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LET1: Leadership Concepts and Applications
SUBDOMAIN 317.1 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR & LEADERSHIP
Competency 317.1.5: Leadership - The graduate can analyze leadership theories, methods, and tools in given situations and select the appropriate behavior of the leader.

Objective 317.1.5-10: Identify the five bases or sources of power within a given organization.
Objective 317.1.5-11: Define the relationship between power and dependency in an organizational setting.
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Introduction:
Corporation A was founded in 1989 and focuses on creating marketing programs for the real estate industry. The corporate mission of Corporation A is to help clients improve their real estate sales. The Corporation A team is comprised of professionals with varied backgrounds and experience levels. The company prides itself on fostering a team environment throughout the organization.

Given:
Employee 1 has worked in the marketing department at Corporation A for 12 years. In the marketing department, employees who earn a superior rating on their yearly performance evaluation receive a large bonus at the end of the year. Employee 1 often comes into the office on weekends or stays late to ensure the work is complete and accurate. The marketing manager encourages employees to work beyond the requisite 40 hours a week by reminding them of the yearly bonus for receiving a superior rating on their next evaluation. Employee 1 is planning to use the bonus for a well-deserved vacation that would be unaffordable without the bonus.
Employee 2 is the only certified public accountant (CPA) in the accounting department at Corporation A. Employee 2 has negotiated with the accounting manager to work a four-day work week and is the only person in that department allowed to work a compressed work week. The accounting manager agreed to the shortened work week because Employee 2 is the only employee who can prepare the company’s financial statements.
Employee 3 works in the sales department at Corporation A. Employee 3 has only been with Corporation A for a little over a year, whereas most employees in the sales department have been with the company for three years or more. Employee 3 is well liked, very charismatic, and positive, and people seem to be naturally drawn to Employee 3’s personality. During a recent sales meeting, Employee 3 pitched a new idea to increase sales. At first, the other team members were unsure if the idea would fit with the corporate culture. By the end of the sales pitch, the entire department was excited about the new program and eager to work on the project. Despite Employee 3’s short tenure at Corporation A and lack of team lead experience; Employee 3 was selected to lead the team on this project based on the enthusiasm and admiration received from colleagues.

Task:

Write a brief essay (suggested length of 2–4 pages) in which you:

A. Describe each of the five bases of power demonstrated in the given scenario. 1. Use examples from the scenario to support your answer. B. Describe the relationship between dependency and power. 1. Use examples from the relationships in the scenario to support your answer. C. If you choose to use outside sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.
Within an organization or corporation, organizational leaders, managers and supervisors often utilize their power in helping their subordinates achieve an organization’s goals and visions. There are five bases of power which can be broken down into two different groups: formal power and personal power.
Formal Power bases on the importance of the position in the Company. There are three different types of Formal power.
Coercive Power is where a person has controlled power, where he or she utilizes it in forcing an employee to do something that they might not want to do. This power creates risk behavior and employee dissatisfaction in the workplace. The most common threat is the possibility of demote or fire. The marketing manager uses a coercive power telling the employees their annual evaluation and bonus can be effected if he or she did not work over 40-hour work week where it requires by the company.
Reward power is a highly effective way to get an employee to do their best. However, just like dependency your reward has to be something that someone wants. If the reward is too small, it may not be worth the effort to get it. In Employee 1 case, the end of the year bonus has power of reward; it inspires him to put an effort as well as rate excellent. If he can get that the superior rating his life will receive a bonus, and that will allow him to take a vacation that he could not afford. In essence the whole year of work comes down to one evaluation.
A legitimate power is when a person in charges and depend on the position in the Company that uses his authority and the ability to manipulate feelings of obligations and the notion of responsibility of the employees. With this given scenario, the marketing manager and the accounting manager exercise a legitimate power because they have the title “manager”. Employee 1 works more than 40-hours a week because the marketing manager asks that holds a reward as an incentive to get the obey. Employee 2 works a compressed work week because he negotiated the agreement with the accounting manager, and the accounting manager uses his legitimate power of a manager in the agreement.
Personal Power base on an employee’s unique characteristics and personality traits. There are two different kinds of Personal Power,
The first of personal power calls an expert power is where a power bases on the employee’s experience, specialties, unique skills or knowledge that no one else has within the organization. In this assignment, Employee 2 exercises this power because he is the only CPA in the accounting department and also is the only employee that qualifies to prepare the organization’s financial statements, so he uses his Expert power in negotiation with the accounting manager.
The second of personal power calls a referent power is where on employees make others feel goods about him or herself and it seems as an admirable one. There are personal traits that have acceptance and approval from the other employees. In this case Employee 3 has the referent power because his charismatic and positive attitudes which draws the other employees. These qualities enable Employee 3 to convince their team members about a new concept that could increase company sales even though they had reservations in the beginning.

