...Dictionary (1995). It describes the lack of money, services, goods and materialistic possessions in groups or individuals. There are two critical types of poverty that affect a number of people living in all nations: relative poverty and absolute poverty. Relative poverty, according to The Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (1994) refers to “an individual’s or a group’s lack of resources when compared with that of other members of society - in other words, their relative standard of living”. It is the state where a person meets the minimum level of living standards and cannot enjoy what is deemed to be the normal standard of living in a society. Persons suffering in relative poverty are usually excluded from economic, social, cultural activities that are the norm for other people in their society and thus suffer from some form of isolation. Such activities include: sending children to school trips, dining out at restaurants, travelling, and buying birthday presents for friends and family. Relative poverty usually varies from society to society as, the standard of living that is enjoyed by most people from each society can differ. Absolute poverty on the other hand, refers to “a state in which individuals lack resources necessary for subsistence”, according to The Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (1994). This therefore means that persons who are affected by absolute poverty barely have enough resources for basic survival. Examples of absolute poverty include not having access to clean and...
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...Dada-Dadi has been involved with research on diverse topics, from benefits to civic engagement to reverse mortages and more. See a full list of Dada-Dadi reports. For information on healthy aging programs--including health promotion, falls prevention, disease prevention and chronic disease self-management--see Dada-Dadi Center for Healthy Aging, a national resource center for professionals. Civic Engagement Promising Practices for Engaging Seniors in Community Service Consumer Direction- Mainstreaming Consumer Direction in the Aging Network Diffusion of Innovations Diffusion of Innovations Expert System . Evidence-based Programming DadaDadi Resource Center on Evidence-Based Prevention Programs for the Elderly Using the Evidence Base to Promote Healthy Aging Falls Prevention Falls Free Research Review Papers . Healthy Aging (General) Center for Healthy Aging's Publications Collaborative Care for Aging Well Healthy Aging - A Good Investment: Exemplary Programs for Senior Centers and Other Facilities Medicare Information Project Peripheral Arterial Disease Awareness Survey and Campaign Mental Health & Substance Abuse Get Connected! Linking Older Adults With Medication, Alcohol, and Mental Health Resources - A Toolkit Promoting Older Adult Health: Aging Network Partnerships to Address Medication, Alcohol, and Mental Health Problems National Surveys Data on the Elderly Growth of Elderly Population (60+) by Gender, India Year ...
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...College Bak beautifully discusses how isolation (aka “rest”) was used as treatment in the nineteenth-century for depression in women. Doctors used rest or isolation as treatment for “nervous prostration”(Bak, 1994). The narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” (1892) is put on a treatment plan by her husband/doctor that is of isolation. Bak asks a question about the narrator’s sanity; was she already mad in the start of “The Yellow Wallpaper” and just reliving the decline that has already taken place (Bak, 1994) or was the story about the narrator’s slow journey into madness? I believe that both questions are the answer to Bak’s question. Bak goes on to explain just this. Bak depicts Gilman’s description of the narrators isolated living conditions. Gilman’s description of the room leaves Bak to believe that the room would drive anyone into insanity. I know that I would surly go mad in such a place. Bak cites the feminist critic Elanie Hedges who says that the “paper symbolizes her situation as seen by the men who control her and hence her situation as seen by herself” (Bak, 1994). Bak explains how “The Yellow Wallpaper” became a feminist writing explaining that men were guilty of the storyteller's psychical imprisonment and thus the mental failure. Bak (1994) compares the room and house the narrator lives in during her depression to a dehumanizing dystopia like cage forced upon the narrator by her husband/doctor. Bak goes on to explain that the narrator is never set free...
