Free Essay

Literature Summary

In: Science

Submitted By 2jmathew2
Words 871
Pages 4
The elderly have much to deal with in the limited time they have left. As health practitioners it is our duty to make sure the precious time these patients have left is not spent at a hospital. Elderly readmission rate is unusually high, especially when it comes to the readmission rate of elderly patients with congestive heart failure, thus there must be ways to counteract the high volume of readmission rates amongst the elderly and lower it. The research study by Rich and Beckham used a multidisciplinary approach to treat the elderly patients, who are recovering from congestive heart failures, which might be able to significantly reduce the rate of readmission for elderly patients at high risk (Rich and Beckham 1995). Rich and Beckham conducted the study by first gathering the elderly patients who are at high risk for readmission post congestive heart failure which ending up being 1306 patients. The patients were then randomly assigned to whether they will receive the special treatment or the ordinary treatment by use of a computer random selective system. Detailed data were collected at the time of enrollment, 90 days after they were discharged, and whenever a patient was rehospitalized during the 90 time period (Rich and Beckham 1995). The results of this study show that with an effective multidisciplinary approach readmission rates for elderly patients with congestive heart failures will significantly drop. The research conducted by Rich and Beckham can be used in hospitals, and everyday nursing practice. The study indicates that a multidisciplinary approach will drop readmission rate significantly if used immediately and consistently after the patient has been discharged. Note that the patients used in this study were those who were the most prone to be readmitted into the hospital post discharge. This means generally for people who are the most prone to be readmitted the multidisciplinary system dropped their readmission rate. This means if the multidisciplinary system is used for all patients generally speaking then the majority of elderly patents have a strong chance of reducing their readmission rate. This is an ideal circumstance for nurse practitioners because it is our duty to try and keep the patents from ever having to go back to hospital care, and with the use of the results from this study it is possible to drop the readmission rate for the elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Ethics in research is extremely important if a researcher wants to publish his or hers work. Ethics in research in a sense holds a restraint on researchers to never go beyond “the line” in order to get the result that the researchers want. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Science the reasons that ethics are involved in research are because: “it promotes the aims of research promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, help to ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public, and to help to build public support for research” (Resnik 2011). Since this research study must have passed an ethical review board, generally speaking, this study is ethical. Hypothetically however there may be a few things that the researchers did that could be in a moral gray area for ethical behavior. First the researchers did not randomly assign all of the patients to be treated or to be in the control group. This may be compromising because it means that the researchers might have chosen which patients received treatment and which patents did not receive treatment causing bias in the study, and enacting behavior that may be unethical. Second the readers do not get a full understanding of multidisciplinary system. Since the readers do not get a full analysis of what the procedures are for multidisciplinary system there could be some unethical procedures going on when administering the multidisciplinary system. Perhaps medication that could conflict with other drugs, or exercises that some elderly people simply cannot do. The mystery behind what a multidisciplinary system is could be an ethical factor to deal with in this study. Though there may be some moral gray areas done in this research overall this study was ethically sound. Consent to do the experiment was given, and the patients seemed to know exactly what they were getting into. This study is ideal for usage in a hospital setting. The study indicates that the intervention used by Rich and Beckham can help reduce the readmission rate for elderly patients suffering from congestive heart failures. If it is statistically significant in the study, then hospitals should not have a problem enacting the multidisciplinary system. If this methods can reduce the time an elderly patient has to spend in the hospital, then it is well worth the money spent to make sure that they do not have to be readmitted.

References
Resnik,, D. (2011, May 1). National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important?. Retrieved June 15, 2014, from http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
Rich, M., & Beckham, V. A Multidisciplinary Intervention to Prevent the Readmission of Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 1190-1195. Retrieved June 15, 2014, from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199511023331806#t=abstract

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

How To Read Literature Like A Professor Thomas Foster Summary

..."Fiction reveals truths that reality obscures,” as quoted by Ralph Waldo Emerson. In Thomas C. Foster's How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Foster gives insight to the reader about how there is always more to a story than meets the eye. Foster covers an abundance of topics for instance, how some pieces of literature have in depth political apprehension. Foster distinguishes between overtly political writing which includes literature whose main intent is to influence the prevailing political ideology and “political” writing that is more subtle and possibly more effective. Political writing offers a perspective into the realities of the world and in doing so touches upon themes and problems that are collectively shared and thus relatable. In Park Tae Jun’s Lookism, a webcomic, regarding a teenage boy by the name of Hyung Suk who has repeatedly been the victim of bullying because of his appearance at his old school finally comes to his breaking point. Hyung Suk later convinces his mother to buy him a bus ticket to a new school somewhere in Korea for...

