...In the linguistic evolution, the child must go through to achieve a good language, starting from babbling to first words or phrases. This process frequently appears in the first months. However, that time or specific age at which a child begins to talk may vary depending on many factors. One of the most important is hearing, but it is not the only factor, there are many other factors that influence such as sex (girls tend to improve their language skills, cognitive abilities and general development long before the boys) and among the most important is the stimulation that is given to the child. Hence, the family plays a very important role in the emergence and development of verbal language of the...
Words: 1025 - Pages: 5
...ANT 040: Language and Culture Kutztown University Dr. Schlegel Exercise #4 Due: Submit to the Exercise 4 dropbox in D2L by April 24th, 2015 at the beginning of class. This exercise is worth 15 points. This exercise requires you to review topics discussed over the course of the semester. Use the index of Ahearn to help you. Imagine you are a linguistic anthropology student who has been awarded a $100,000 research grant to produce an ethnography of communication. You may study any culture group or speech community in the world. Before the check is handed over to you, you must provide the following information: 1. the identification of a specific culture group/speech community/community of practice you will be researching and the reason why you selected that group (2 pts); After watching the Anthropology of YouTube video, the online community sparked my interests. If I had to choose, I would decide to study the online gaming community; for example Xbox live or computer games. I would consider myself to be a part of this community and would love to dive deeper into the communication during gaming and how the language can be brought into every day social interaction. 2. the specific language practices or linguistic structures you are interested in studying and why (3 pts); First and foremost, I want to look at the pragmatics of the gaming speech. I think it would be a great way to understand how new words are formed and I want to know why they are formed...
Words: 770 - Pages: 4
...Communicative approaches in favour of second language acquisition INTRODUCTION For ages, researchers have been developing their own methods, techniques and approaches in the field of learning English as a Second Language. Due to the fact that in the last decades communicative competence has emerged as a main goal; several theories have appeared. They have communication as an aim and are mainly learner centered. AIM The aim of this essay is to look at the concepts of communicative language teaching and task based language teaching. How are these concepts discussed by pedagogical researchers? Furthermore, the dissertation will analyze how communicative approaches are used in the example given where a chart is presented for the students to complete it, and later to serve as a basis for lively questions and discussions according to their level. The first questions ask us to justify the method used in this activity, whereas the second one gives us the opportunity to compare and find similarities or evidence of any other method. Finally, a view on how this activity promotes learners` second language acquisition will be presented. The task states “The use of charts was introduced in Chapter Four as means of providing comprehensive imput …( ) The construction of tables of information about the students can serve as a basis for interesting discussions …” . Then, the teacher creates a chart on the board so as to be completed with the weekly routines of some of the...
Words: 2886 - Pages: 12
...Hammouda Salhi University of Carthage, Tunisia hammouda_s@hotmail.com Abstract: This article investigates a topic at the interface between translation studies, lexical semantics and corpus linguistics. Its general aim is to show how translation studies could profit from the work done in both lexical semantics and corpus linguistics in an attempt to help ‘endear’ linguists to translators (Malmkjær, 1998). The specific objective is to capture the semantic and pragmatic behavior of the noun ‘destruction’ from its different translations into Arabic. The data are taken from an English-Arabic parallel corpus collected from UN texts and their translations (hereafter EAPCOUNT). While it seems that ‘destruction’ is monosemous, it turns out, after exploring its occurrences, to be highly polysemous and shows a case of complementary polysemy, where a number of alternations can be captured. These findings are broadly in line with the results reached in recent developments in lexical semantics, and more particularly the Generative Lexicon (GL) theory developed by James Pustejovsky. Some concrete suggestions are made at the end on how to enhance the relation between linguists and translators and their mutual cooperation. Key words: Lexical semantics, corpus linguistics, translation studies, complementary polysemy, coercion, parallel corpora, lexical ambiguities Résumé: Le présent article aborde un sujet à la croisée des études de traduction, de la sémantique...
