...time or at different time. It allows many users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously. Some permit 100's to 1000 users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously. They are successful because of the powerful, efficient, stable and secure operating systems like LINUX. It has a capability of providing each user the same data ensuring total privacy from each user even while accessed by 100's of users simultaneously. 2. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? Linux? Which parts of the GNU/Linux operating system did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system? The Free Software Foundation (www.fsf.org) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compilers that are part of the GNU/Linux Operating Systems. Linux is the name of an operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and expanded and improved What are multiuser by thousands of people on the Internet. Torvalds’s kernel and GNU’s tools work together as the GNU/Linux Operating System. 3. In what language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux? Linux is written in the C programming language and because it is written in the C language the language can be imbedded in all type of devices from TV’s, to PDA’s, cell phones, cable boxes for the reason of this language being so portable. 4. What is a shell? How does it work with the kernel? With the...
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...Francisco Ramirez Unit 5 assignment 1 Ch. 18 1. Sftp-secure file transfer protocol is a network protocol that provides file access, transfer, and management over a trusted data stream. Scp-secure transfer protocol is a network protocol that transfers data that can withstand or is immune to interception and tampering. 2. Use the “ssh host who” command in the terminal to show who is logged in 3. Scp user@bravo:-r your@home:blank 4. “$ ssh plum xterm” or use this command with “-y” if x11 forwarding is not trusted 5. The problem that enabling compression prevent when using a ssh to run remote x11 applications on a local display would be that this creates a backup feature. Should the computer crash, all of your work will be saved on the hard drive. 6. Check with the remote administrator to see if something has changed. Ch. 20 1. Edit “etc/aliases file to include the entry: root, var/logs/systemmail 2. “Cat~/. Forward”, then max@bravo.com then “/max” 3. Edit “/etc/mail/access” and add the following: “connect 192.168.1.1 relay” 4. “dnl” stand for “delete to new line”, works the same as # in shell script; it instructs the compiler to ignore any line followed by “dnl” 5. Go to content configuration on Spamassassin, then under “required spam assassin score”, change 3 to 5. 6. First, type the mail followed by the e-mail address of the recipient: mail Max@email.com, then type the subject line, then press enter. Type your message, then...
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...NT1430: Linux Networking Unit 4 Homework Assignment Chapter 14: 1. Which commands can you use from the command line to send a file to the default printer? a. lpoptions –d printer 2. Which command would you give to cancel all print jobs on the system? a. cancel job-id 3. Which commands list your outstanding print jobs? a. lpc status 4. What is the purpose of sharing a Linux printer using Samba? a. Sharing a Linux printer using Samba allows Windows and OS/2 clients to send print jobs to the printer. 5. Name three printing protocols that CUPS supports. Which is the CUPS native protocol? a. 1.) System-config-printer 2.) lpinfo Displays available drivers 3.) lpadmin configures printers b. IPP is the native protocol Chapter 10: 1. Describe the similarities and differences between these utilities: a. Scp and ftp i. SCP stands for Secure Copy Protocol, and FTP is an acronym for the File Transfer Protocol, which was the original file transfer protocol. SCP and FTP are two applications for copying files from one computer to another. Both were based on their own protocols, but both now use different prtocols. b. Ssh and telnet i. Both are text-based protocols: mouse movements cannot be transferred only keystrokes. Both are connection-oriented and are client-server protocols. The main difference is in security. SSH offers security mechanisms that protect the user against anyone with malicious intent while Telnet has no security measures whatsoever. c. Rsh and...
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...Justin Freetage IT 1430 Linux Networking Week 3 1 DNS: is a standard technology for managing the names of Web sites and other Internet domains. 2 Domain: a domain is a sub network made up of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database. Within a domain, users authenticate once to a centralized server known as a domain controller, rather than repeatedly authenticating to individual servers and services. Individual servers and services accept the user based on the approval of the domain controller. 3 FQDN: is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS). It specifies all domain levels, including the top-level domain and the root zone. 4 DNS Resolver: The client-side of the DNS is called a DNS resolver. It is responsible for initiating and sequencing the queries that ultimately lead to a full resolution (translation) of the resource sought, e.g., translation of a domain name into an IP address. 5 Host Name: is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured. 6 DNS Zone: is a portion of a domain name space using the Domain Name System (DNS) for which administrative responsibility has been delegated. 7 Zone File: zone file is a text file...