Words: 598 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Summary of English Literature Before 1066

...University School of Religion and Theology SUMMARY AND ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND PAGANISM IN THE LITERATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST An Assignment Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course, ENGL 245: Survey of English Lit. I by Lascelles James October 2007 Even though archeology reveals a lot about the Neolithic and Iron-Age era in Britain, Literature tells more about the life and culture in the region, especially after the coming of Germanic Indo-Europeans from the continent in A.D 449, as reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. England, then a province of the Roman Empire, was named Britannia after its Celtic-speaking inhabitants, the Britons. The Britons were actually Romanized Celts. They left their greatest linguistic legacy in place names, such as Avon, Dover, Thames, and probably London. [1] The Anglo-Saxon invaders brought with them their own tradition of oral poetry, but there is no evidence of literacy before their conversion to Christianity. There is only circumstantial evidence of what the poetry must have been like. Aside from a few short inscriptions on small artifacts, the earliest records in the English language are in manuscripts produced at monasteries and other religious establishments, beginning in the seventh century. Literacy was mainly restricted to servants of the church, and the bulk of Old English literature is religious with Latin origins. As literate culture...

Words: 1689 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Acct601 Accounting Capstone - Term Paper Templates

...Author name [Pick the date] Include who you prepared the paper for, who prepared the paper, and date submitted. [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 1 2. Introduction. 1 III. Review of Literature. 1 1. Analysis. 1 2. Recommendations. 1 3. Summary and Conclusions. 1 VII. Appendix x. 1 VIII. References. 1 List the main ideas and section of your paper and the pages in which they are located. The illustrations should be included separately. Make sure that you have page numbers in your paper and list the page number(s) in the table of contents for the page where the appropriate section starts. Helpful Notes: Prepare an outline of your paper before you go forward. The outline is due at the end of Week 5 – which is also the first draft of your paper. Complete a first draft and then go back to edit, evaluate, and make any changes required. You can use example like graphs, diagrams, photographs, flowcharts, maps, drawings, etc. to help clarify and support the written part of your report. I. Executive Summary Use a header titled with the name of your project. Explain what you found, how you researched your topic, and what you...

Words: 702 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Owl for Paper Formatting

...4/11/2016 Purdue OWL Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Four Main Components for Effective Outlines Ideally, you should follow the four suggestions presented here to create an effective outline. When creating a topic outline, follow these two rules for capitalization: For first­level heads, present the information using all upper­case letters; and for secondary and tertiary items, use upper and lower­case letters. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout. Parallelism—How do I accomplish this? Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: I. CHOOSE DESIRED COLLEGES II. PREPARE APPLICATION ("Choose" and "Prepare" are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline.) Coordination—How do I accomplish this? All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings)...

Words: 1193 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Vbd Management

.... Introduction – You need to outline to your CEO the aim of report, the issue in focus (a quick summary from your brief), what management functions /theories are going to be covered, and how the issue is going to be addressed. 2. Defining and framing the Issue –You need to identify the underlying reasons why the issue has arisen in the first place (the ‘why’? question). As part of this, you will need to frame the issue in relation to the current practices with management functions (including supporting theory/theories) that may have contributed to the issue. You should include some consideration of any relevant environmental factors (internal/external) that may have influenced the issue. 3. Addressing the Issue – You need to show how you will address the underlying reasons that have contributed to the issue by outlining changes to the existing practices with the identified management functions (the ‘how’? question). Your arguments need to be supported with reference to theory/theories that endorse the new approach. 4. Conclusion – You need to provide a summary and evaluation of the key findings of the report. You may choose to identify some limitations and/or assumptions associated with the findings that reader of the report should be aware of. 5. Recommendations – You need to provide no less than two and no more than three recommendations on the courses of action that the business ‘should’ undertake. These recommendations should clearly and succinctly outline a suggested...

Words: 338 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Pd Coursework

...Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester 1 Module name Personal Development CW weighting 40% Submission deadline TW12-13 Sem.One CW format (individual/group) Individual CW number and title CW 2 Oral presentation CW checks the learning outcomes 1- prepare documents about themselves, reflecting the personal development of a student (such as a portfolio, an action plan); 2- set goals for further improvement based on individual reflective learning; 4- communicate in writing and orally; 6- deliver a presentation Oral Presentation You will need to prepare an individual oral presentation. The Oral Presentation task will test your ability to communicate information in oral form supporting it with visual aids such as Power Point slides, posters, etc. The presentations will take place in TW 12-13 of semester one. Each presentation will last 5-6 minutes. It will consist of an introduction, the main body and a conclusion and will be followed by questions from the audience. You will be assessed on 1. quality of the content, 2. ability to structure the material, 3. interaction with the audience using body language and eye contact and dealing with questions appropriately 4. quality of visual aids. Prepare a presentation which is based on the topic “My personal learning from research on Mass Media in Uzbekistan” You need to follow the steps below: 1 Westminster International University in Tashkent, Academic year 2013-14, Semester...