Words: 8055 - Pages: 33
...Formalist stance, this essay will tackle some major artistic devices, which are irony and graphological deviation, and how they defamiliarize a literary text. The striking feature about this poem is the heavily presence of situational irony. This can be seen, for instance, in the speaker’s behavior. He seizes the opportunity of making love to a completely stranger woman in a bus. Ironically, the woman’s refusal of the speaker’s repulsiveness is simply because “it was too early in the morning and too soon after breakfast”. But after that “she joined the exercise”. Situational irony does not only draw readers’ attention to the humorist representation of love making, but also draws his attention to the artfulness of the poem making it unfamiliar from texts such as a newspaper article. This literary device also reflects a message transmitted by the poet in the sense that subverting social norms and values can be a healthy exercise. In a public sphere, people are constrained to behave according to certain ethics and rules. However, in this poem, there is a deviation from those rules. Irony, consequently, does not only mirror the literariness of the poem, but also reproduce a context and a message which is mainly seizing the...
Words: 591 - Pages: 3
...Historical development of syntax (linguisist) As syntax is one of the core foundations of all linguistic study, you can imagine there are countless linguists specialising in this field. So here you will find a summary in chronological order of some of the main faces in syntax. This topic runs very closely next to when is syntax studied, so make sure to take a look at the information on that page to understand the full picture. Wilhelm Humboldt (1767 to 1835) Wilhelm Humboldt was the first European linguist to identify the human language as rule governed, rather than just words and phrases which have meaning. This notion highly influenced Noam Chomsky's work, who often quoted Humboldt's idea that language "makes infinite use of finite means", which means that any number of sentences can be created using a restricted number of rules. Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 to 1913) Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure is an incredibly well known man in linguistics as he is considered to be one of the most influential linguists of the 20th Century. His work, 'Cours de Linguistique Generale, mentioned in when is syntax studied, is one of his best known works, compiled after his death. Which is generally thought to be the start 'structural linguistics'. Viggo Brondal (1887-1942) Viggo Brondal, a Danish Philologist, alongsde Louis Hjemslev founded the Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen. Hjemslev also went on to found the journal 'Acta Linguistica' in 1939. Noam Chomsky born 1928 As...
Words: 2440 - Pages: 10
...Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis Second Language Acquisition Research: Theoretical and Methodological Issues Susan Gass and Jacquelyn Schachter, Editors Monographs on Research Methodology Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis Edited by David Birdsong University of Texas LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS Mahwah, New Jersey London This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Copyright © 1999 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, NJ 07430 Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis/ edited by David Birdsong. p. cm. — (Second language acquisition research) Chiefly papers presented at a conference held Aug. 1996, Jyväskylä, Finland. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-3084-7 (alk. paper) 1. Second language acquisition—Congresses. I. Series. P118.2.S428 1998 401′.93–dc21 98–42609 CIP ISBN 1-4106-0166-8 Master e-book ISBN CONTENTS Credits...
Words: 4930 - Pages: 20
...PADMASHREE DR. D. Y. PATIL ARTS , COMMERCE AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, PIMPRI, PUNE 18 M.A. PART 2 SEM 3 PAPER 2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHING PROJECT TOPIC: “TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONTEXT” SUBMITTED BY: GAURAV .N. SHIMPI CHECKED BY: PROF. DIPTI PETHE YEAR : 2012 -2013 INDEX Introduction Aims and Objectives Meaning and Nature of Language English Language and Literature in India Role of Language in Teaching Literature Sociolinguistic Contest in Learning and Teaching English Language Conclusion Bibliography INTRODUCTION Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and...
