...Literature Review of Strategic Business Analysis Tools: Research Ethics: PEST, BCG and Porter’s Five-Force Model Abstract This literature review takes the work of twelve different scholarly peered-reviewed resources and explains the outcome of their studies. All of the studies were conducted with different strategic analysis tools and how the use of ethics plays a role in each model. Although there are many strategic tools for managers to use, this literature review focuses in on only three tools. The three strategic analysis tools researched in this literature review are the PEST analysis, the BCG growth matrix, and Porter’s five-force model. This literature review compares the work of the different articles to show how each strategic tool was used in the different articles and where ethics play a role in each research method. The end of the literature review entails different recommendations on how to further the research for a better understanding of these strategic tools while continuing to do so in a manner that remains ethical. In conclusion, this literature review is design to give the reader a better understanding of three different strategic management tools and how they are being used professionally and scholarly with allowing for all research to be done in an manner that does not allow for outcomes that can be used in an unethical manner to pad results. Introduction The business environment is rapidly changing and the past has shown that companies who are...
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...Fahy, Smithee / Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm John Fahy University of Limerick Alan Smithee Alloa Metropolitian University John Fahy is Professor of Marketing, Dept. of Management & Marketing, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland 353-61-213126 (office), 353-61-338171 (fax) John.Fahy@ul.ie. Alan Smithee is Senior Lecturer in Marketing, Alloa Metropolitian University, Alloa, Scotland. Please address all correspondence to the first author. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) is one of the latest strategic management concepts to be enthusiastically embraced by marketing scholars. This paper argues that the RBV holds much promise as a framework for understanding strategic marketing issues but cautions that, before it is adopted, it needs to be fully understood. Consequently, the paper charts the development of the RBV from its origins in early economic models of imperfect competition, through the work of evolutionary economists to the contributions of strategy and marketing scholars over the past two decades. This broad literature base has given rise to a great deal of ambiguity, inconsistent use of nomenclature and several overlapping classification schema. The paper seeks to draw together common themes of firm heterogeneity, barriers to duplication, sustainable competitive advantage and Ricardian rents within an overall model of resource-based competitive...
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...Int. J. Business Performance Management, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2003 1 Implementing performance measurement systems: a literature review Mike Bourne* and Andy Neely Centre for Business Performance, School of Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK E-mail: m.bourne@cranfield.ac.uk *Corresponding author John Mills and Ken Platts Centre for Strategy and Performance, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB2 1RX, UK Abstract: Currently, there is a great interest in performance measurement with many companies attempting to implement the balanced scorecard. However, there is also evidence that many of these implementations are not successful. This paper reviews the different performance measurement system design processes published in the literature and creates a framework for comparing alternative approaches. The paper then proceeds to review the literature on performance measurement system implementations and concludes that the performance measurement literature is at the stage of identifying difficulties and pitfalls to be avoided based on practitioner experience with few published research studies. This paper is the first of two, the second going on to consider performance measurement implementation from the point of view of the change management literature. Keywords: Performance measurement; management process implementation. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bourne, M., Neely, A., Mills, J. and Platts...
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...HR Managers’ Roles & Contributions in Merger Processes Khalil Al Jerjawi Faculty of Business School of Management University of Western Sydney, Australia E.mail: mr.jerjawi@gmail.com Accepted: August 12, 2011 DOI :10.5296/ijhrs.v1i1.896 As companies have engaged in domestic and international mergers over the last few years in order to match the macroeconomic trends operating on a worldwide and more recently to cope with the current global financial crisis, human resource managers have been encouraged to play a more strategic role in their organizations, especially in the case of extensive and radical organizational change such as merging process. This study addresses and works on the existing research gap by investigating the roles of HR managers among the different roles which were defined at the fist by Dave Ulrich. This paper demonstrates that HR managers are an essential part of merger and that HR practices should be given an extensive emphasizing throughout such organizational change “the merger process”. Keywords: HR practices; HR manager roles; Merger process. 64 www.macrothink.org/ijhrs 1. Introduction In recent years human resource managers have been triggered to play a more strategic role in their organizations, especially in making strategic decisions and going through radical organizational changes such as merging process (Bjorkman & Soderberg, 2003). Nowadays this requirement is even more urgent and acute due to the fact that past decade has been characterized...