Words: 1402 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Mission Command

...results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them. CDRs use orders to provide direction and guidance that focus the forces activities on the achievement of the main objective, set priorities, allocate resources, and influence the situation. 6. Accept prudent risk – a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost. PRESENTATION OUTLINE / SLIDES A. Intro, purpose, references, procedure/outline 1. Greeting (poised and confident) 2. Purpose (BLUF) – relevant, focused, clear, concise, stating thesis 3. References (current and meaningful) 4. Procedure and outline, logical, posted or embedded throughout the brief B. Quick summary of events leading to battle. C. Analysis of mission command from one side of the battle – four of the 6 principles of mission command D. Quick description of the battles outcome on how the mission affected that outcome. E. Significance of this analysis. 1. Para B-E body of Mission Analysis paper 2....

Words: 421 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Koofers Notes: A Case Study

...The audio summary is a new product for the market. These is no direct competitor because we are the only audio summary in the market currently. However, the competitions are still existed since there are substitutes for our product. The substitutes include document summary and video review for textbooks. It is obvious that there are many different documental summary for textbooks in the market right now. For example, Koofers Notes is a website that allowed students to upload these course materials for others students, but the materials are delayed and unorganized. It has hundreds relative files for one course, and many of them are insignificant. It will take a great amount of time for students to find the information they want. In addition,...

Words: 329 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Business Plan

...Consulting Case Memo -- Outline Executive Summary While this section appears first, it should actually be the last thing you write. * The executive summary should be no more than one page. * Executive summaries are not “introductions.” They do not provide background. * Everything discussed in the executive summary should be explained in greater detail in the body of the memo. * If the only thing someone reads is your executive summary, your reader should have a good understanding of the problem, your proposal, the most important cost(s), and the most important benefit(s). Problem Statement Identify the problem in business terms. State clearly why the owner, president, or CEO should care about addressing the problem you’ve identified. Proposed Solution Identify the one most important action the company or organization needs to take to address the problem. Be as specific as possible in describing your solution. Costs of the Proposal Be as inclusive as possible when thinking about costs. Consider things like opportunity costs and the impact of the proposed change on the organization’s culture in addition to the more obvious financial costs. Identify every possible objection to your proposal. Why hasn’t the company already taken this step? The quickest way to have your recommendation rejected is to hear an objection to which you must reply, “I hadn’t thought of that.” Benefits of the Proposal How will your specific proposal address the problem you’ve...

Words: 293 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Literature Summary

...Lac,K. (2013). Make a decision to support eco-friendly tourism this Earth Day. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/make-a-decision-to-support-eco-friendly-tourism-this-earth-day-1 In the given article the author pings a caution reminder to the travelers to start some essential things on the Earth day April 17.Since tourism industry places huge stress on the environment, as a traveler we should support eco-tourism by using eco-friendly products. Some of the tourism industry began to encourage this by providing eco-friendly hotels, on-site bike rentals, biodegradable bottles. Likewise many airlines were putting their effort to lessen their carbon foot prints. Finally the writer supports the future generations to enjoy beautiful destinations as it is, for that we need to preserve our beloved mother EARTH. African Wildlife Foundation. (n.d.). Conservation Tourism:Conservation tourism turns wildlife into a local asset. Retrieved from http://www.awf.org/economic/conservation-tourism The given article emphasis how Africa’s wildlife is conserved besides threats and the initiative steps taken by AWF to develop the tourism. The foundation appointed some non-profitable trusts to preserve the forest areas from the occupiers. They face challenges from local community and they teach them the importance of wildlife and how to preserve it. They found some solutions to support the locals by developing ecotourism lodges, providing jobs, giving training as a safari operator to support...