Dependency Power
Beside the five bases of power, there is also the Power of Dependency where it refers Company A depends on Employee 2 to prepare the financial statements, if the Company has goals and needs in the Accounting area that Employee 2 is the only one can do it. Dependency power controls the resources; it is importance, scarcity and nonsubstitutable.
Importance is where an employee can create this dependency when they control something that others feel as being important to the organization. In the case of Employee 3, his enthusiasms, respects from his co-workers and lacks team leaders in the company. Especially, the new project is his idea; he is importantly to the Company who deserves to be a leader of the new project to help generate new sales for the Company.
Scarcity is where an employee can create a scarce dependency to make the leaders in the organization management feel it likes they can not do without the knowledge or skills of an employee. Employee 2 creates a scarce dependency because he is the only employee in the company that holds a CPA license and has unique skills and knowledges to create the company’s financial statements which no one else in the organization feels can fulfill.
Non-Substitutable is where dependency power happens when the resource is rare and has no substitute for the employee. Employee 1 is controlled by a nonsubstitutable which bases on the fact that he must work over 40-hours a week per the marketing manager’s request in order to receive a superior evaluation and receive an end-of-the-year bonus that he desires.
The simple rule of Dependency Power is if we give another person power over us when we are dependent on them for a resource or service. With the influence or connection that exists between individuals, we realize that power is complex and multidimensional. Since it is complexity, the power relationship will be create by the degree of dependency. Power based on dependency is easy to spot in human relationships. One example from the case here it would be the admiration from other employees to Employee 3. It causes the power relationship where it helps Employee 3 to become project leader, due to the Dependency. The difference in power and dependency is we can have power without people depending on us; even, they have differences but, quite often, Dependency and power go hand on hand.

References
Judge, T. A., & Robbins, S. P. (2007). Organizational Behavior 12th Edition. Upper SaddleRiver, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
|Detailed Results (Rubric used: LET1 Task 317.1.5-10, 11) |
|Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, word usage, ease of understandability) |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|There is no evidence of response to the prompts. |
|The articulation of the response is weak. |
|The articulation of the response is adequate. |
|The articulation of the response is skillful. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 4.00 |
| |
|Accuracy of Mechanics (grammar, punctuation, spelling) |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|The work includes several major errors that disrupt the meaning or flow of the response. |
|The work includes a few major errors and/or many minor errors that interfere with the clarity of the response. |
|The work includes a few minor errors but no readily detectable major errors. |
|The work includes no readily detectable major or minor errors. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 4.00 |
| |
|A. Bases of Power |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|The candidate does not describe each of the 5 bases of power demonstrated in the given scenario. |
|The candidate provides an imprecise description of each of the 5 bases of power demonstrated in the given scenario. |
|The candidate provides a reasonable description of each of the five bases of power demonstrated in the given scenario. |
|The candidate provides a precise description of each of the 5 bases of power demonstrated in the given scenario. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 3.00 |
|Comments on this criterion: All five bases of power are described. |
| |
|A1. Examples |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|The candidate does not use appropriate examples from the scenario to support the answer in part A. |
|Not applicable. |
|Not applicable. |
|The candidate uses appropriate examples from the scenario to support the answer in part A. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 4.00 |
|Comments on this criterion: Appropriate examples are provided. |
| |
|B. Bases of Power and Dependency |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|The candidate does not describe the relationship between dependency and power. |
|The candidate provides an imprecise description of the relationship between dependency and power. |
|The candidate provides a reasonable description of the relationship between dependency and power. |
|The candidate provides a credible and well-supported description of the relationship between dependency and power. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 4.00 |
| |
|B1. Examples |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|The candidate does not use appropriate examples from the relationships found in the scenario to support the answer in part B. |
|Not applicable. |
|Not applicable. |
|The candidate uses appropriate examples from the relationships found in the scenario to support the answer in part B. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 4.00 |
|Comments on this criterion: Appropriate examples are provided. |
| |
|C. In-Text Citations and References in APA Format |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|If the candidate cites outside sources, there are several major APA formatting errors in the in-text citations and reference list. |
|If the candidate cites outside sources, there are a few major APA formatting errors and/or many minor errors in the in-text citations and |
|reference list. |
|If the candidate cites outside sources, there are a few minor APA formatting errors but no readily detectable major errors in the in-text |
|citations and reference list. |
|If the candidate cites outside sources, there are no readily detectable major or minor APA formatting errors in the in-text citations and |
|reference list OR the candidate does not use outside sources. |
| |
|Criterion Score: 3.00 |
| |
|Overall Holistic |
| |
|(1) Unacceptable |
|(2) Needs Revision |
|(3) Meets Standard |
|(4) Exemplary |
| |
|Unacceptable |
|Needs Revision |
|Meets Standard |
|Exemplary |
| |
|Criterion Score: 3.00 |
| |

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