...My love of psychology did not begin with my first psychology class, advanced placement general psychology, it started with my second. Enrolling in a dual-enrollment social psychology class at the community college in my neighborhood is what sparked my interest in psychology. I became fascinated with the subject and knew from that moment that I wanted to pursue a degree in this field. Working with children is what I always pictured myself doing. My first job was at Quality Swimming, where I taught children (and adults) swimming lessons, and helped many of them get over their phobias of the water. To help the children overcome their phobia, we were trained to use systematic desensitization. We would begin with gradually exposing the children to the pool: starting with the children sitting on the top step, and slowly moving into deeper and deeper depths of the pool. The ultimate goal was to “teach water safety and instill in all students a love for the water.” While at Quality Swimming, I was able to apply knowledge from the classroom into my teaching. For instance, because of differences in the development of age groups, and individual differences I was able to create specific lesson plans to meet...
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...Fundamentals of Social Psychology Social Psychology – Science or Commonsense? I. What is social psychology? The scientific study of people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in the context of their social environment II. A test of social psychological knowledge |To be mentally healthy, people need an opportunity (such as playing violent |T / It depends/ F | |computer games) to act out, and thus to ventilate, their aggression. | | |Most people would disobey an authority who orders them to hurt a stranger. |T / It depends/ F | |People’s behavior is best predicted in terms of their personality. |T / It depends/ F | |People become more conservative in their investment decisions after discussion with|T / It depends/ F | |others. | | |To alter the way people behave, we need first to change their hearts and minds. |T / It depends/ F | |The greater the reward promised for an activity, the more one will come to enjoy |T / It depends/ F | |it. | | |Eyewitnesses’ certainty about their own accuracy in viewing a crime is highly |T / It depends/ F | |related to their actual accuracy. ...
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...Running head: PSYCOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS: A TASK AT HAND Psychological Underpinning: A Task At Hand Beverly Becnel Grand Canyon University: EDU 313 N February 21, 2012 The task of teaching children comes with many different avenues to choose from, but the avenue we choose is only as good as the way we plan the lesson and the child’s ability to comprehend it. Another notable factor of planning for lessons is the many theories that are available for our use. Because of the fact that children learn and develop at different stages, it is important to evaluate each child and make sure the lessons we are planning to teach is at that child’s level. In order to ensure we have chosen the best pathway for the child’s learning experience it is also important for teachers to make themselves familiar with these theories and discover when and how to use them. One theory I found to be a good resource is Behaviorism which is also known as behavioral psychology; this theory is based on the fact that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. This conditioning can occur with the interaction of the environment. According to this theory behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner regardless of internal mental status (cherry, 2012). The two major types of behaviorism are classical conditioning, and operant conditioning. The classical conditioning theory is based on the act of placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. For example you smell...
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...Study Guide Essentials of Psychology By Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. About the Author Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. has more than 20 years of teaching and education-related experience. He has taught seventh-grade science, worked as a curriculum developer for the Upward Bound Program, and taught sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and honors seminars at the university level. As a professional writer, he has written nonfiction books, journal and magazine articles, novels, and stage plays. Contents Contents INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS LESSON ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND LESSON 2: THE MIND AT WORK LESSON 3: MOTIVATION, EMOTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PERSONALITY RESEARCH PROJECT LESSON 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS LESSON 5: PSYCHOLOGY FOR TWO OR MORE CASE STUDIES SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 1 7 9 43 75 117 127 147 167 171 iii YOUR COURSE Instructions Instructions Welcome to your course, Essentials of Psychology. You’re entering a course of study designed to help you better understand yourself and others. For that reason, you can think of this course as practical. It should be of use to you in living your life and reaching the goals you set for yourself. You’ll use two main resources for your course work: this study guide and your textbook, Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. OBJECTIVES When you complete this course, you’ll be able to ■ Describe the science and methodologies of psychology in the context of its historical...
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...Three Learning Perspectives. Cognitive- is a mental processes which includes the attention memory which produced. Language, learning, reasoning, problem solving and decision making. Cognitive is a different approaches from previous psychological. Accepts when you use scientific and rejects introspection. As a method of investigation. Not symbol approaches like Freudian psychology. Acknowledge the internal mental states, unlike behaviorist psychology. Early years critics said that empiricism of cognitive combined with acceptance mental states was contradictory. Cognition is a processing of information applying and changing preferences. It could be natural or artificial and conscious and unconscious. When you look at cognitive learning you have to understand how it works and how the children will learn from it. When you have students that need to understand who they work in groups and understanding things. When you look things over you need to make sure that students understand the lesson and how to do it. Cognitive Lesson Plan Content that is addressed in this lesson is about outer space. This lesson will teach the children how they can travel in any direction using basic locomotors skills with the understanding of space. Question: Which is easier to control in a group. How much space is need in a group to provide movement? Concepts and skills students master, During this time children will know about personal space and personal space in general. Evidence outcomes: ...