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...cutiepieBroken families are breaking youth By Tshikululu Social Investments on 12 May 2011 Categories: Social Development We argue that the fact that two thirds of children do not live with their parents is damaging our future workers, entrepreneurs and leaders. Written by Lucy Holborn for the South African Institute of Race Relations. This article is an executive summary of the second report on research conducted by the Institute into the state of South African families and youth. Unemployment, teenage pregnancy, crime and drug and alcohol abuse all affect South Africa’s youth. Family breakdown and the absence of fathers in particular, may contribute to these social ills. “œNine million kids with no dads” was the headline on the front page of The Sowetanon 5 April 2011. It was based on the Institute’s Research into family breakdown and its harmful consequences for children. The following week Ms Phumla Matjila cited our research in her column in The Times, but argued that being brought up by her grandmother had been good for her. There are exceptions, but in general the odds are stacked against South Africa’s young people succeeding. Only 68% of candidates passed their matric in 2010 and to pass a subject they only had to get 30% right anyway. Of those who enrolled in university in 2002, more than half dropped out. One in two young people who want a job cannot find one, and a third of 15-24 year olds are not in education, employment or training. In other words, they...
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...“Mr. Bartling entered Glendale Adventist on April 8, 1984, for treatment of his depression. A routine physical examination, including a chest X-ray, was performed, and a tumor was discovered on Mr. Bartling's lung.” (LexisNexis, 1994.) There was a biopsy performed by inserting a needle into the left lung, which caused the lung to collapse. The physicians had to insert tubing through his chest and nasal passage to try and inflate. The lung was unsuccessful in being inflated due to the fact that the patient had previous history of emphysema. By this time, Mr. Bartling is put on a ventilator to keep him alive. The patient asked multiple times to have the ventilator removed but the facility denied his request. He also had tried taking the ventilator out himself. The facility then had to restraint Bartling from hurting himself even more. The patient’s wife and daughter had brought in William’s living will and his wishes. In his will it stated, "If at such time the situation should arise in which there is no reasonable expectation of my recovery from extreme physical or mental disability, I direct that I be allowed to die and not be kept alive by medications, artificial means or heroic measures." (LexisNexis, 1994.) The patient felt as if he was not truly living and a machine was doing the work for him. In this case I feel that the court...
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...feudal China, the status of women and in particular the mother's role in the family was very different from nowadays. Indeed Confucian philosophy was mainly based on women's inferiority to men. Women had to obey their fathers first, their husbands after marriage and their sons if they were widowed. Moreover, weddings were arranged and the responsibility of the woman was to remain married because divorce was not allowed (Heng, 1994). The main role of women was to be assimilated as the private property of men and was to satisfy their husbands and to bear children. What is more, the symbol of women's subservience was the practice of binding women's feet, "this practice lasted nearly 1,000 years and during the Ming and Qing dynasties to be eligible for a husband" (Heng, 1994). However, from 1949 to 1979, the role of women changed dramatically in particular with the installation of the People's Republic of China. In fact, the Chinese Communist Party admitted that the liberation of women was essential for the country to achieve complete emancipation (Heng, 1994). As a result of this, the new government established several reforms, laws, and policies that...
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...Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. How they made sense of love 3 3. Girl, boy and society 4 4. 3 Themes of love prevalent in Love Songs 5 5. Conclusion 6 6. Work cited 7 1. Introduction During the time of ancient Egypt's New Kingdom, love songs were recorded and later discovered by excavators. The importances of these songs are that they contradicted the perception which Egyptologists had of the ancient Egyptians. No longer were the ancient Egyptians viewed as being a dull society, focused on death and the afterlife, but rather a society with a love for living through loving love itself (Fowler 1994:xiv). Thus, in this essay, through analyzing the Ramesside love songs, I shall explore this different view of the ancient Egyptians and attempt to understand what the concept of love truly meant to them. In going about this, I shall firstly look at how sense was made of the concept love and then look at love from the perspective of girls, boys and society. Furthermore, I shall address three themes regarding the concept of love, prevalent in the love songs and finally, conclude through drawing on my findings throughout my essay. 2. How they made sense of love When looking at ancient Egyptian religion, art and practices, two themes is consistent, this is the use of metaphors and similes. These were the methods used by the ancient Egyptians to not only explain their experiences, but also to validate them (Kaplan 2004:9). Similarly, metaphors...