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...Strategic Human Resources Management: Where Do We Go From Here?† Brian E. Becker* School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 Mark A. Huselid School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 The authors identify the key challenges facing strategic human resource management (SHRM) going forward and discuss several new directions in both the scholarship and practice of SHRM. They focus on a clearer articulation of the “black box” between HR and firm performance, emphasizing the integration of strategy implementation as the central mediating variable in this relationship. There are direct implications for the nature of fit and contingencies in SHRM. They also highlight the significance of a differentiated HR architecture not just across firms but also within firms. Keywords: strategy; human resources; black box; implementation; differentiation The field of strategic human resources management (SHRM) has enjoyed a remarkable ascendancy during the past two decades, as both an academic literature and focus of management practice. The parallel growth in both the research literature and interest among practicing managers is a notable departure from the more common experience, where managers are either unaware or simply uninterested in scholarly developments in our field. As the field of HR strategy begins to mature, we believe that it is time to take stock of where it stands as both a field...
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...Special Issue: Bridging Micro and Macro Domains Journal of Management Vol. 37 No. 2, March 2011 421-428 DOI: 10.1177/0149206310373400 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Invited Editorial Bridging Micro and Macro Domains: Workforce Differentiation and Strategic Human Resource Management Mark A. Huselid Rutgers University Brian E. Becker State University of New York at Buffalo In this article, the authors focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating the macro and macro domains of the strategic human resource (HR) management literature. Their specific focus is on the development of a differentiated HR architecture in support of strategy execution as a key organizing theme. A focus on strategic capabilities and strategic jobs as the focal point of workforce management system design represents a significant potential source of value creation for most firms. But, also, differentiation by strategic capability instead of hierarchical organizational level represents potential implementation challenges for managers, and theoretical and empirical challenges for academics. Keywords: high-performance work systems; workforce differentiation; strategic human resource management; strategic capabilities A significant divide between the micro and macro levels of theory and analysis is evident in many areas of the organizational sciences. While increasing levels of specialization are often associated...
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...Corporate Reputation Review Volume 12 Number 4 A Systematic Review of the Corporate Reputation Literature: Definition, Measurement, and Theory Kent Walker Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ABSTRACT A systematic review of the corporate reputation literature is conducted. The final sample of 54 articles (and one book) consists of well-cited papers, and papers in journals that have published high quality work in corporate reputation. The sample is then analyzed and the three fundamental problems in the reputation literature are addressed – the need for a comprehensive and well-accepted definition, the difficulty in operationalizing corporate reputation, and the ongoing need for more developed theory. Two main findings evolve from this analysis: (1) reputation may have different dimensions and is issue specific, and (2) different stakeholder groups may have different perceptions of corporate reputations. The implications for future research are discussed. Corporate Reputation Review (2010) 12, 357–387. doi:10.1057/crr.2009.26 KEYWORDS: corporate reputation; definition; operationalization; organizational identity; organizational image; systematic review INTRODUCTION There are many reasons why organizations and researchers should care about corporate reputation. The relationship between reputation and a sustained competitive advantage is widely acknowledged in the literature (eg, Fombrun and Shanley, 1990; Fombrun, 1996;...
