...The Life Cycle Assessment of Cell Phones The mobile phone has become an essential product all around the world. A small handheld device with the ability call, send messages, and access the internet from almost anywhere in the world has become a necessity for many citizens of developed countries. Due to rapid technological advances, cellular phones become obsolete in a very short period of time. The average lifespan of a cell phone is only 18months in the US (LCA of Cell Phones). With over 233 million active cell phones in use in the US alone and 4 billion worldwide, it’s mindboggling to consider how many phones that have been created and discarded over the past few decades. 1. What environmental impacts are the most significant? The energy usage costs accounts for over 30% of the total life cycle energy (LCA of Cell Phones). Depending on how the electricity is created (coal, natural gas, oil, etc.) lots of greenhouse gases and other pollutants are released into the air. 2. What lifestage(s) contribute the most to these impacts? Energy usage occurs in the Product Consumption stage. The daily recharging of the battery is a huge energy obligation. 3. What are the strengths, flaws, and limitations of the analysis? The analysis has a great amount of cell phone data within the US and gives great examples of LCA goals from companies like AT&T and Nokia. However there is almost no information about the LCA from the global perspective. Also there is no information...
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...University of Phoenix Material Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Worksheet Provide a list describing at least three similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Plasma membrane Cytosol Ribosomes Choose the chart below with two internal structures of prokaryotic cells and three from eukaryotic cells and describe their function in your own words. | |Cell Structures | | |Structure |Function | |Prokaryotic # 1 |Ribosome |Responsible for building protein according to instructions that are| | | |received from the genes. | |Prokaryotic # 2 |Nucleoid |A region where that contains coiled DNA. | |Eukaryotic # 1 |Organelles |Organelles are tiny structures that perform very specific functions| | | |within cells. | |Eukaryotic # 2 |Nucleus |An organelle that houses a eukaryotic cells DNA. | |Eukaryotic # 3 |Golgi Apparatus ...
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...Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is uniquely arranged in a complex double plot line between Henrietta Lacks’ life story and the journey of discovery that the author, Rebecca Skloot, embarked upon in search of the truth behind HeLa (the cells of Henrietta Lacks). The narrative perspective of the work differs between both plot lines: the sections from the author’s point of view are spoken in first person, while the parts pertaining to Henrietta and her family have a third-person omniscient perspective. Beginning at Ch 29: A Village of Henriettas, the two plot lines of the novel converge, bringing together Rebecca Skloot and Henrietta’s devoted daughter, Deborah, as the two passionately collaborate to uncover the emotional shocking truth behind the mystery of HeLa. Book Context: Ch. 1-10 The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks reveals the true story of the woman from the 1940-50s who was behind the miracle HeLa cells; these cells were the first to permanently survive outside the human body and they are still alive today in laboratories across the globe. Furthermore, these HeLa cells...
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...Playing with life, Playing with rules? Have you or someone that you’ve known, maybe someone dear to you, ever lost a limb? Then you may have heard of stem cell research. Embryonic stem cells have the amazing ability to theoretically grow back any body part. They have the potential to morph into any of the 220 cell types found in the body (Robinson 1). It has the restoration power capable of reestablishing functions of the body as well, such as eyesight. The drawback to stem cell research is that it requires baby fetuses to acquire the material. Stem cells differ from other cells in the body, as they are capable of dividing and rebuilding themselves for long durations of time. This is unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells. They are not able to replicate themselves, while stem cells can do it many times. This means that if stem cells are kept in a laboratory over a long period of time, they can yield many other stem cells. Another property of stem cells is that they are unspecialized, meaning that they do not help with anything in the body. For example, they are not able to help the heart pump blood in the body. However, stem cells can become heart muscle cells and blood cells, which could do that function. A third property of stem cells is that they become specialized cells. This is called differentiation, when the stem cell morphs into a cell that will have a specific function in the body (Robinson 1). In the last five years, China has increased its research funding...
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...FALFA11 Sec E The history of Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States Adult stem cell research on humans began in the 1960's, first achieving success in the treatment of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disorder in 1968. Since the early 1970's, adult stem cells have been successfully used for treatment of immunodeficiency and leukemia. Many are in support of the scope, nature, necessity and urgency of stem cell research. If the possibility is there to preserve life and cure diseases such as Cancer, Leukemia, Heart Disease AIDS/HIV, the United States Federal Government should issue more funds towards stem cell research. Those very same people that are against stem cell research may someday find themselves in dire need stem cells to save their lives. A German AIDS patient was able to stop drugs he had been taking for 10 years after getting a transplant of stem cells from a donor with a rare gene variant known to resist the deadly disease. The transplant also cured his leukemia, researchers reported. Embryonic stem cell research does not appear to be ethical and it seems as if a life is being taken in the process. One can’t help but pose the question, “when do the actual stages of life begin”? A Blastocyst is a thin-walled hollow structure in early embryonic development that contains a cluster of cells called the inner cell mass from which the embryo arises. The outer layer of cells gives rise to the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for...
