...TERM PAPER Topic:LCD (LIQUED CRYSTAL DISPLAY) DOA: 22/02/2010 DOS: 06/05/2010 Submitted to: Submitted by: Bindu ABSTRACT LCD projectors are becoming smaller and less expensive, and are starting to incorporate built-in light sources and speakers. LCD panels are also improving in resolution and response. An LCD panel is fairly light and thin, but require a separate overhead projector. The LCD projector contains its own light source, so no overhead projector is required. These have more multimedia features than LCD panels, and usually include speakers and multiple inputs and outputs. Polysilicone LCDs are smaller, and allow more light to pass through than thin-film transistor LCDs. LCD projectors typically weigh between 10 to 50 pounds. Heavier ones are also available that can achieve movie screen quality, although these are more costly, and better suited to permanent installations. Most LCD panel devices have a screen of between 8.4 and 10.4 inches diagonally. A good panel or projector will also provide on-screen adjustment, remote control and a hard shell carrying case. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to present my votes of thanks to all those guidepost who really acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this project that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of this study. Name-Rahul Rawat ...
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...based systems – Mapping LCD data signals to the LCD controller signals – LCD data bandwidth Examples Passive and active LCD technologies How an LCD works An array of Liquid Crystal segments – When not in an electrical field, crystals are organized in a random pattern – When an electric field is applied, the crystals align to the field – The crystals themselves do not emit light, but ‘gate’ the amount of light that can pass through them • Crystals aligned perpendicular to a light source will prevent light from passing through them Each LCD segment is aligned with an electric field A light source (backlight) is needed to drive light through the aligned crystal field Courtesy of Sharp Passive displays Passive LCD panels – Consists of a grid of row and columns electrical signals – Columns and rows connect perpendicularly to every segment in the LCD • Columns and rows are multiplexed to many different segments – An IC controls which column and row are selected to enable or disable the segment at the row/column intersection – A small bias is applied to the row and column to generate a field at the intersection • • No charge is stored at the segment It may take multiple passes to correctly align the field to the desired value STN LCDs are passive displays Active displays Active LCD panels – Consists of a grid of row and columns electrical...
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...101: Mechanics Topic: -LIQUID CRUSTAL DISPLAY DOA: 28/08/2010 DOR: 28/09/2010 DOS: 10/11/2010 Submitted to: Submitted By: Ms. Neeti Walia Deptt. of Physics Roll. No. A13 Sec: E4001 Reg. No: 11007103 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to present my votes of thanks to all those guidepost who really acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this project that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of This study. We are highly thankful to Miss NEETI WALIA for her active support, valuable time and advice, whole-hearted guidance, sincere cooperation and pains-taking involvement during the study and in completing the assignment of preparing the said project within the time stipulated. Lastly, We are thankful to all those, particularly the various friends , who have been instrumental in creating proper, healthy and conductive environment and including new and fresh innovative ideas for us during the project, their help, it would have been extremely difficult for us to prepare the project in a time bound framework. TABLE OF CONTENTS:- INTRODUCTION WHAT IS LCD THEORY OF LCD TYPES OF LCD PASSIVE-MATRIX ADDRESSED LCD ACTIVE-MATRIX ADDRESED LCD ADVANTAGE N DISADVANTAGE COLOUR DISPLAY APPLICATIONS OF LCD BIBLIOGRAPHY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY INTRODUCTION:- LCDs are super-thin displays that are used in laptop...
