Literature review

Katha kartik in her article ‘Climate change and migration: a case study from rural Bangladesh’ stated that in costal Bangladesh, environmental threats like cyclone, raises sea level etc are damaging shelter, affecting livelihoods, decreasing the amount of safe water available and creating threat to life. All aspects effort as motivation towards migration, forcing people to go in search of safer environments that can offer them reliable livelihoods, and household security (Black et al. 2008, quoted in Kartik 2011). But here author claimed that displacement may be a short-term managing strategy, it can’t be called ‘adaptation’ to deal with future environmental shocks and stresses. This article establishes link between forced displacement (migration in a short area for a short time) and environmental shocks. The author finally argued that forced displacement should be reduced by taking effective strategies. The article named ‘Climate Refugees in Bangladesh: Understanding the migration process at the local level’ portrayed an overall scenario about climate change related migration. Extreme climate events like floods, cyclones and tidal surges, as well as gradual impacts of climate change like salinity or river erosion, cause climate induced migration (Anwar, 2012). This study attempt to explore diverse reasons of push and pull variables of displacement. Based on opinions from affected people as well as relevant stakeholders, it also catch how this push and pull factors effect on places of destinations. The consequence of the study expresses that, disproportional in-come in comparison to the family size, inability to pay back loans, wage loss during prolonged sickness or the potential of gaining land properties and the possibility of higher earnings are the major reasons for migration (Anwar,2012).

Tahera Akter in her article ‘Climate Change and Flow of Environmental Displacement in Bangladesh’ described the connection between intensity of natural disasters and its impact on environmental displacement. Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable country due to climate change. Every year it faces floods, cyclones, water logging, salinity spreading, droughts and river bank erosion etc. The impact of all make mass population displacement. Large scale population displacement in future will gradually becoming a national security question. This study also suggests to adopt and update policy guidelines including action plans to keep path with the changing climate.

In another study carried out by Tahera Akter ‘Migration and living conditions in urban slums: implications for food security’ showed that, displaced people due to environmental change threatens peoples’ access to food as they become socioeconomically susceptible (Akhter,*). They are moving in urban slums in search of better and secure life but the living condition in urban slum is often more worse than native area. They creates extra pressure on existing system.
The study outcome demonstrates that inadequate education, poor physical environment, high prevalence of disease among children are very common scenario in urban slums. In such circumstance, to ensure food security of urban poor is a challenge if their socio-economic condition remains bleak (Akhter, *).