...IT250 Linux Home Work Chapter 4 1) What command can be used to list the files in a directory? dir 2) What command can be used to display the contents of a text file? cat 3) What command can be used to delete a file? rm Chapter 5 1) What commands can be used to compress a file? Gzip and bzip2 2) Name two text editing commands we used. nano and vim 3) What VIM command quits without saving. :q! 4) What VIM command saves and quits. ZZ 5) What VIM command is used to switch from text entry to command mode? Esc Chapter 6 1) What command allows us to check or change permissions? Chmod 2) When working with permissions, what symbolic permissions value of RW? Read and write 3) What is the numeric equivalent of this value? 6 Chapter 7 1) When used with a command, what does the > character do? Redirect output 2) What does grep do? Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern Chapter 8 1) Define GNOME GNOME is designed to be a Windows-like Desktop system Chapter 9 1) Define BASH. Bourne Again Shell GNU’s command interpreter for UNIX Chapter 10 1) What command can I use to identify the name of the computer I’m using? hostname 2) Define daemon. A program that runs in the background, rather than controlled by the user 3) Identify a daemon. ftp 4) Define FQDN. Fully qualified domain name, is the complete domain name for a specific host 5) Identify one top level domain. Infrastructure top-level domain Chapter 11 1) What is sudo? Super...
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...Nobody would have to pay for permission. Free software is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change. 2. Describe the relationship between Linux and the GNU project. There is really no direct relationship between them. The GNU programs are open source and have been adapted to work using the Linux kernel as well. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system. The whole system is basically GNU with Linux added. All the so-called “Linux” distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux. 3. List and describe in detail four advantages of Linux. Stability-Linux has an edge over Windows. In case Linux crashes, the kernel and other processes are usually not harmed. Free software-Most of the Linux software is free of cost. Runs on old hardware-Linux can be ran on older and slower machines. Security-Linux has the advantages of the code being in public domain. This can act like a double-edged sword while you can look at the code and developers can rapidly fix the holes hackers can find bad code. 4. List three examples of different hardware platforms on which Linux has been ported. It can be ported on x86, Alpha, and PowerPC. 5. What are the minimum system requirements for Fedora 15 with the GUI installed? Xen 3.46 6. What is the primary file system type used by Fedora 15 Linux? Ext4 7. What is LVM? What advantages does LVM have over traditional partitions? It allows you to manage logical volumes in a single partition it also...
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...1. 사무실에서 상사가 금요일 10:30 회의에 참석하라고 급하게 지시했는데, 이 일정을 메모할 펜을 찾을 수가 없다. 어떤 Linux 명령을 써서 Meeting이라는 파일에 이 메모를 저장할 수 있는가? 답 : B. cat > Meeting (cat이라는 명령어로 미팅이란 파일에 내가 입력한 내용을 저장) 2. 앞의 문제 1에서 메모하기 전에 금요일의 날짜를 메모에 포함시키기로 하였다. 어떤 Linux명령으로 금요일의 날짜를 알 수 있을까? 답 : A. cal (달력을 출력하는 명령어) 3. 명령을 타이핑하는 중에 명령과 함께 표시해야 할 파일 이름을 잘못 쳤다. 다음 중 어느 명령줄 키 조합(command-line key combination)이 되돌려서 오류를 정정할 수 있나? 답 : A. Ctrl+b (이전문자로 이동하는 명령줄 키 조합) (Alt+End, Ctrl+2, Shift+Alt+m 해당하는 조합은 책 어디에도 없었습니다.) 4. 지난 몇 달 동안 당신은 패스워드를 변경하지 않았고, 이제 새 패스워드로 바꾸려고 한다. 다음 명령 중 어느 것을 써야하나? 답 : D. passwd (패스워드를 새로지정하는 명령어) 5. cat명령에서 -n 옵션이 무엇에 쓰는 것인지 생각나지 않는다. 다음 중 어느 것을 써야 cat의 -n 옵션의 목적을 알아낼 수 있나? 답 : C. man cat (‘man 명령어‘는 해당 명령어의 매뉴얼을 볼수잇는 명령어) 6. 다음 중 어느 것이 AT&T Bell 연구소가 원래 개발한 UNIX 배포판인가? 답 : D. System V 7. Linux에서 쓰이는 기본 명령해석기(command interpreter)는 어느 shell인가? 답 : A. Bash shell (본문에 리눅스는 기본명령해석기로 bash shell를 사용한다고 나와있습니다.) 8. Annual_Report라는 파일의 끝에 텍스트 한 줄을 추가하려한다. 다음 명령 중 텍스트 한 줄을 추가할 수 있는 명령은 어느 것인가? 답 : C. cat >> Annual_Report (cat >> 파일이름 : 해당파일에 내용추가) 9. SSH는 (하는데) 쓰일 수 있다. 답 : B. 네트워크 상의 다른 컴퓨터에 로긴(log-in) 10. 오늘은 Linux서버관리자로서 첫날이어서 상사가 root 패스워드를 알려줬다. root가 무엇인가? 답 : D. UNIX/Linux 시스템에 완전한 접근을 할 수 있는 관리자 계정 11. project라 부르는 문서 파일에서 파일의 생성 날짜와 마지막으로 갱신된 날짜를 파일의 마지막 두 줄에 기록했다. 어느 명령이 project 파일의 마지막 두 줄을 보여줄까? 답 : c. tail -n 2 project (답은 이것이 맞으나 실제 실행시 저 문구대로 실행한다면 오류가 뜨면서 사용법을 보여준다. 그러므로 정확한 답은 tail –2 project) 12. man명령으로...