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...Liquid Crystal Display The LCD is used for the purpose of displaying the words which we are given in the program code. This code will be executed on microcontroller chip. By following the instructions in code the LCD display the related words. Fig.5.6 shows the LCD display. 5.3.1 Introduction [pic] Fig. 5.6: LCD Display The LCD display consists of two lines, 20 characters per line that is interfaced with the PIC16F73.The protocol (handshaking) for the display is as shown in Fig. The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands (RS=0) and the second for characters to be displayed (RS=1). It also contains a user-programmed RAM area (the character RAM) that can be programmed to generate any desired character that can be formed using a dot matrix. To distinguish between these two data areas, the hex command byte 80 will be used to signify that the display RAM address 00h will be chosen Port1 is used to furnish the command or data type, and ports 3.2 to 3.4 furnish register select and read/write levels. Theory A liquid crystal is a material (normally organic for LCDs) that will flow like a liquid but whose molecular structure has some properties normally associated with solids. The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a low power device. The power requirement is typically in the order of microwatts for the LCD. However, an LCD requires an external or internal light source. It is limited to a temperature range of about 0°C to 60°C and lifetime...
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...DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISPLAYS 1. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) Technology This technology has been in use for more than 100 years, and is found in most televisions and computer monitors. Beams of electrons, from an electron gun are projected towards the fluorescent screen, within a vacuum, and each time it hits the screen, a phosphor dot lights up inside the glass tube, and thus illuminating active protons of the screen. Repetitions through the screen form a complete image. The image colour depends on the intensity of the three beams of RED, BLUE and Green. The screen is usually made of thick glass to prevent the emitting of x-rays to the environment. The tube has high stress due to the presence of the vacuum which can cause an explosion if the outer glass was to break. These types of screens are very hard to recycle because they have high concentration of lead and phosphors 2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Technology This technology uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. This display uses two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them (thus the name liquid crystal display). An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them, acting like a filter. The screen is then put in front of a light source in order to produce images. When light falls on a pixel on the screen, the pixel appears black but change in the amount of voltage flowing in each pixels results in varying amount...
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...[pic] TOPIC:- LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY [pic] SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- Swetha chadha D.kranthi ram SEC. :-M3R16 ROLL NO. REG NO. :- 11013455 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY TABLE OF CONTENTS |SNO |TOPIC |PAGE | | | |NO | |1 |what is lcd | 8 | |2 |Technology behind lcd |9 | | |monitor | | |3 |Working of lcd monitor |10 | |4 |Features of lcd television |11 | |5 |Diff between lcd and plasma|12 | |6 |Texas instrument’s test |14 | |7 |High transmissive tft lcd |16 ...
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... |Liquid crystals |8 | |5 |Working Principle and operation |9 | |6 |Types of LCDs |12 | |7 |Advantages of LCDs |13 | |8 |Disadvantages of LCDs |14 | |9 |Applications of LCDs |16 | |10 |Discussions |19 | |11 |Conclusions |20 | |12 |References |21 | Abstract: Today we see items containing an LCD (liquid crystal display) everywhere. They are all around us -- in laptop computers, digital clocks and watches, microwave ovens, CD players and many other electronic devices. From the wrist watch and pocket calculator to an advanced VGA computer screen, the liquid crystal display has evolved into an important and versatile interface. A liquid crystal display consists of an array of tiny segments (called pixels) that can be manipulated to present information. This basic idea is common to all displays,...
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...SCSI narrow and wide SCSI, the narrow SCSI has 50 pins and the wide has 68 pins. Video 1.09 teaches that there are two types of monitors, you have CRT and LCD. CRT stands for cathode ray tube and LCD stands for liquid crystal display. The CRT is similar to an old television and the LCD uses thin film transistors and the back lighting is through polarized panels. Your specifications of a monitor include screen size, contrast ratio, refresh rate, response time, interfacing, dot pitchand pixel pitch. Video 1.11 focuses on types of printers and the types of problems that come with each. There is the Dot Matrix, Ink Jet and the laser printers. Overall the videos covered your computer basics and the parts that make it productive. I could comprehend the objective of the videos but they all covered a plethora of information in a matter of minutes, so I feel there was a lot that I missed. Fortunately what I did not catch in the video chapter three in my textbook fills in. Topics in the videos: * Ports and Connectors * Types of Monitors * Types of Printers Terms used in the videos: * USB- universal serial bus * IRQ- interrupt request * SCSI- small computer systems interface NIC- network interface card * CRT- cathode ray tube * LCD- liquid crystal...