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...can affect a person’s ability to find words, finish thoughts or follow instructions. Learning about Alzheimer's disease and realizing that it is much more than memory loss can benefit the families of those with the illness. This disease is progressive and eventually leads to death. While there is no cure, it can be treated. Alzheimer’s is not a classic part of aging (What is Alzheimers, 2015). It can earnestly affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Those affected by Alzheimer’s live an average of eight years after the symptoms are evident. One can survive from four to twenty years, dependent on the age of the person and their health situations (What is Alzheimers, 2015). “In 2013, as many as 5 million Americans were living with Alzheimer’s disease”(Center for Disease Control, 2015 ). There are quite a few risk factors that can increase one’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (Cummings,2008). “Aging is the most powerful risk”(Cummings, 2008). Having a family history of dementia can also be a risk factor, even though it is uncommon the inherited changes have an influence on the amyloid in the brain. Elevated cholesterol, severe head injury, psychological stress, hypertension, and smoking can increase the probability of developing Alzheimer’s. The symptoms of the illness first appear after age 60 and the possibility rises with age. The number of people with the disease multiplies every five years beyond age 65....
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...Scripture used to support his writings. This paper will discuss several Religious leaders some pluralist others inclusivists, non-Christians, Christians and their beliefs, philosophies or opinions. In this paper the details of inclusiveness is discussed. It seems that everyone has a somewhat varied definition of inclusiveness. Nash has in his book that “inclusivism because its adherents believe that the scope of God’s salvation is significantly wider than that held by exclusivists-so wide in fact that it includes many people that have not explicitly believed in Jesus” (Nash,1994, p. 9). Actually inclusivists believe that salvation is impossible without Christ and they agree He is the only Savior. But they differ from the many in saying that limiting salvation can’t be right. They question what happens to those who have not heard of Christ or don’t believe because they simply have not been taught. (Nash, 1994) Nash talks a lot about others and their way of thinking such as John Hick, Gavin D’ Costa, John Sanders, Clark Pinnock, Stuart Hackett, Karl Rahner, Michael Barnes and others. “Gavin D’Costa a Roman Catholic inclusivist, states that his view affirms the salvific presence of God in non- Christian religions while still maintaining that Christ is the definitive and authoritative revelation of God” (Nash, p. 103). As Nash writes it comes through clearly that he not only stands firm in his own beliefs but he has the love for thy neighbor. Nash has a way of getting his points...
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...the good deeds of human beings (Doniger, 1976). According to them, things happen because the law of Karma that states that for every action, there is a resultant consequence (Doniger, 1976). They believe that one cannot conduct an evil and get away with it without punishment. They also believe that people may be either rewarded or punished for their deeds in the next lie. It happens in the event that one does not receive it in this world. Alternatively, they are happening now because of the actions that one executed in a previous life. They believe that God is not blemish and that He is not the cause of evil and suffering in the world. According to them, man was given the exclusive ability to choose between wrong and right (Lipner, 1994). For this reason, men have the freedom to make decisions without interruption. However, some of these people misuse this freedom. As a result, they end up causing evil that leads to sufferings. When this happens, they turn the blame to God. They believe that God is omnipotent, omnipresent, all-powerful, all-knowing,...
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...| World view | | | | | Word count 603 | Te Ao Māori For Māori, the sun rising in the east, moving slowly across the sky and setting in the west, signifies the birth and growth of mana or power, throughout the world. For many, it is a symbol of birth, life and death, resurrected daily, as a reminder of our existence. Māori believe that everything is interrelated, be it people, fish, animals, birds, trees, even the mountains and the weather. These relationships were told in various kōrero tawhito, or stories of the past and are referred to as whakapapa, meaning to lay one thing upon another (Barlow, 1994). Everything has a whakapapa, a genealogical descent of all living things, from the atua, the gods to the present time (Barlow, 1994). These relationships helped Māori to act accordingly and to understand the world they lived in. For Māori, their world view changed when they first arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand, and had to adapt to life in a new world. Their diet changed dramatically as their normal diet relied heavily on plants and vegetables. Here in Aotearoa New Zealand there was an abundance of meat and fish. The crops they normally grew, were not used to the climate. They had to learn what plants they could eat and grow. The Māori world view changed even more with the arrival of whalers, their first contact with European people. The introduction of disease had a dramatic effect on Māori causing many deaths. Europeans partnering with Māori women, leading...