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...1. Submit written answer to the following questions: A. What command can be used to view a list of directory hierarchies, including the file system type? df -hT B. What command will display a list of NFS exports? ls /etc/exports C. What /etc/exports entry would export a directory named /nfs to all clients on the subnet 192.168.10.0 and give them read-only access? cat /nfs 192.168.10.0 (ro,sync) D. What entry would you place in /etc/fstab to mount the above export at boot time? Presume the directory hierarchy is being exported by a server named nfsserv, and the mount point is /mnt/nfs. nfsserv: /nfs 192.168.10.0 (ro,sync) /nfsserv.nfs E. What command line utility is used to create/change passwords for Samba user accounts? smbpasswd F. Why is it a bad idea to run swat (Samba Web Administration Tool) across an insecure network? The password is sent in cleartext over the connection you are using and can easily be “sniffed” G. What Samba share will allow users to use their home directories across a Windows network? [homes] H. What is the name of the main Samba configuration file? /etc/samba/smb.conf 2. Create an entry for the above file that would allow Samba to share a directory named /data. The share should be named Data, should be browsable and writable, and should only be accessible by a user named bob. cat /etc/samba/smb.conf [global] Workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = Samba Server Version %v log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m ...
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...software that respects users' freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. 4) The Free Software Foundation is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom and to defend the rights of all free software users. Linux is an open-source operating system modelled on UNIX. Linux is basicly the GNU system. Everyday users have help define this system. Pg. 50 EX 1) Installation of the Fedora/RHEL system involves a. Make sure the BIOS is set to boot from CD/DVD b. Insert the DVD in and reset the computer c. Computer BOOTs from DVD d. Make sure select the boot command line and begin installing Pg. 86 EX 1) A live system usually means an OS booted on a computer from a removable medium. Your OS is portable. I am assuming that you are using USB stick for your live OS. 2. Partitioning headaches for newbies are not there. 3. You can start testing and experiencing any other distro easily if you don't like the current one. 4) Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1) so that there is no issue of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive. 8) When the system enters runlevel 5 Pg. 498 EX 1. When a system is in single-user Mode you can log in only at the console. With the system in multiuser mode you can log in at any terminal or workstation that is set up for login. 3. The letters su stand for...
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...Carlos Espiritu 12/10/11 Week 1 homework Page 19 1. What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software includes GNU/Linux, Apache, and some examples of free applications are: KDE, OpenOffice.org. all these application can be used for router/mobile phones..Etc. Linux is free and price plays a roll but not so crucial as other OS. Also source code is available, and software can be used for any purpose, also can be studied and changed. Linux software can be distributed and changed versions as well. 2. What are multiuser sytems? Why are they successful? A multiuser system allows each user at their work terminals to be connected to the computer. The operating system of computer assigns each user a portion of RAM and drives the computer’s time among various users; it is also called time sharing system. In other words, a multiuser system allows many users to simultaneously access the facilities of the host computer. This type of system is capable of having 100’s of users use this computer at once. The commonly used multiuser systems are: 1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK 2. WIDE AREA NETWORK 3. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK. 3. In what language is linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of linux? Linux is written in the C programming language and because it is written in the C language the language can be imbedded in all type of devices from TV’s, to PDA’s, cell phones, cable boxes for the reason of this language being so portable...