Words: 1123 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Happy

...3/17/14 Document- Letter of transmittal (one page = D) D- Table of contents D- Executive Summary Introduction (background & scope)+ Findings + Conclucluions (and/ or recommendations) + (+ IFC =D or more) D- References Letter of transmittal -Authorization (Dr Zlack) -Preview of report & conclusion -Goodwill closing Table of Contents __________ …… 2 ___________...... 3 Align the contents with the numbers correctly. That’s the hardest part. Executive Summary -An “abstract” of report (search academic abstract) Introduction -purpose (problem) *-scope & limitations -Preview of the report organization Scope= What we did do (in the research) Limitations= what we did not do (….) Rules for Graphs * Must be introduced in the text ( in the paragraphs) ----- as you can see from figure 5 see graph 3 * - must be title * must have a legend Speech- Delivery Eye Contact 1. Attention 2. Connection (rapport) 3. Credibility * 4. Confidence Don’t mention do not! Always say Didn’t shouldn’t wouldn’t etc. (catch someone lying) 1 look at everyone 2 Refrain from looking at things 3 Do not read Oral Communication Do’s 1 do have sufficient volume 2 Have a conversational pace 3 Do have vocal variety ( do not memorize) Don’ts 1 Don’t apologize 2 Don’t curse Nonverbal -Posture - Gesture -Attire * Professional or plain * No logos (accessories (limited) ) * No Hats ...

Words: 263 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Summary Philippine Literature

...Summary of Philippine Literature in English: Tradition and Change Due to the influence of the Americans after the Spanish-American War in 1898, Filipino writers started using English as the medium in writing literature. Main reasons for this were that English was not only used in all the schools in our country but it was also by people of high stature and by foreigners that come in and out of our country. Filipinos also became proficient with several languages as an advantage of being colonized by several countries for almost four centuries. This opened them up to the works and advancements of the different countries of the world. But not everyone was pleased with this. Some scholars claim that the Filipinos are becoming too westernized thus making them neglect their Asian values. English not only changed our medium of communication but also our way of life. And as a countermeasure for this, the government demanded the writers before to establish their own identities as Filipinos and to not be bound by the principles of Romanticism. Unfortunately writers still continued developing their skills in English thus resulting to them being truly westernized. Marcos’ political regime, EDSA revolution and the “Cory Miracle” were events that happened years after that not only influenced the Filipino’s history, but also their literature. Today, writers realized that enhancing their skill can aid them in the field of politics. The faction...

Words: 365 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

D Department of Choice Chocolate

...Good and poor examples of executive summaries This is a GOOD example from an Accounting & Finance assignment. Footnote Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective profitability, liquidity and financial stability of Outdoor Equipment Ltd. Methods of analysis include trend, horizontal and vertical analyses as well as ratios such as Debt, Current and Quick ratios. Other calculations include rates of return on Shareholders Equity and Total Assets and earnings per share to name a few. All calculations can be found in the appendices. Results of data analysed show that all ratios are below industry averages. In particular, comparative performance is poor in the areas of profit margins, liquidity, credit control, and inventory management. The report finds the prospects of the company in its current position are not positive. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management.Recommendations discussed include:  improving the average collection period for accounts receivable·   improving/increasing inventory turnover·   reducing prepayments and perhaps increasing inventory levels The report also investigates the fact that the analysis conducted has limitations. Some of the limitations include: forecasting figures are not provided nature and type of company is not known nor the current economic conditions data limitations as not enough information is provided or enough detail...

Words: 824 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Paper for Success

...Executive Summary: Organizational Focus & Goals Derron Venerable University of Phoenix HRM/326 MARIBEL HINES September 15, 2014 Introduction The purpose of an Executive Summary is articulate a full report with the least amount of words possible depending on the size and nature of the issue. In most cases executive summaries serve as a report for executives who do not have the time to read the full report; therefore, the summary will give the executive the information that he or she needs to understand the objective, the issue(s), and the plan(s) in place to solve the issue(s). The following summary is focusing on an on-going overtime issue that one of the company’s branches is having. Focus and Goals The current focus at this particular location is to complete the daily task in the fastest most efficient safest way possible. The goals are to minimize or combine the current routes, run the routes from the closet point to the furthest and create a benchmark for each driver to attempt to meet in a safe but efficient manner. The research states that if the routes are done in a sequence form from the closet point to...

Words: 706 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Related Literature Summaries In China

...Chapter 2 Summary of Review of Related Literature Environmental Calamities in China People know little about China and the Chinese but we are familiar with the calamities that affect this country. They have gone through series of famines, floods, starvation as well as typhus and small- pox which further brought more suffering and death to those who are impoverished. In China, 800 famines had happened in a span of 1,000 years and is not known by people outside the country. A famine during 1878 was able to kill around 9 to 13 million lives due to these calamities. The famine affects an area of over 50,000 square miles and population of 3,000,000 people. These incidents lead to families becoming divided. Some members become refugees and others stay at home. Others save whatever stock they have and try to fit the food they have for a certain amount of time. For a farmer on the other hand, a four...

Words: 738 - Pages: 3