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...listens for the address as well as the communication between CPU and the hardware. The memory address, where each hardware device is assigned its own memory addresses and the CPU stores instructions in the memory. Also, we’ve learned of Direct Memory Access where it allows direct communication channel between the device and the system memory that does not require the CPU and makes for faster communication speeds and use of the device manager, used to troubleshoot hardware and resolve resource conflicts in the system. We have also learned of the two main types of monitors on the market today, the Cathode Ray Tube monitor and the Liquid Crystal Display monitor. Liquid Crystal monitors use thin film transistors, also known as an active matrix to display images on the screen, whereas Cathode Ray monitors use tube as high electrical charges to display the images. LCD’s are designed to support a fixed resolution, called a native resolution they often come in flavors such as XGA – 1024 x 768, SXGA - 1280 x 1024, UXGA – 1600 x 1200 and WUXGA – 1920 x 1200. We’ve also learned of the contrast ratio, which is the ratio of purest white to purest black the monitor can produce, where the larger the ratio the...
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...screens involve a number of processes, including the front of the tube being scanned downward in a pattern of lines, electron beams “sweeping” an image across the screen by modulating their intensity, a coil generating magnetic field and more. The Health Dangers of CRTs • Small amounts of radiation (x-ray frequencies and others) are emitted as the electrons sweep the screen. • At close range, this radiation (literally pulsating fields of energy) puts biological stress on humans, animals and plants. • CRTs also operate at an extremely high voltage, which continues on long after the computer has been turned off. LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display) Screens Radiation - these screens are flatter, often appearing as panels. LCD screens are safer than CRTs. • Display is composed of color or monochrome pixels that are filled with liquid crystals. • Liquid crystals are lit by a backlight or reflector. • LCD screens utilize...
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...Video 1.07 Ports and Connectors In this chapter, I learned about serial, parallel, SCSI, USB, sound, and FireWire ports and some of their corresponding devices. I also learned that USB has become the dominate port replacing the PS/2 mouse and keyboard, serial and parallel ports on recent systems. Below are some of the topics presented. Serial, Parallel, Game Ports * Serial ports are male with 9 or 25-pins * Parallel ports are female and have 25-pins * Game ports are also female and have 15pins with two rows Older mice used serial connectors and older keyboards used 5-pin DIN connectors. The more modern connectors is the PS/2 pin or the USB or wireless. Network Interface Card * Is responsible for converting parallel communications to serial * It uses the RJ-45 connector Modem * This is the slowest connection to the Internet which uses the phone line * Transfers 56 Kbps * V.92 is a faster technology but still slower that NIC * They convert analog into digital and then converts from digital into analog * Uses RJ-11 connectors Video * VGA- analog interface D-type, 15-pins, 3 rows * DVI- Digital Visual Interface * S-Video round with 4 or 7 pins, used to connect to the TV USB * Universal Serial Bus that is hot swappable * USB1 transmits at 12 Mbps 3 meters in length * USB2 transmits at 480 Mbps 5 meters in length USB come with two sizes of connectors A and B. The A connector is the...
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...Vehicle Accident Prevention Using eye Blink Sensor Abstract: Now a day’s accidents are increasing at a large pace, and various technologies are being introduced to reduce the accidents. In this project we provide means of accident prevention using eye blink wherein the vehicle is stopped immediately and intimated wherever needed. In this project we have two sections. One is transmitter section which is located in the vehicle and another one is Receiver section located in remote place (Police station, near ones, etc). In the transmitter section the eye blink sensor is placed near the eye to sense the blink count and this information is transmitted in the form of pulses and is given to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller uses this information to compare with the normal eye blink programmed in the chip and if any abnormal situation arises the vehicle is stopped with an alarm indication, this operation is enabled by means of the driver circuit connected to the vehicle motor and the signal is transmitted via RF-transmitter at the frequency of 433.92 MHz. In the Receiver side the transmitted signal is received and the signal is decoded and given to the Microcontroller, which uses this information for displaying the alert message in the LCD as programmed, simultaneously a buzzer alert is given. Block Diagram Transmitter[pic] Receiver [pic] HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS • Microcontroller Unit and Power Supply • LCD...