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...What is Cognitive Psychology? Basically, it studies human cognitive processes - acquiring, storing, transforming and using knowledge to make decisions. From all of the lessons we tackled in this class, I consider memory as the most important. If you notice my concept map, I used the term memory as a link with all the other terms we discussed in COGPSYC. It is because for me, everything is linked to it and impossible without it. We cannot learn without memory; we cannot solve problems without memory; and we cannot have emotions without memory. It starts with the concept of schema. It is said that schema is where information is organized to form concepts using our mental network (Woolfolk, 2007). It acts as a baseline where all the new information a person gets from the external stimuli is organized. This process of organizing is then adapted until it balances with the other cognitive schemas. Memory can be classified into three categories: sensory, short-term, and long term (Baddeley, 2004). In the process of sensory memory, a person see, hear or touch the information using his attention and perception from the external stimuli. From that, the information which is successfully monitored is then transferred into the short term memory. Information in short-term memory needs to be rehearsed. This is called maintenance rehearsal which involves process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking over specific information (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). One needs to repeat words or concepts...
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...The classroom and the 400-meter oval track, although very different venues, have taught me complementary and interwoven lessons. Concepts in physiology, biochemistry, and nutrition can be applied to elements of running, such as developing more effective training methods and learning how to optimize substrate utilization in order to achieve peak physical performance. The methodology developed through research has enhanced my development as an athlete. For instance, I can investigate a training method and evaluate its effectiveness in increasing my physical performance to better individualize my preparation. On the other hand, running has taught me lessons in teamwork and cooperation that improve my ability to interact in academic and professional settings. Running also teaches lessons in self-discipline, perseverance, and endurance which contribute to my success as a scientist. I have applied these character traits fostered from running to becoming a better scientist. In turn, to me running has evolved into a science. The application of science to health is medicine and is a natural evolution of my interests that I would love to pursue. As in science, I had to learn the basics of running. My initial awkward form disappeared through a few years of training and dedication, and I evolved into an athlete. I was fortunate to compete against the best athletes both at national competitions and at the World Championships in Belfast, Ireland. These competitions inspired and challenged...
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...first perspective is multicultural which focus on the role of social, cultural factor and especially on differences between social, ethnic, gender, sexual preference, and racial group (Kalsher, 2008, p. 10). It is very difficult to leave in third world countries such as my country Iran. Usually this type of countries are not a safe place to leave, and there is always a chance of war. The second perspective is developmental. Developmental psychology is a scientific approach which aims to explain how children and adults change over time (McLeod, 2012). I was only seventeen, and I have never had any experience in how to support my family. Like other teenagers, the only thing that I was doing was playing with my friends. However, when I got here, and I told myself; I am the one who has to support the family, I changed a lot. I should say I grown up overnight and became the man of my family. After I had found out I'm the one who is responsible for everything, then it was the time to find a job. Everything was new to me, and I didn't know anything from this place, not even how to talk to other people. I started to go out and look around myself to learn what other people were doing. I wanted to know what should I do and where should I start. There were days that I used to go out and talk to people that I even didn't know who...
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...such behaviors have occurred. Reading this paper you can see that there are many experiments that challenge the theory of behavior no matter if it’s normal or abnormal. We will clarify some of the challeges as we define and classify both normal and abnormal behavior when we look at the challenges in Culture, gender and sexual preferences/practices and religion. Cultural normal and abnormal behaviors Culture is a challenge to abnormal behavior because these behaviors establish through socio-cultural traditions. The sociocultural perspective explains that abnormal behaviors are a result of family influences and social forces. Similar to the behavioral perspective, socio-cultural theorists believe mental disorders are learned behaviors. They tend to focus on social class, gender, and ethnicity in the explanation of mental disorders. An understanding of one’s sociocultural forces is also taken into consideration concerning abnormal behavior and its cultural challenge. Social forces, such as the media, social change, pressures, poverty, and social institutions are examples of how mental disorders are distinct or classified in culture. Family perspectives challenge abnormalities because they are complex systems. Because families are a representation of stability, any type of disruption could result in an emotional...
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...Customized Learning Theory: Reflective-Constructivism Kylie-Anne Noreiga Liberty University EDUC 500: Advanced Educational Psychology Dr. Gary Smith October 8, 2014 Introduction An elementary school first grade classroom teacher has spent the last four months teaching his students concepts of basic addition and subtraction. Students continue to show progress in understanding of both addition and subtraction skills through direct instruction, guided practice, homework practice worksheets, and in-class assessments, both informal and formal. During in class station activities as an alternative to outdoor recess, Mr. Duncan pulls out several games/activities and a timer; students will rotate through game stations every 10 minutes to allow students to experience various stations. Two of the activity stations involve math games such as Monopoly Junior and Candy Land. As students delve into their activity stations, Mr. Duncan observers his students unknowingly performing algorithms, maybe without a true understanding of why they are doing so yet, but still – applying learned skills correctly to real-world activities. Later that same school year, students in Mrs. Robinson’s second grade class are reviewing the value of money. Zayne’s father gives him $1 for each chore completed during the week. Within a few weeks, Zayne earns and saves $30 dollars and decides to spend his money on a Snakeez, a portable cup with a lid that...