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...Strategic Human Resources Management: Where Do We Go From Here?† Brian E. Becker* School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 Mark A. Huselid School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 The authors identify the key challenges facing strategic human resource management (SHRM) going forward and discuss several new directions in both the scholarship and practice of SHRM. They focus on a clearer articulation of the “black box” between HR and firm performance, emphasizing the integration of strategy implementation as the central mediating variable in this relationship. There are direct implications for the nature of fit and contingencies in SHRM. They also highlight the significance of a differentiated HR architecture not just across firms but also within firms. Keywords: strategy; human resources; black box; implementation; differentiation The field of strategic human resources management (SHRM) has enjoyed a remarkable ascendancy during the past two decades, as both an academic literature and focus of management practice. The parallel growth in both the research literature and interest among practicing managers is a notable departure from the more common experience, where managers are either unaware or simply uninterested in scholarly developments in our field. As the field of HR strategy begins to mature, we believe that it is time to take stock of where it stands as both a field...
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...Human Resource Management Review 16 (2006) 139 – 154 www.socscinet.com/bam/humres Talent management: A critical review Robert E. Lewis ⁎, Robert J. Heckman Personnel Decisions International, USA Abstract If the volume of literature in the popular and practitioner press is any guide, practitioners in the field of human resources are now primarily in the business of talent management. But what is talent management and what basis does it have in scientific principles of human resources and management? In this paper we address this question by reviewing problems with the definition of talent management and the lack of data supporting many practitioner claims. We then outline research that supports a systemsoriented definition of talent management that focuses on the strategic management of talent. We then outline future avenues of research to further develop the field of talent management and tie it more closely to the large volume of work in strategic human resources management. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Talent management; Strategic Human resources; Organization A casual review of the trade and popular literature on the topic of “talent management” (TM) would certainly lead one to conclude it is a popular and growing field. A search on the phrase “talent management hr” in late 2004 using a popular internet search engine yielded over 2,700,000 hits. One year later a search on the same term yielded over 8 million hits. Given the number of consulting...
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...to prescriptions of appropriate strategies. Concurrently, this model was empirically tested and its validity supported. Of the strategies used, the five most common were: “work to create a competitive advantage,” “maintain innovation,” “lower the costs of developing and/or maintaining one’s venture,” “defend product/service as it is now,” and “create a first mover advantage.” In addition, there were no differences between the use of strategies by entrepreneurs in service and manufacturing industries. CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION There is a comprehensive body of literature on strategic planning (Porter 1996), the effects of strategic planning on performance (Veliyath and Shortell 1993), and the effects of strategic planning on small business performance (Covin and Slevin 1991; Watts and Ormbsy 1990). Much of the research on the effects of strategic planning on small business performance focuses on comparing differences between those that conduct formal planning and those that do not (Robinson and Pearce 1983). However, this study found no empirical investigations that focus on non-formal small business entrepreneurial planners, nor any that identify the wide variety of strategies used by them. The most common strategy construct is the Miles and Snow (1978) adaptive strategy typology (Golden and Dollinger 1993) with only four strategies. Based on the Schwenk and Shrader (1993)...
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...Design/methodology/approach – The literature on traditional brand management and strategic branding are first reviewed. Four critical constructs are identified, namely brand distinctiveness, brand orientation, brand-marketing performance and brand barriers. The literature, in combination with (eight) case research interviews, has been synthesised to develop a new theory of SME branding. Findings – The paper reveals that the theory identifies the ladder of SME brand orientation, moving from minimal brand orientation, to embryonic brand orientation to integrated brand orientation. Further, it is suggested that most SMEs will be on the lower steps of the ladder. A model of the brand strategy process has been formulated, specifying links between brand barriers, brand distinctiveness, brand orientation and brand-marketing performance. The study puts forward some propositions about the pre-conditions to move higher up the ladder, particularly to an integrated brand orientation. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation of this research is that it is based on eight case studies. It is suggested that a quantitative survey be carried out to enhance the generalisability of the model. Originality/value – This paper makes original contributions in that it uses case studies to establish the relationship between the level of brand orientation and brand-marketing performance; and conceptualises the four brand-related constructs. Keywords Brand management, Brand identity, Small to...