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...grapheme holds many superlative qualities allowing for it to be integrated into a huge number of applications. At the start, grapheme will be used to help improve the performance and efficiency of current materials and substances, but soon after it will be developed in conjunction with other two-dimensional crystals to create more amazing compounds to suit a wider range of applications. The following are a few science fields where grapheme may be used in the future. Biological Engineering graphene offers a large surface area, high electrical conductivity, thinness and strength, it would make a good contender for the development of fast and efficient bioelectric sensory devices. The bioelectric sensory devices would be able to monitor such things as glucose levels, haemoglobin levels, cholesterol and even DNA sequencing. Eventually graphene would be used as an antibiotic or even anticancer treatment. Furthermore, due to its molecular make-up and potential biocompatibility, it could be utilized in the process of tissue regeneration. Optical Electronics Graphene will soon be used on a commercial scale in optoelectronics, including touchscreeens, liquid crystal displays (LCD). In order for graohene to be used in the optical electronics field, it must be able to transmit more than 90% of light, offer high electrical conductive properties with low electrical resistance. Graphene being nearly transparent, being able to transmit 97.7% of light and the other requirements as mentioned...
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...Claro Garcia NT1110 CS & L April 9, 2014 Chapter 3 Summary In the world of computers, input/output (I/O) devices are utilized to enhance, configure and control data transfer between the computer and external devices in a variety of ways. These devices use ‘ports’ to connect to either internal or external hardware to and from the computer. The ports are then linked to copper circuits and memory that communicate to the computer CPU, RAM and ports. This enables data transfer between these I/O devices and the computer. Nowadays, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) port is considered to be the most important I/O port among all other I/O ports because it has replaced PS/2 (mini DIN) mouse and keyboard, serial (COM), and parallel (LPT) ports in recent computer systems and providing greater speed. A recent computer desktop system has at least four USB ports and can support up to eight front-and-rear mounted USB ports. The three standard types of USB ports are (1) USB 1.1, (2) USB 2.0 a.k.a Hi-Speed USB -and (3) USB 3.0 a.k.a Superspeed USB and use either Series A a.k.a Type A or Series B a.k.a Type B types of connectors. Adding more USB ports can be done by using motherboard connectors for USB header cables, hubs and add-on cards. Serial (COM) I/O ports also known as RS-232 ports are used for external modems, serial mouse, plotters, label printers, serial printers, PDA docking stations, digital cameras and PC-to-PC connections used by file transfer programs such as DirectCable...
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...April 15, 2013 New Generation Signage Displays with LCD Panel Resizing Technology By Esther Lin, Product Manager, Industrial Display Solutions Digital signage is an innovative medium for targeted information, entertainment, promotions and advertising, delivered in visually rich multimedia formats designed to attract consumers. Since digital signage so ubiquitous these days, people no longer ask what it is because digital signage has matured into a fully developed, versatile product that has adapted to many different applications and environments. Applications are constantly diversifying and we are now seeing semi-transparent digital signage displays (with products inside), large-format multi-touch displays, video walls, and tiles (smaller displays that can be configured in new ways), and interactive digital signage that aims to give consumers a more fun, educational and enhanced customer experience that helps drive sales. Digital signage displays now come in unusual shapes or configurations but 42" and above are the most common sizes. However, large-sized displays with conventional aspect ratios have limitations— in locations where they are restricted in height or physical space, like on elevators, buses, or in the transportation and medical markets. LED signages seem to be a good fit for these kinds of space-limited applications; however, LEDs are usually heavy, power consuming, and display low-resolution images. www.advantech.com LCD Panel Resizing Technology ...
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