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...Linux Features of Red Hat Red hat has many different features, I will cover a few of the main features in this section, and Red Hat contains more than 1,200 components covering a broad range of functionality. Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides CIOs and IT managers with the means to reduce costs while improving operational flexibility throughout their computing infrastructure. The following list provides a brief summary of the more important features: * Virtualization is provided in all Red Hat Enterprise Linux server products and is optionally available for desktop products. * Storage and extended server virtualization are provided with Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform. * Red Hat Network supports virtualized guest operating systems * Virtual-manager, other management tools are available for single system or scripted virtualization management. * Integration with Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is available for enterprise virtualization management. Networking & interoperability * Network storage enhancements include Autofs, FS-Cache, and iSCSI support * IPv6 support and conformance enhancements * Improved Microsoft® file/print and Active Directory integration, including support for Windows Security Features * SE Linux enhancements include Multi-Level Security and targeted policies for all services * SE troubleshooter GUI simplifies SE Linux management * Integrated directory and security capabilities * IPSEC enhancements...
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...Linux and Windows Server Critique Team C POS 420 June 25, 2012 Yevgeniy Tovshteyn Linux vs. Windows Both Linux and Windows are operating systems with advantages and differences in functionality and user friendliness. With networking becoming an important part of company operation in this day and age. Kudler will come to depend on networking for availability to the marketplace via the Internet, while requiring their internal systems for email, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone systems, and using business data. Linux and Windows are the only 2 operating systems that have grown to the top level in the field of networking. Learning Team C examines these types of strengths and weaknesses regarding security, administration, performance, and programming. Kudler Fine Foods Current Systems: 3 locations: La Jolla, Del Mar, and Encinitas La Jolla Novell 4.11 Server for POS 4 POS Workstations with Pentium II, Windows 9X 1 Standalone UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) 1 Server with Inventory Spreadsheet with Pentium II, 64mg Ram, Windows 9X, external CD burner and bubble jet printer. 1 Server with NT Server 1 56K modem Del Mar Novell 4.11 Server for POS 4 POS Workstations with Pentium II, Windows 9X 1 Standalone UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) 1 Server with Inventory Spreadsheet with Pentium II, 64mg Ram, Windows 9X, external CD burner and bubble jet printer. 1 Server with NT Server 1 56K modem Encinitas Novell 4.11 Server for POS 4 POS...
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...Microsoft, Linux, and Mac OS. Each of these offer different ways to view the internet (browser), as well as interact with other computer systems via the internet. Each of these operating systems has almost a cult following whose users are very good at them. The most commonly used OS would be the Microsoft line of operating systems. These started from Windows 3.1 and have evolved to the most recent Windows 8. These operating systems are the most commonly used due to the easy to use GUI and Microsoft has one of the largest software libraries out there. Most Companies use a mix of Microsoft and Linux server systems. The most commonly used version is currently Windows XP, but due to the drop of support, will soon be Windows 7. A large factor to the commonality of this OS is due to the gaming industry and social networking sites. With the increase of graphical complexity of games increasing exponentially, the operating systems needed to be more efficient in its utilization of resources. Then, tie in the MMORPG (Massive multiplayer online role playing game), and you need a system that can put graphics and online resources together to allow playability. Why play a game by yourself when you can play online with a huge player base. With the Social networking, you need a system that can update via internet almost on the millisecond just to be up to date with the multiple sites. On the server side of the internet, the most commonly used operating system is Linux or UNIX...