Words: 4944 - Pages: 20
...Proficiency Level of English Communication Skills of BSHM-HRM Students in EARIST Cavite Campus: Input for Enhancement Program In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management ABSTRACT English is considered as the universal language therefore it is commonly used as medium of instruction in school, home, and even in society. Being proficient in it is an edge in many aspects like in career, technology, society and even in travelling foreign countries. However,despite of the advantages of being proficient in it, still most of the students were not able to express themselves properly. For some reason, some students could not achieve this we called English Language Proficiency. This study aims to determine the English language proficiency of BSHM-HRM students of EARIST Cavite Campus, Academic Year 2014-2015. A total of fifty (50) selected BSHM-HRM students were taken as respondents of the study. The questionnaire was the data-gathering instrument used. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Hospitality Industry is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Hence, it involves dealing with different people from different countries. In order to communicate with them, English proficiency is being used. Considered as a universal language, it is no wonder that most of the universities worldwide include English as one of their major subjects. Hence, it is...
Words: 7804 - Pages: 32
...WEEK | THEME | SPECIFICATION(S) | ACTIVITIES | APPROACHES(S) | METHOD(S) | EXERCISES | 5 | PEOPLE | 1.0 LANGUAGE FOR INTERPERSONAL USE 2.1 MAKE FRIENDS AND KEEP FRIENDSHIPS BYWriting simple letters to friends and family members observing correct format with salutation and ending(Level 3) | -The teacher shows students a sample of informal letter written to a friend. (The prose model approach).-Teacher then pick a few random students and asks them to describe the activities that they did during the holidays. (eg: visiting relatives, vacation, attending parties etc) (The experiential approach)-Teacher then lists all the activities on whiteboard and then;-Students are to write a letter to their pen-pal describing the activities that they did during the holidays choosing at least three of the activities listed on the board.(content based approach) | - the prose model approach-the experiential approach | -content based approach | Appendix 1 | 6 | SOCIAL ISSUES | 3.0 LANGUAGE FOR AESTHETIC USE 3.2 EXPRESS THEMSELVES CREATIVELY AND IMAGINATIVELY BYComposing simple poems, stories and dialogues at a level suitable to learners.(Level 3) | -Teacher discusses the current social issues with the students such as bullying, drug abuse, identity crisis and truancy among students.-Teacher then divides the students into groups and ask them to discuss together why this issues occur (eg: peer pressure, no self-discipline, lack of attention from family). (The epistemic approach)- Students...
Words: 526 - Pages: 3
...STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S HALF OF A YELLOW SUN BY OHANEDOZI LILIAN C. ENG/ 2009/ 126 FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY AMORJI- NIKE ENUGU STATE AUGUST 2013 e i TITLE PAGE STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S HALF OF A YELLOW SUN BY OHANEDOZI LILIAN C. ENG/ 2009/ 126 A RESEARCH WORK PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A) DEGREE IN ENGLISH FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY AMORJI- NIKE ENUGU STATE AUGUST 2013 e ii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research work is carried out by me. __________________ OHANEDOZI LILIAN C. ENG/ 2009/ 126 e iii APPROVAL We, the undersigned certify that we approve this research project carried out by Ohanedozi Lilian ENG/ 2009/ 126 as adequate in scope and quality for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Arts (B.A) in English. ____________________ Mrs. Nwanne, V.N (project Supervisor) ______________________ Date ____________________ Prof. Amadihe Ezugu (Head, Department of English) ______________________ Date ____________________ External Examiner ______________________ Date e iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to the supreme and infinite being for his incomprehensible mercies. e v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My profound gratitude goes to my able, tireless and loving supervisor Mrs Nwanne V.N for her motherly love and...