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...| IT250 Linux Operating System | Jerry Black | Spring 2012 | | | | Course Description: Installation, configuration and management of a Linux operating system will be explored. Focus will be on functions that resemble the UNIX environment. Directory and file management, user account management and certain device management (such as drives, printers, interface cards, etc.) will be discussed. Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisite: IT103 Operating Systems Credit hours: 4 Contact hours: 50 (30 Theory Hours, 20 Lab Hours) Syllabus: Linux Operating System Instructor | Jerry Black | Office Hours | Thursday, 4PM-6PM | Class Hours | Monday, 6:00PM – 10:20PM | Contact | Ms. Travis, 937-264-7707 | | jblack@itt-tech.edu | Major Instructional Areas 1. Introduction to Linux 2. Linux installation 3. Graphical user interface (GUI) desktops 4. Command-line interface (CLI) essentials 5. Hardware configuration: display, network, and printer 6. Networking: Resource sharing and remote access 7. Backup and restore utilities 8. Installing software in Linux 9. Scripting: Bourne Again Shell (bash) and Perl 10. Apache Web Server installation and configuration Course Objectives 1. Discuss the history and unique characteristics of the Linux operating system. 2. Perform an installation of Linux. 3. Use the components and features of the GNOME desktop environment. 4. Perform basic tasks by...
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...Unit 9: Basic Linux Administration Objectives 9: Administer and maintain a Linux system. 9.1: Create users and groups by using the CLI and GUI tools. 9.2: Back up a Linux system by using the tar utility. 9.3: Maintain effective logs by using the log rotate utility. Readings A Practical Guide to Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Chapter 11, pp. 407-425 * Chapter 16 In-Class Assessment * Week 9 Quiz: Homework The following homework is designed to cover the course objectives for this unit. Assignment 9.1: Complete the following exercise in your textbook: * Chapter 16: Question 1-5 on page 643 Submit your written answer to your instructor at the start of Unit 10. Labs Instructor Notes: Assign students the following lab which can be printed from Appendix D. Lab 9.1: Using tar to Back Up Files What is the purpose? This lab exercise lets you perform basic file backup on your Linux system. What are the steps? Task 1: Backing up with tar Procedure 1. Open a terminal window as a regular user. 2. Create a directory named backup in your home directory. 3. Copy some files from your home directory into your new directory. 4. Create a backup of your new directory by using tar and compress the file with bzip2. Make sure that the backup file is not placed in the directory you are backing up. You will need to: a. Create permission. b. Choose verbose mode option. c. Choose the bzip2 file format. d. Specify...
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...Claudia Goodman IT302 Homework 2 Security-Enhanced Linux The NSA has long been involved with the computer security research community in investigating a wide range of computer security topics including operating system security. It recognizes the critical role of operating system security mechanisms in supporting security at higher levels. End systems must be able to enforce confidentiality and integrity requirements to provide system security. Unfortunately, existing mainstream operating systems lack the critical security feature required for enforcing separation: mandatory access control. Application security mechanisms are vulnerable to tampering and bypass, and malicious or flawed applications can easily cause failures in system security. The results of several of these projects in this area have yielded a strong, flexible mandatory access control architecture called Flask. This has been mainstreamed into Linux and ported to several other systems, including the Solaris™ operating system, the FreeBSD® operating system, and the Darwin kernel. This provides a mechanism to enforce the separation of information based on confidentiality and integrity requirements and it allows threats of tampering and bypassing of application security mechanisms to be addressed while enabling the confinement of damage that can be caused by malicious or flawed applications. This is simply an example of how mandatory access controls that can confine the actions of any process, including an...
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...users have the freedom to distribute and change. 2. Describe the relationship between Linux and the GNU Project. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called “Linux” distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux. 3. List and describe in detail four advantages of Linux. Applications – Linux is both free and commercial as well as a wide variety of tools: graphical, word processing, networking, security administration, Web server and many others. Flexibility - Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite. Performance - Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again. Stability - Linux doesn’t need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesn’t...