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...In its most general sense, Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning developing as a result of the propositions and beliefs shared by a group of people who has influenced educators’ view of learning. The term behavioral psychology refers to a psychological approach which principally concerned with stimulus-response activities and emphasizes the role of environmental factors in a learning process, to the exclusion of own free will. There is a tenet of behavioral psychology that “only observable, measurable, an outward behavior is worth investigating” (Bush, 2006, p. 14). Historically speaking, behaviorism was originated in the 1880s and develops gradually in the twentieth-first century and beyond. Skinner and...
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...I. INTRODUCTION “Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change the world” - Nelson Mandela Education Psychology is a branch of psychology that deals application of psychology to teaching and learning and as science it depends upon research for guidance and direction in promoting effective and responsible teaching that the teachers can use, it enhances the procedure of effective teaching, and it also gives a scientific approach for teaching in different knowledge, skills and values. [1] One of the purpose/ function of Education Psychology is to guides the teacher in understanding the characteristics of his/her learners in each stage of their development. The teacher/instructor must have a basic knowledge of growth development to be able to design an appropriate learning material according to the student’s development stage. In general, Educational psychology is important not only in the filed of psychology but also in the field of education. As a partial fulfillment in one of our major subjects, which is PSY05 (Educational Psychology) we are required to conduct a classroom observation in the Elementary or High School setting. This said requirement aims to make connections between theories and practices that we discussing in the said subject. Francisco G. Nepomuceno Memorial High School, the school that we chose of our group for our observation. FGNHMS or commonly known as City High Pandan is a public secondary...
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...and important for us to gauge or determine how much, us, students have learned after a psychology class. It enables us to gain knowledge that can be applied in the future, giving us more opportunities in succeeding our goals. This learning had an impact in my life, making me more of a responsible one. Comparing my knowledge before and after, my knowledge before is that I have very limited information in my mind like I don't have enough information in order to cope up with the waves of lessons our instructor about to tackle. It's like guessing in an "On-the-spot exam", not having any specific questions in mind to guide our learning though our instructor is preparing learning opportunities. While my knowledge after class, as Instructor guided the process with feedback and mini-lectures we continue applying our knowledge skills after clarification and feedback. We are able to understand and gain ideas in class and on later events these gained ideas will be our piece of information in guiding actions. I also learned a variety of writing elements such as written reports, reflection papers, news sharing and principles to guide my future writing. I learned how to better edit, read, and compose documents. All exercises were useful and helped highlight key writing concepts. This class teaches me a skill and puts it into practice. It is very useful for us students transitioning from college to the working world. According to Albert Bandura, “Learning would be exceedingly...
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...What is the point in studying psychology? Psychology is so important in many aspects because it’s the basis of how you understand people’s behavior and the human mind. The reason for studying psychology is different for every person. Personally at the beginning it was just because I have to take this course for my major. I soon came to learn this class is going to help me in a lot more ways than one. I started becoming more excited about it because it will help me with my future goal of becoming a nurse. A huge point in studying psychology for me is because in my future goal of becoming a nurse it will not only benefit me but it will benefit my patients due to an understanding of how their feeling, reacting, and also what they are thinking. Understanding a patient’s brain can be a huge factor in your job. A nurse must always be aware of how her interaction with her patient affects that patient, the patient's family, and ultimately the patient's outcome. For example a patient suffering anxiety over his illness may refuse to get out of bed, which could cause complications such as a respiratory infection or pneumonia. As a nurse if you suspect a patient won't participate in his recovery, you will need to provide emotional support and encouragement while adapting his treatment plan to his psychological health. A way you as a nurse could help the patient is set up a short term goals list where you could encourage them to do something small like attempt to get out of bed four...
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...Educational Psychology Ramirez 3/30/14 “A Class Divided Video” The purpose of this experiment that Ms. Elliot conducted is to show her students in her third grade class what discrimination felt like. Discrimination was so prevalent in the time that this experiment was conducted. Ms. Elliot was trying to start small and do any little possible thing in order to slowly help change what was so wrong in the world. The way she expressed her lesson had an extremely real life feel to what it was like to be discriminated against. One day Ms. Elliot led her third grade class to believe that blue eyed people were better than brown eyed people. The next day she made it the other way around so that everyone in the class could experience what discrimination felt like. She did this to show her students how ugly and hateful discrimination actually is. The first day, when blue eyed people were better than brown eyed people, the blue eyed students began to feel powerful and act down on the brown eyed students in their class. There were incidents where a blue eyed student that had never been hurtful or hateful to other students suddenly began to talk bad about other students. The blue eyed students went on an emotional high of power and authority thinking they were the best and better than brown eyed people. On the other hand, the brown eyed people felt belittled and felt that everything “bad” was happening to them. They felt that they were getting their best friends taken away from them. ...
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