his love gives the author's life purpose and direction. The fox teaches the little prince how to love. It is the time that one 'wastes'; on someone or something that makes it important...
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...with special needs with typical functioning children? Learning environments are the setting in which young children with special needs receive services. There are a number of issues that are related to the selection of a learning environment; the different types of settings for providing intervention for young children, how the law influences the child’s placement for services, the integration if children with special needs with “typical” children, the role of the service coordinator, how various agencies coordinate their services, and the types of early intervention teams. There are several suggested environments for integrating young children, such as LRE (least restrictive environment), mainstream, inclusion, and natural environments (Lerner, J. W., Lowenthal, B., & Egan, R. 2003, p. 95). 2. Identify and describe the types of settings that are used to provide services to young children with disabilities. What are the several major laws that affect the provision of services for young children with special needs? Discuss the importance regarding services for young children with disabilities in the Laws Part B and Part C, which mandate the settings for learning. Young children with disabilities are provided services in different settings such as, home-based, center-based, and combination of home and center- based settings. It is under the law IDEA-1997, PL 99-457, PL 102-119 that affects the placement of young children with special needs. The laws that mandated the setting...
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...connection, ideas, and opinions. Unfortunately, children will develop reading problems if they do get the necessary stills that will allow them to function on a higher level and succeed in life. Jennings, Caldwell and Lerner (2010) mentioned that it is said that “Children must learn to read so that later they can read to learn” (pg. 4). Therefore reading is the foundation that children need to be successful in life. Jennings, Caldwell and Lerner (2010) advised that to help children read better and develop a love for reading, fall on the laps of the teaching professionals since they are the planner and implementation of instructional services (pg. 3). It is understandable that even though there are different levels of readers, the ultimate goal is for teachers to create good readers in children. Jennings, Caldwell and Lerner (2010) iterate that reading is making sense of text. The reader generates his or her own mental version of what is been read (pg. 13). In my field experience, I have seen children who could read any word off paper but had no opinion of what is going on in the story. I have also experienced teachers getting frustrated when their students are not able to decipher or decode words in context or make connection to text. Jennings, Caldwell and Lerner (2010) talked about the three elements of reading. There is the reader, the reading material and the reading situation. The reader brain is super active while making sense of the material and...
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...88 /2009.3 ， （ 2003 ） ， ， 、 、 、 ； 。 ， 。 ， 、 。 ： ， ， 、 、 、 ， 、 Pre-IPO PE ； ， 。 ； 。 （ 2007 ） 、 （ Mezzanine ） 、 （ Buyout ） 、 （ Real Estate ） 、 PE 、 (FaPE Acs & Audretsch （ 1994 ） （ ） ， ； (Distreesed) 、 cilities) 。 ， 、 ， PE ， 、 、 、 。 、 ， ， 。 、 ， PE GDP ， ， ， ， GDP 。 ， 。 GDP 。 PE PE 2007 6 PE 。 ， ， 。 ， 。 》 、 ， （ 2008 ） ， ， 、 。 、 ， 《 ， 。 ， ， ， ， 。 Gompers & Lerner （ 1998 ） ， 、 、 ， 、 、 。 ， 、 PE PE 、 GDP PE PE 。 ： ； PE IPO GDP PE PE 21 PE IPO 、 、 、 VC 。 ， 。 Jeng ； 。 ， — — & Wells （ 2000 ） ， ， 、 、 10 PE ， 。 、 GDP 。 /2009.3 89 、 ， ， ， 。 49 IPO 、 ， ， 。 La Porta （ 1999b ） 、 PE ， ， ， 。 PE Lerner （ 1998 ） Wells IPO ， Gompers & ， Jeng & 27 。 ， ， ， ， 。 ， 、 、 ， ， ， 。 （ ） 、 ， 。 Ried （ 1998 ） ， 、 Q PE 。 GDP PE 。 ， PE 。 PE PE 、 、 ， 。 Megginson （ 2004 ） ， ， 。 Cumming & MacIn- PE tosh （ 2002 ） ， ， PE - IPO 。 Cumming （ 2004 ） 。 ， ， 。 Can Kut 。 （ Can Kut et al ， 2007 ） ， 。 ， 。 Can Lerner & Schoar （ 2005 ） ， 。 。 Kaplan （ 2003 ） ， （ the 、 Kut 5 。 PE ， 、 ， ， 、 。 、 、 、 rights over cash flows ） 。 ， 。 Djankov （ 2003 ） 。 （ “ （ 1999a ） 。 ， ” 。 La Porta 。 Promio & Wright （ 2004 ） ： ）；...
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...| | |Finding Cures and Protecting Life | | | Finding Cures and Protecting life Stem Cell Research offers hope to millions of American with diseases like Diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The hope has been that one day they may unlock the secret of human development and yield powerful therapies to treat a wide variety of genetic disorders and diseases, including cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and more. Catholic Church has actively encouraged stem cell research; Contrary to what some may believe, the church is not opposed to all forms of stem cell research. Catholic Church believes that the use of adult stem cells as a “better way” to achieve the therapeutic promise of stem cells. Only research using embryotic stem cells have been condemned by the Church. The stem cell debate is filled with controversy question and confusion about science, cures and how we should treat human life at every stage. So what is a stem cell, it is an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cells arise by differentiation. Or some people...