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...Riordan’s Windows Server and Linux Critique Learning Team A POS/420 Date: Instructor: Riordan’s Windows Server and Linux Critique At the request of Riordan Manufacturing, Inc., the project team conducted a thorough review to compare the advantages and disadvantages of Windows Server and Linux. The recommendation of an operating system will ensure Riordan’s business operations continue with compatibility between all locations with the highest level of security, administration, networking, performance, and programmabilityimplemented. Security Although there are proponents everywhere for each type of operating system available on the market today, the focus of this project team, at the request of Riordan management, is to compare the security advantages and disadvantages of Windows Server and Linux. Windows Server Advantages. Windows Server has improved over the years in providing basic security provisions for administrators. Access to any system is extremely important to security professionals, such as domain name system (DNS), active directory domain services (AD), and access to web servers using Internet Information Services (IIS). DNS security extensions (DNSSEC) provide added security when a consumer is gaining access to a company’s website as well as how the company interacts...
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...Premise Linux was created as a variation of UNIX by Linux Torvalds in 1991. He created it as open source with a GNU (GPL) General Public License and a lot of coders began downloading the source code and creating their own programs with it. They created patches and fixes for bugs to improve the Linux OS use experience. Security Advantages and Disadvantages Linux and Windows Server share logical security mechanisms that work similar in principle. Both are advantages in their own right using different techniques to secure a network. The importance of network security and how users have access to a network can be maintained not only through best practices but, a strict policy as well. Linux and Windows Server use security mechanisms directly manipulated by the OS, called account privileges. The key advantage with this mechanism is how it assigns a user account privilege to folders and files within the operating system. Linux users are not assigned “root “privilege as default instead the user is assigned an account with low-level privilege. Setting read, write, and execute permissions for owner, group, and other users to give them access control to specific files and folders is usually controlled through the Command Line Interface (CLI) yet some distributions of Linux may also have a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows an administrator to change permissions. Windows Server is similar in the way is too assigns account privileges to users. The client/server architecture...
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...* * * * * Benefits and Disadvantages of UNIX® or Linux® Versus Microsoft® Windows Server® Virtual Company: Riordan Kenneth Fleming, Eddy Garcia, H. RaShonda Harris, Lupita Sebastian and John Ward University of Phoenix – POS 420 Introduction to UNIX September 19, 2012 Introduction History Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer who employs over 500 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. Riordan's major clientele include automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers (Apollo Group, Inc., 2005). With manufacturing plants in Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan, and Hangzhou, China, Riordan’s e-business plays a vital role in continued growth. Riordan’s Internet site states, “Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the differences between UNIX/Linux versus Microsoft Windows. Our paper will discuss facts that cover security, administrative, networking, performance, programmability. Security Technical One of the key differences between the Unix approach to system security and the MS Windows approach is that significant security characteristics of Unix systems are a consequence of good architectural design. Modularity within the system is another example of architectural security in UNIX, but lacking in MS Windows. These...
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...configuring services, what Linux directory typically contains server configuration files? cn=config is the is the subtree location where the default configuration is stored as a series of LDAP entries. 2. What command disables remote access to the MySQL Database? Is this a security hardening best practice? Remote access is disabled by default. Hardening security is recommended by installing the whole security package: Antivirus and Antispam, Firewall, and all of the security packages recommended by your operating system. 3. What is a Linux runlevel for a specific service or application? What command allows you to define the runlevel for a service or application? Runlevel 0 = halt Runlevel 1 = Single user mode Runlevel 2 = Basic multi-user mode (without networking)/User defineable Runlevel 3 = Full (text based) multi-user mode/Mulit-user mode Runlevel 4 = Not used Runlevel 5 = Full (GUI based) multi-user mode/Full multi-user mode Runlevel 6 = reboot /etc/rc.d 4. What is the Apache Web Server? Review the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf configuration file, and point out a setting that could enhance security. The worlds most popular Web server. mod_reqtimeout.c = Set timeout and minimum data rate for receiving requests/set this to RequestReadTimeout header=10 body=30 (Allow 10 seconds to receive the request including the headers and 30 seconds for receiving the request body) 5. OpenSSH is the de facto method to remotely access Linux systems. Explain why the use...