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...Computers And Cell Phones On People's Life Computers and cell phones is important in people's life. Computers and cell phones help people to do tasks and jobs fast and successfully. There are three negative effects of lack of computers and cell phones in people 's life which are reducing social communication, losing long time to finish tasks and jobs, and reducing fun. First, one of negative effects of lack of computers and cell phones is reducing reducing social communication between people. Lack of computers and cell phones will weaken communicate between people. Many people computer programs ,which work by internet, to make new friendships with other people .Also, people talk with their friends and relatives by cell phones almost everyday ,so lack of computers and cell phones reduces communication between people. Altogether, reducing social communication between people is one of negative effects of lack of computers and cell phones. Moreover, people without computers and cell phones will lose much time to accomplish small tasks. For example, if people do not have cell phones and want to take an appointment with dentist , they have to go to clinic and take an appointment which will take time .However, by using cell phones people could in a few minutes take call dental clinic and take an appointment. Eventually, if there are no phones and computers, people lose much time to do their jobs. Finally, life of people will be boring without computers and cell phones. Most...
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...ENGL 1010 Argumentative Paper: The use of embryonic stem cells for research. Stem cells are the center of large debates in today’s medical world. Stem cells are cells that are in an undifferentiated state and have the ability to transform into any kind of tissue depending on what the cells around them are. This ability to transform into any cell of the body makes them very interesting in medical research because they may have the ability to regenerate damaged human tissue. If adult stem cell research seems promising to cure some diseases, the research on embryonic stem cells seems unavoidable. That research is very controversial because those cells need to be taken from a live embryo; taking those cells will ultimately kill it. The embryonic stem cell research could lead the medical profession to find cures for diseases, giving hope to thousands of people, but is it worth killing a potential life for saving an existing one? Stem cells have a very high price (the lives of those embryos), but so many of those embryos may be destroyed anyway. Now, because the government does not want to take a real position on the problem, stem cell research is authorized as long as it does not use federal funds. Strict rules should be written encouraging research on stem cells but restricting the ways those embryos are collected, thereby allowing the United States to advance in modern medicine. Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated. This means that they have no function yet; therefore...
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...research legislation in the US? How does it compare to the rest of the world? The argument for life is often one that results in two circumstances – either life will go on or life will not. Millions of families are afflicted with diseases and disorders that they would do anything in any lifetime for cures to spare their loved ones. Stem cells through argument of science can cure diseases or help heal individuals who suffer from debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injuries, strokes, heart conditions, and burns to name a few. (Reaves, 2001) The argument for stem cell research proves to be one of both moral hazard and religious conviction. (G.Fischbach, 2004) On the moral side, the idea to use terminated pregnancies in order for gain or just their cells is unfathomable. The religious conviction is that individuals who terminated their pregnancies because of the assumed small value they placed on human life only made these cells available. However, these cells before they form human life are cells that have not generated into existing diseases or degenerative conditions. (NIH, 2009) Stem Cell research can be looked at in many ways, but it personally should be viewed a progression to better lives ruined by diseases and catastrophe, not regression and immoral in the eyes of deities and those superior. In the U.S. states funding for stem cell research was prominent in early part of the 21st century by both members of both the Democratic Party and the...
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...Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Felicitous or Unscrupulous DANGEROUS KNOWLEDGE In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Dr. Frankenstein's monster is a threat to society therefore, Victor owes it to humanity to act as a safeguard. With the rise in embryonic stem cell research (ESCR), the creators owe society protection as well. In order to combat damage to cells, human embryonic stem cells are used as transplants however, this new technology faces backlash for ethical concerns. THE STUDY OF STEM CELLS, BIRTH DEFECTS, AND DRUG TESTING The most common use of ESCs is dedicated to understanding how these cells work with the purpose of treating “diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's disease to leukemia”(Yu and Thomson). Researchers are also...
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...Research paper on Stem Cell Research Legislation and the related legal issues: What is the history of Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States? How does it compare to comparable statutes in the rest of the world? In this paper talk about what the current legislative state of affairs is and where the law on stem cells in the United States should go in the future and why. Make sure you use ample research and cited sources to support your arguments but make sure to state your own opinion on the issues as well. Stem Cell Research TJ AS OF: 2/4/2009--Introduced. Stem Cell Research Improvement Act of 2009 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services to conduct and support research that utilizes human embryonic stem cells, regardless of the date on which the stem cells were derived from a human embryo. Limits such research to stem cells that meet the following requirements: (1) the stem cells were derived from human embryos donated from in vitro fertilization clinics, were created for the purposes of fertility treatment, and were in excess of the needs of the individuals seeking such treatment; (2) prior to donation, it was determined that the embryos would never be implanted in a woman and would otherwise be discarded; and (3) the individuals seeking fertility treatment donated the embryos with written informed consent and received no financial or other inducements. Requires the Director of the National Institutes of...