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...candidates. Academic Profiles Prof Greg Brown | Greg Brown is an Associate Professor in Economics. | Prof Annemarie Davis | Annemarie is an Associate Professor in Business Management. Her research focus areas are in strategy-as-practice and the middle management perspectives. Annemarie supervises Masters and Doctoral candidates in the Strategy-as-Practice focus area and is currently directing higher degrees in the College of Economic and Management Sciences. | Dr Francois du Toit | Francois is a senior lecturer in strategy and international business. His areas of interest are at the intersections of strategy, marketing and finance; especially the different presentations of social capital in relationship strategies. He has held senior positions in executive management,finance, and, sales and marketingin multinational corporates in the healthcare industry. He a registered chartered business strategist with the Canadian Business Strategy Association. | Prof Mari Jansen van Rensburg | Mari is a Professor of Marketing Management and is the Acting Area Head of the area. She specialises in strategic marketing, customer relationship management and strategic management. She has published widely. | Ms Colene Hind | Colene is a senior lecturer in strategic management. She teaches in the subjects of management and marketing. As a researcher her knowledge relates to the field of...
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...Journal of Studies on Manufacturing (Vol.1-2010/Iss.1) Jain et al. / Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues / pp. 11-25 Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Some Issues Jinesh Jain*, G. S. Dangayach*, G. Agarwal*, Soumya Banerjee** *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute Technology, Jaipur(India) Email: jineshjain1234@rediffmail.com, dangayach@ gmail.com, agarwal.drg@gmail.com **Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (Ranchi) Email: soumyabanerjee@bitmesra.ac.in Submitted: 10/12/2009 Accepted: 31/01/2010 Appeared: 16/01/2010 ©HyperSciences.Publisher Abstract: Supply chain Management has assumed a significant role in firm's performance and has attracted serious research attention over the last few years. A literature review reveals a considerable spurt in research in theory and practice of SCM. Combining and informing on features of Supply Management and distribution Management. This integration has resulted in the concept of extended enterprise and the supply chain is now manifest as the collaborative supply chain across intercompany borders to maximize the value across the entire supply chain. A large number of research papers have been published in various journals in last two decades. In this paper an attempt is made to review the status of literature on Supply Chain Management. A literature classification scheme is proposed. A total of 588 articles from 13 refereed academic...
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...Strategy Formation in Former South African Firms' London Headquarters and in Their South African Your title should be not more than 16 words, must include “South Africa” and/or other relevant countries and should not refer to the methodology (eg A case study of . . .”). Don’t start each word with a capital letter – use ordinary sentence case and only capitalise proper nouns. Operations Sxxxx Cxxxxx Student number: 1234567 Tel: 089 555 5555 Student.wbs@hotmail.com A research proposal submitted by Proposed Supervisor: Dr Txxxx Mxxxxx Your proposal is the plan of your research. You must NOT do any actual research, eg interviews, before the panel. Wits Business School 2nd March 2009 The final Research Report resulting from this proposal was 116 pages long, including references and appendices, excluding the beginning section – dedication, declaration, Table of Contents, etc (see Research Report template at www.wbs.ac.za). This is just about exactly the length expected. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................. LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................III 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 INTRODUCTION........................................................................1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................ 1 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY.................................................................
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...online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 119 (2014) 229 – 236 Project portfolio management in a company strategy implementation, a case study Irja Hyväria* a Martela Oyj, Aalto University School of Business, Finland Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the project portfolio management in different business organizations. Project portfolio management is seen as a holistic activity, dependent on the organization's strategy. This study aims to determine how the project portfolio decisions are made and how the project portfolio is managed. Also other organizational factors which may affect the efficiency of project portfolio will be considered. In this study, research method was case study carried out in business organizations. The study showed interconnection between company strategy, project portfolio and projects in process and practice. The results indicate that project portfolio management is, however, facing people challenges in managing project portfolio. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the IPMA. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the IPMA. Keywords: Project portfolio management; business organizations; company strategy; leadership* 1. Introduction Nowadays organizations face challenges in their environment...
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