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...Exploring Linux Operating Systems What is Linux? Linux is an Operating System for a computer; it is like other Operating Systems such as Windows and the OS X for MAC. Linux was created in 1991 and has been found on many different systems like Super Computers, cell phones, and even the New York stock exchange. What sets Linux apart from other Operating Systems is that Linux is made by several different companies. According to www.linux.com over 3,200 developers have from 200 companies have contributed to the kernel which is just a small piece of the distribution. How is Linux used today? While other Operating Systems are very limited to personal computing devices, Linux is not limited it can be found on many different things. Linux had its start as a server Operating System but is also one of the only Operating System that can be found on more than just a personal computer. Some of the different things it can be found on taken from www.linux.com “These are just the most recent examples of Linux-based devices available to consumers worldwide. This actual number of items that use Linux numbers in the thousands.” www.linux.com File Editors Coming from a Windows Operating System pretty much my whole life, which means I only have experience with GUI editors such as Notepad from Windows. After working with Linux and its file editors this past week I found it much faster and easier than using the notepad system in Windows. There are two different kinds of editors...
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...Unix / Linux vs. Microsoft Windows Server Student Name Goes Here Class Number Goes Here Due Date Goes Here Professor Name Goes Here Unix / Linux vs. Microsoft Windows Server Introduction Pace Glass Company is a global cutting, polishing and bending company with operating facilities in two U.S. cities. Pace Glass Company's major clientele include RV manufacturers, specialty car manufacturers, automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, appliance manufacturers and most prestigiously N.A.S.A. With manufacturing plants in Southwest Michigan and Northwest Ohio, Pace Glass Company's online business plays a vital role in continued growth and as such there is heavy consideration underway as to which type of computer operating base the company upgrades will be implemented against. Pace Glass executives and partners recognize that security and reliability are key to the continued growth in their online presence which plays a substantial role in system determination. Purpose The purpose of this study is to discuss the differences between Unix, Linux and Microsoft Windows and server environments. This study will discuss facts that cover security, administrative, networking, performance, programmability as well as provide a briefing in conclusion. Security Approach A fundamental difference between the Unix approach to system security and the Windows approach is that significant security characteristics of Unix systems are a consequence of good architectural design...
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...lab it is recommended that you review the Demo Lab presentations in the Unit 5 and Unit 6 Learning Space. Click the PRACTICE link > DEMO LAB > then click the hyperlink to launch the demonstration. Part #1 Apply Hardened Security for Linux Services & Applications Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students will learn about the following tasks: * Harden Linux server services when enabling and installing them, and keep a security perspective during configuration * Create an Apache Web Server installation and perform basic security configurations to assure that the system has been hardened before hosting a web site * Configure and perform basic security for a MySQL database, understanding the ramifications of a default installation and recommending hardening steps for the database instance * Install, setup and perform basic security configuration for Sendmail to be able to leverage the built-in messaging capabilities of the Linux System * Enable and implement secure SSH for encrypted remote access over the network or across the Internet of a Linux server system Overview This lab is an extension of the previous hands-on labs, and it incorporates security hardening for Linux services and applications loaded in the physical server. This demonstration will configure security and hardened services and applications to ensure C-I-A of these services. It will take the steps to configure and secure an Apache web server and...
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...Linux Security Lab 5 Apply Hardened Security for Linux Services & Applications 1. /etc 2. Edit skip-networking in the document. This is disabled by default so I think it is a best practice. Init Level | Comments | 0 | Runlevel 0 is reserved for the "shutdown" phase. Entering init 0 from the shell prompt will shutdown the system and usually power off the machine. | 1 | Runlevel 1 is usually for very basic commands. This is the equivalent to "safe mode" used by Windows. This level is usually only used to asses repairs or maintenance to the system. This is a single-user mode and does not allow other users to login to the machine. | 2 | Runlevel 2 is used to start most of the machines services. However, it does not start the network file sharing service (SMB, NFS). This will allows multiple users to login to the machine. | 3 | Runlevel 3 is commonly used by servers. This loads all services except the X windows system. This means the system will boot to the equivalent of DOS. No GUIs (KDE, Gnome) will start. This level allows multiple users to login to the machine. | 4 | Runlevel 4 is usually a "custom" level. By default it will start a few more services than level 3. This level is usually only used under special circumstances. | 5 | Runlevel 5 is everything! This will start any GUIs, extra services for printing, and 3rd party services. Full multi-users support also. This runlevel is generally used on by workstations. | 6 | Runlevel 6 is reserved for...
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