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...Movie Review: Out of Darkness Letitia Y. Wright CO 810 – Abnormal Psychology Katherine James, PhD, LPC, NCC Ashland Theological Seminary February 10, 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the depiction of a person suffering with and living with the mental condition of Schizophrenia in the movie, Out of Darkness. The film has a dynamic cast including: Diana Ross as Paulie Cooper (the individual suffering with schizophrenia), Rhonda Stubbins-White as Zoe Price (Paulie’s sister), and Beach Richards as Ms. Cooper (Paulie’s mother). There are a number of other characters portrayed in the film; however for the purpose of this paper, the focus is on these three. The first portion of the paper gives a brief description of the initial onset of Schizophrenia for Paulie; however, as a back drop, it is imperative to note that the film opens with Paulie having already been diagnosed with the condition some 18 years prior and waking up with a full episode of dealing with this diagnosis. Additionally, the paper will explain the mental illness, explore the criterion for being diagnosed with the mental illness and describe ways the disorder was portrayed accurately as well as some of the inaccuracies of this disorder portrayed in the film. Finally, the paper will focus on how my own view as well as the view of the lay persons view may have been effected by the film and its portrayal of this mental illness. Movie Review: Out of Darkness Imagine if you will,...
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...Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that affect the population in a multitude of ways. The four primary risk factors afflicting families living in poverty are emotional and social challenges, stressors, cognitive lags and health and safety issues. Graber...
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...that almost half of the children who had witnessed domestic violence or been physically assaulted , gets injured during these incidents. It can be defined as the misuse of power and an excessive act of control. It is possible that children get injured accidentally because they get caught in the violence which is usually directed at their mothers or they may be the victims of serious levels of physical punishment as well. After studying 1,888 child protection records authorities found that 27% of the cases was about domestic violence in the family (Gibbons, 1995). At an extreme level, physical abuse will cause death. A study of 30 child death examination exposed a strong combination between domestic violence and fatal child abuse (James,M. 1994). Another important effect of domestic violence on children’s experiences is social, such as separation from their community, family and friends, changing schools and often losing their homes with theirs possessions. Children who witnessed domestic violence have significantly more frequent behavioural problems and emotional disturbance than children who are not in an abusive environment. Researches all over the world imply that domestic violence affects children in many more ways and causes physical, behavioural and psychological problems. In the past two decades, there has been growing recognition of the of domestic violence in the society. Moreover, it has become obvious that some children are at greater risk for victimization than others...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of FormBottom of Form | Journal of International Business and Economics, Dec 2011 v11 i4 p142(5) An analysis on the long-term effects of rural labor migration in China based on the Markov chain method. Huang Ningyang; Charles Corcoran; Gong Meng. Author's Abstract: COPYRIGHT 2011 International Academy of Business and Economics The migration of rural labor to non-agricultural sectors helps solve three agriculture issues in China: dated agrarian methods, an overpopulation of rural areas, and an excess of supply of farm labor. But a large population and fast economic development may impede the process. The proportion of rural labor is large and the labor force participation rate is high, while education levels are low. Further, the elasticity of employment is low, while economic growth is much faster than rural labor employment growth. Based on questionnaire data investigating rural labor markets, and utilizing the Markov Chain Method, a forecast is made of when the rural labor shift will stabilize, along with the three employment states' probabilities: (1) working and residing on the home farm, (2) leaving home but working near their hometown, and (3) leaving home and working far from their hometowns. It is projected that the rural labor shift will stabilize in 24 years. The probabilities of the three employment states mentioned above will be 5.9%, 45.4%, and 51.2%, respectively. These findings may contribute to policy decisions...
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