Words: 10061 - Pages: 41
...Can Grammar or Phonetics be taught through Games? Table of Contents I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………..……………1 II. What is Grammar?……………………………………………...………………………………2 III. The place of Grammar in the language teaching……………….…………...2-4 IV. Games and Grammar teaching/learning: A.Background of Grammar Games……………………………………………..…..……4 B.The function of Games………………………………………………………………4-5 C.The roles of teachers and learners………………………………….………5-6 D.Factors affecting Grammar Games: Age……………………………………………………………………..………6-7 Ability in the target language…………………………………..7 Motivation…………………………………………………………………..7-8 Size of group…………………………………………………………..8-9 Time…………………………………………………………………………....9 V. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...………10 VI. Appendix……………………………………………………………………………….…11-13 Introduction This paper aims at discussing the issue of teaching grammar through game activities, which derives its importance from the pursuit of excellence in language learning and teaching. At this point it is probably a good idea to start with some definitions of grammar, followed by the place of grammar in language teaching. In this context, researchers speak of the grammars of a language rather than of the grammar. Therefore, different methods of teaching a language will be presented and two of them will be discussed individually; that is to say, structural and communicative. What I would like to take into consideration...
Words: 5021 - Pages: 21
...the following journals and organizations for granting permission to reprint material: Newbury House, the Center for Applied Linguistics, Language Learning, TESOL, the SPEAQ Journal, Academic Press. I have had a great deal of help and feedback from many people in writing this book. Among the many scholars and friends I am indebted to are Marina Burt, Earl Stevick, Heidi Dulay, Robin Scarcella, Rosario Gingras, Nathalie Bailey, Carolyn Madden, Georgette Ioup, Linda Galloway, Herbert Seliger, Noel Houck, Judith Robertson, Steven Sternfeld, Batyia Elbaum, Adrian Palmer, John Oller, John Lamendella, Evelyn Hatch, John Schumann, Eugene Brière, Diane Larsen-Freeman, Larry Hyman, Tina Bennet, Ann Fathman, Janet Kayfetz, Ann Peters, Kenji Hakuta, Elinor Ochs, Elaine Andersen, Peter Shaw, and Larry Selinker. I also would like to express my thanks to those scholars whose work has stimulated my own thinking in the early stages of the research reported on here: John Upshur, Leonard Newmark, and S. Pit Corder all recognized the reality of language "acquisition" in the adult long before I did. I would also like the thank Eula P. Krashen and Judy Winn-Bell Olsen for their special contributions. ii Contents Introduction 1. Individual Variation in the Use of the Monitor 2. Attitude and Aptitude in Second Language Acquisition and Learning 3. Formal and Informal Linguistic Environments in...
Words: 54067 - Pages: 217
...This paperwork contains ENG 125 Week 5 Final Paper Linguistics - English Final paper In this course we have explored the many meanings which literature may have for us as well as literary themes, elements, and techniques common to the forms of the short story, poetry, and drama. In class discussions and written assignments, you have also had opportunities to reflect on your individual feelings, responses, and ideas about a number of literary works. The Final Paper is intended as an exercise in bringing together, or synthesizing, your reflections on literature and your understandings of the course material. This is a comparative paper which analyzes two to three literary works from the course readings which share a common theme. The paper should be organized by a thesis (argument), which is the main point of the entire essay. When developing a thesis for a comparative paper, consider how a comparison of the works provides deeper insight into the topic of your paper. In other words, think about why you have chosen to look at these particular works in relation to one another. In your analysis, also consider the relationships among content, form, and style. For example, how are the ways in which themes and ideas are represented and communicated relevant to your reading experience and to the work as a whole? You may choose from any of the topics and works listed at the end of this assignment description. (Please note that many of the listed themes relate to more than...
Words: 400 - Pages: 2
...Language Teaching Methodology Theodore S. Rodgers, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Background Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt's (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of "method" itself. Language Teaching Methodology Defined Methodology in language teaching has been characterized in a variety of ways. A more or less classical formulation suggests that methodology is that which links theory and practice. Theory statements would include theories of what language is and how language is learned or, more specifically, theories of second language acquisition (SLA). Such theories are linked to various design features of language instruction. These design features might include stated objectives, syllabus specifications, types of activities, roles of teachers, learners, materials, and so forth. Design features in turn are linked...
Words: 12744 - Pages: 51