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...Ashley McHugh Ms. Greve Biology I Academic (2)-1 11 January 2016 Sickle Cell Disease: A Chronic Cruelty Sickle cell disease is a collection of inherited blood cell disorders in which the hemoglobin in red blood cells mutates into a dangerous crescent shape. This crescent shape is “not flexible and can stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood.” Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the United States, but it primarily affects African Americans. Victims suffer from lifelong complications wherein the worst of the pain lies in sporadic episodes. Sickle cell disease is an incurable hereditary condition which produces abnormally shaped red blood cells that trigger periods of severe pain;...
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... | |Finding Cures and Protecting Life | | | Finding Cures and Protecting life Stem Cell Research offers hope to millions of American with diseases like Diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The hope has been that one day they may unlock the secret of human development and yield powerful therapies to treat a wide variety of genetic disorders and diseases, including cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and more. Catholic Church has actively encouraged stem cell research; Contrary to what some may believe, the church is not opposed to all forms of stem cell research. Catholic Church believes that the use of adult stem cells as a “better way” to achieve the therapeutic promise of stem cells. Only research using embryotic stem cells have been condemned by the Church. The stem cell debate is filled with controversy question and confusion about science, cures and how we should treat human life at every stage. So what is a stem cell, it is an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cells arise by differentiation. Or some people see stem cells are undifferentiated cells that serve the body as the universal building block...
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...Embryonic stem cell research has been a topic of controversy since the 1980’s when the practice started. Originally this type of research was banned by the federal government, but in 2009 Obama lifted the federal ban and allowed some funding. This type of research has not been accepted by American law or as a common convention. Stem cells have the ability to develop into many different types of cells such as nerve cells, cardiac cells, and liver cells and have regenerate to replace damaged cells. Stem cell research can be so beneficiary to lives and be an extraordinary scientific achievement. The problem is not many people agree. In this type of situation there is no in between the two arguments. Stem cell research should be permitted because...
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... Formal Essay I Stem Cell Controversy Religion and science, two forces that mix as well as oil and water. For thousands of years people have argued which side is correct: one extreme will tell you that a strong faith in God will lead to a better life, the latter extreme will tell you that life has many more complexities than just a faith a deity. These two both see life differently, the Christians think life should be cherished no matter how small or suffering. While science believes there can be something extracted from one’s small life, scientists have found, that the earliest cells of an embryo can be developed into any sort of cell. The study of this is known as stem cell research. The inner cell mass of blastocyst is extracted from the woman’s ovaries and differentiated into embryo bodies and from there they differentiate into either neuronal or pancreatic cells (bethesda). From here, it is difficult to produce enough stem cell lines or to produce the correct cell type (National Cancer Institute). This finding can save or increase many humans quality of life. But is it ethically correct? Is it morally correct? Could these findings interfere with the “circle of life”? Could this interfere with the genetic code of humans and astronomically change the world forever? Are we interfering with God’s will or the circle of life? The history of stem cell research is brief. In 1962, a new frog was produced by taking an adults frog’s intestinal cell and transporting it into...
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...Braun Stem Cell Research Free Write In todays world of medicine, stem cell research is considered to be the most modern of all forthcoming forms of therapy, when in fact it is not. Stem cells were discovered in 1961 by Dr. James Till and Ernest McCulloch who both worked at the Ontario cancer institute at the time. The existence of stem cells and their ability to essentially transform into any other type of cell in the human body was an incredible first step in the long since developed and debated topic of stem cell therapy. Stem cells were immediately suggested as a cure all for diseases originally thought to be incurable and chronic illness; none more notorious than Cancer. Since their discovery, stem cells have made an appearance in every area of human life from politics to medical treatment with regular stops at religion and moral ethics in between. Prior to any controversy, however, the potential of stem cells still had to be unveiled. Stem cells, in a nutshell, are a remarkably blank form of human or any eukaryotic cell. They have the ability to take on any sequence of DNA and become the respective encrypted cell. These stem cells are found almost in every living tissue, the only difference between a stem cell and a regular functioning cell is their ability to renew themselves through cell division and that they can be induced to become any other form of tissue. In example, a stem cell found in the liver can divide and become a brain cell. Stem cells are found in...
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