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...wind power fell from approximately 25 cents per kilowatt per hour (kwh) in the early 1980s to between 5 cents and 7 cents per kwh (Burnett). Advocates argue that a new generation of turbines will bring down the cost to below 5 cents per kwh (Burnett). This would make it much easier for people to be able to afford it. Wind power could provide as much as 6 percent of the nation’s energy (Burnett). It is currently providing less than 1% of the U.S. power supply but could double its shares within 10 years (Burnett). Furthermore, wind power plants receive accelerated depreciation (Burnett). As of 2006, wind power was the cheapest form of large scale electric generation to install (Lerner). This led to the growth of wind power plants. Wind power is the earliest form of energy to be harvested by humans (Lerner). The...
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...are the submissive stay at home wives. Although in Africa the women in my opinion are taking on the role of the husband, or male of the household. The women and children walk miles and miles a day for the basic necessity of water. Not only do they have to travel long distances, but they have to carry the water from place to place, causing a heavy burden on the women’s body. My question is why aren’t the men doing it? If men want to play the strong dominant role, they should be the ones fetching water. The reality of it is that the men can haul much more water than the women will ever be able to. In the book, Beyond Borders, it discusses women’s struggle to shape their lives “under the umbrella of patriarchy and paternalistic dominance” (Lerner 254).By the general concept of the superiority of men, and inferiority of women as it has evolved overtime. It reveals how we among different societies have continued this patriarchal and paternalistic movement throughout the course of history ultimately with the power to the male’s advantage. So with reference to articles from the Water and Culture Reader I’d like to discuss the unjust treatment of women in Africa that is still at large. “Women perform all the labor associated with water collection at the expense of education, cultural, and political involvement, and rest and recreation” (Bouwer 321). Women literally give up everything to provide for their families. I’m not saying that this is a completely bad thing, because it’s not...
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...Medical Ethics and Euthanasia In his essay “When Medicine Is Futile” Barron H. Lerner talks about how dying patients in America, in his opinion can not have a peaceful death. Important role in his writing represents his dad and his thinking. He has a big influence on Lerner`s opinion about the medicine in general. He argues that people die too many times connected to all kinds of machines and tubes that don`t really help them. Lerner describes some of the stories that his father kept in the journals. They have one common thing, and that is that event though the doctors knew the patients is going to die, his family was still hoping for a miracle and they did not want to accept that there is nothing that the doctors can do, to save the patient`s life. Reading and thinking about Lerner`s article lead me to ask myself; is it really true that there are no chances at all to save any patient? I think we should all still keep faith and stay optimistic that things will go better, no matter what situation we find ourselves in. In connection to that when we think about medicine, here comes the controversial problem about euthanasia. Should it be legalized and what are the pros and cons of it? Euthanasia is one of the most pressing issues of modern society. The development of medicine has put humanity against serious dilemma where the use of medical resources no longer offers the cure. As it is developing in many areas, there are still those areas where we ask ourselves; what to do...
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...Written Summary of a Research Article Dasani Smith Psychology, 100 Professor Smith February 5, 2012 Written Summary of a Research Article Early childhood professionals have individual preferences about how they like children to behave (Eddowes, Aldridge, & Culpepper, 1994). Early childhood professionals also play a critical role in helping children accept themselves as unique (Aldridge, 1993). While students preparing to work with young children learn about cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development, they often neglect to study personality development (Aldridge & Cowles, 1990). The study of personality is important because a child's temperament influences the teacher more than the child's intelligence (Lerner & Lerner, 1986). In fact, teachers often give grades and implement classroom management strategies based upon specific children's temperaments (Pullis & Cadwell, 1982). Temperament is the part of the personality with which each child is born. According to Chess and Thomas (1987) temperament refers to individual differences in physiological responsiveness. It includes the characteristic way that an individual responds emotionally to people and objects. Chess and Thomas (1977) found nine temperament categories which they believed were present at birth. These categories include the following: Activity Level. Does the child display mostly active or inactive stress? Rhythm city or Regularity. Is the child predictable or unpredictable regarding...
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...began in 1978 until his arrest in April of 1996. His sheltered childhood upbringing was viewed to be a contributing factor to his lack of social skills. He was renowned as a brilliant mathematician and served as a professor at the University of California at Berkeley until 1969. The Unabomber waged a political war for his stance on modern technology. In 1978 Kaczynski began creating homemade bombs out of household items and mailing them to various targets which were mainly universities and airlines. As time went on he began to progress and use more lethal explosives, a mix of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder. The bomb's shrapnel consisted of tacks, nails, and bits of lead, with stamped initials FC for Freedom Club (K. Lerner and B. Wilmoth-Lerner 2006). The Unabomber injured and killed innocent students, professors and university officials as well as the president of United Airlines. He was ultimately responsible for 16 mail bombs that killed three people and injured 23 during an 18-year period. Kaczynski strongly did not believe in the progression of modern technology and argued that continued scientific and technical progress will inevitably result in the extinction of individual liberty. He was on a mission to discourage advances. The advancement of the bombs he created becoming more lethal is an example of his...
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...be brown, red or green, and it wears off in a matter of days. But to produce a darker color, some tattoo artists added a chemical called Paraphenylenediamine, or PPD”(Bakalar). Henna is a natural plant but adding chemicals to the original formula made it very harmful. Adding chemicals to Henna burned and blistered a”a 19-year-old woman who had a temporary tattoo applied at a wedding”(Bakalar). The Kuwaiti woman was one of the people who got affected by the PPD. Henna changed from a harmless temporary tattoo to a very harmful substance. GTQ#3 Henna matters to the people around the world because it is a cultural tradition in the Muslim religion. Henna is “one of the oldest-known hair dyes, Henna is still used worldwide”(Lerner). Henna is an ancient natural hair dye that has been used by a lot people worldwide. Arabic “women in Muslim countries use Henna to color their nails, hands, feet, and...
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