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...information. 8. The max day setting is used for the max amount of day you can have that password before it has to be changed. This setting is good for allowing the user to think of a new strong password or if they are lazy the last time they can wait to change this password. 9. This will apply to all accounts on this machine, or that use this machine to access the network/server. The next time you change the password on a existing account you will receive these warnings 10. First you would create the accounts for each users, and add each to a group they need to be in to get their jobs done. After this is complete, you would issue the command su –c ‘chage –E (YYYY-MM-DD) “username” this being for the 14days they will need access to the linux machine....
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...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Journal Post (8/17) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Chapter 1 Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Journal Post (8/24) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Chapter 2 Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 Journal Post (9/7) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Chapter 3 Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Journal Post (9/12) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Chapter 4 Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Chapter 5 Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 NOS 120 Test 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 Linux File System vs. Windows File System …………………………………………………………………………………………. 27 Journal Post (9/14) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 10.04 Sources List ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Things to do after installing Ubuntu 10.04 …………………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Journal Post (9/21) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 How to make Ubuntu look like a Mac ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 Journal Post (9/28) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 Journal Post (10/6)...
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...edhat® ® Te r r y C o l l i n g s & K u r t W a l l UR ON IT OOLS IN Y T C E CD-R L TH O ED UD M Linux Solutions from the Experts at Red Hat ® ® P R E S S™ SEC Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Terry Collings and Kurt Wall M&T Books An imprint of Hungry Minds, Inc. Best-Selling Books G Digital Downloads G e-Books G Answer Networks e-Newsletters G Branded Web Sites G e-Learning New York, NY G Cleveland, OH G Indianapolis, IN Red Hat® Linux® Networking and System Administration Published by Hungry Minds, Inc. 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 www.hungryminds.com Copyright © 2002 Hungry Minds, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book, including interior design, cover design, and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2001093591 ISBN: 0-7645-3632-X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1O/RT/QT/QS/IN Distributed in the United States by Hungry Minds, Inc. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia and New Zealand; by TransQuest Publishers Pte Ltd. for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand...
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...Vinh Nguyen Cnet 197 Unit 01 - short answer Homework: Why is Linux popular? Why is it popular in academia? The Linux kernal is executed independently of both BSD and System V. Linux puts the power of UNIX within easy reach of both business and personal computer users. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful? Multiuser systems allow users to use all of the system at the same time. The cost of resources can be maximized and cost per user can be minimized. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? A project which Richard Stallman created a complete Unix-compatible system where everyone can use it. What is Linux? A set of tools that allow users to connect and use these utilities to build systems and applications. What is a shell? How does it work with the kernel? With the user? Shell is a software that provides an interface for users. Shell provides access to the services of a kernal. Shell makes the user's job faster and easier. What is the difference between a multiprocessor and a multiprocessing system? a multiprocessor is a small chip insisde a computer system and a multiprocessing system is a computer that is able to have multiple people running processes on a computer at the same time without affecting other users. What is an installer? A software component used for the installation, maintenance, and removal of software. Would you set up a GUI on a server system? Why or why not? Yes, for easier access to programs ...
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...Paper At the time of the scenario, some dire consequences were predicted for FOSS. How has FOSS fared since then? But now there's a shadow hanging over Linux and other free software, and it's being cast by Microsoft (Charts, Fortune 500). The Redmond behemoth asserts that one reason free software is of such high quality is that it violates more than 200 of Microsoft's patents. And as a mature company facing unfavorable market trends and fearsome competitors like Google (Charts, Fortune 500), Microsoft is pulling no punches: It wants royalties. If the company gets its way, free software won't be free Anymore. The conflict pits Microsoft and its dogged CEO, Steve Ballmer, against the "free world" - people who believe software is pure knowledge. The leader of that faction is Richard Matthew Stallman, a computer visionary with the look and the intransigence of an Old Testament prophet. Microsoft counters that it is a matter of principle. "We live in a world where we honor, and support the honoring of, intellectual property," says Ballmer in an interview. FOSS patrons are going to have to "play by the same rules as the rest of the business," he insists. "What's fair is fair." (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/05/28/100033867/) What impact have these events made since then? Or will they make? Well, Linux is still alive and active, and all of the products you mentioned are still active as well. Ubuntu just got a new release today, and it still includes Samba...
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