...Running head: LIN ARTICLE CRITIQUE 1 Article Critique Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Abuse Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients Liberty University March 31, 2013 LIN ARTICLE CRITIQUE 2 Introduction In the article Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood and Vulnerability to Substance Use Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients (Lin 2004) the researchers wanted to test Forgiveness Therapy (FT) as a tool for treating clients dealing with substance abuse related to negative emotional overload. They focused on anxiety, depression and anger which, according to Lin, are triggers for substance abuse (2004, pg. 1114). They set out to talk and interview forty three potential participants who were recommended by their counselors from a residential drug rehabilitation center. This population was chosen due to the rigid course of treatment they were already receiving from the treatment facility in response to the personal calamity being experiences by the client. These were the most severe cases since they usually experienced repeated relapses, petty crimes and a lower motivation for change. While conducting the research what they found was not really surprising but rather normal for this group of clients. The participation started to fall off and by the end of the research they had fallen to less than half of the original commitment...
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...“Feet what do I want them for if I have wings to fly.” – Frida Kahlo (1995, p.134) Frida Kahlo, a Mexican artist, lived all her life with physical illnesses, and her suffering is revealed plainly through her artwork. In 1953, her doctor decided to amputate her right leg at the knee due to gangrene. Frida expressed her fear in her diary with a painting of a yellowish cut leg and the above quote. Although the operation was successfully performed and she was able to walk with an artificial leg, an inevitable depression followed. She became deeply depressed and was no longer interested in her husband, Diego Rivera, who had been the entire world of her life. She lost the will to live and made suicide attempts (Herrera, 1963). A healthy mental state...
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...The inpatient and outpatient hospital services are two totally different processes that are used in the medical facilities or practices at different timing. The major differences between inpatient and outpatient hospital services are the type of services they provide, the coding, and billing process. With the inpatient care patients are required to be admitted in a hospital or to stay overnight. Inpatient care can be provided to patients through skilled nursing facilities, which includes care given by licensed nurses under direction of a physician, such as intravenous injections, tube feeding, and changing sterile dressings on a wound. Then you have the long-term care facilities, such as nursing home that custodial care for patients with chronic disabilities and prolonged illnesses. Outpatient care, which can be provided in hospital emergency rooms or departments are the most common facilities we hear of. Outpatient care covers all types of health services that do not require the patient to stay overnight in the hospital. Outpatient departments provide services such as same-day surgery, where surgeries are performed and the patient does not have to stay overnight or be admitted in the hospital. Then you have home health care services, such as physical therapy or skilled nursing care that could be provided at a patient home. You have care services, such as skilled nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and care by home health aides that is considered...
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...Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis First we need to understand what Rehabilitation is to be able to focus on its concept analysis. It is a part of the continuum of care as it focuses on increasing a patient’s function for self care and mobility. The need for a rehabilitation care concept in a specialized rehabilitation hospital increases as the length of stay decreases in acute hospitals after surgery or procedures due to the financial burden on insurances, Medicare, Medicaid, and the acute hospitals themselves. No longer do we see in the United States two week long acute hospital stays after major surgeries, strokes or other injuries that affect the activities of daily living (ADL). The hospitals discharge patients back home much sooner than before or transfer them to facilities for further recovery. Unfortunately some of these facilities are long term acute care hospitals or nursing homes where continuing daily therapy is very limited. The fortunate ones get admitted to a specialty hospital called a rehabilitation (rehab) hospital that this paper will focus on. Here, nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech therapists, case managers, dieticians, and physicians work all closely together to see the best results of recovery and to achieve this goal before the patient is ready to return home at the optimum level of wellness. As a nurse working in a rehabilitation hospital I see this multidisciplinary approach to regain a patient’s strength on a daily...
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...Running head: LIN ARTICLE CRITIQUE 1 Article Critique Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Abuse Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients Liberty University C. Campbell March 31, 2013 LIN ARTICLE CRITIQUE 2 Introduction In the article Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood and Vulnerability to Substance Use Among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients (Lin 2004) the researchers wanted to test Forgiveness Therapy (FT) as a tool for treating clients dealing with substance abuse related to negative emotional overload. They focused on anxiety, depression and anger which, according to Lin, are triggers for substance abuse (2004, pg. 1114). They set out to talk and interview forty three potential participants who were recommended by their counselors from a residential drug rehabilitation center. This population was chosen due to the rigid course of treatment they were already receiving from the treatment facility in response to the personal calamity being experiences by the client. These were the most severe cases since they usually experienced repeated relapses, petty crimes and a lower motivation for change. While conducting the research what they found was not really surprising but rather normal for this group of clients. The participation started to fall off and by the end of the research they had fallen to less than half of the original...
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...The main difference between inpatient and outpatient services is that inpatient care is performed by an inpatient facility that is prepared for patients to be able to stay overnight if need be. This inpatient care can be provided by a hospital, skilled nursing facility, or a long term care facility. A skilled nursing facility (SNF) is designed to provide rehabilitation services and/or skilled nursing to injured patients after they no longer need to be in a hospital setting. The skilled nurses help the patient and assist with their recovery. A skilled nursing facility is operated by licensed nurses, with the assistance of a medical physician. A nursing home is an example of a long-term care facility, which provides custodial care for patients who suffer from chronic disabilities or prolonged illnesses. Outpatient care, is also referred to as ambulatory care, is somewhat different from inpatient care in a hospital or skilled nursing facility setting. Outpatient care involves care that does not require and overnight stay. This kind of care is found in a family physician office, ER visit, physical, speech or occupational therapy, and home health care. Inpatient coding requires coding of services of each day of the hospital stay thus making is more and more difficult if the hospital stay becomes longer and longer. For procedural coding in outpatient CPT codes are used whereas in inpatient coding ICD procedure are used. In outpatient coding diagnosis like suspected, probable...
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...CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES ★ ★ ★ What are Long-Term Care Hospitals? Most people who need inpatient hospital services are admitted to an “acute care” hospital for a relatively short stay. But some people may need a longer hospital stay. Long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) are certified as acute care hospitals, but LTCHs focus on patients who, on average, stay more than 25 days. Many of the patients in LTCHs are transfered there from an intensive or critical care unit. LTCHs specialize in treating patients who may have more than one serious condition, but who may improve with time and care, and return home. Services provided in LTCHs typically include comprehensive rehabilitation, respiratory therapy, head trauma treatment, and pain management. I’ve heard a lot about “long-term care.” Is this the kind of care that long-term care hospitals give? No. Long-term care usually refers to care that’s basically custodial (like help with feeding or dressing), even if there’s some health care given. Medicare doesn’t cover this kind of care, which can be given in your own home or in various kinds of facilities (like assisted living facilities). LTCHs are hospitals that give inpatient services to people who need a much longer stay to get well. ★ Do I pay more in a LTCH than in an acute care hospital? Generally, no. Under Medicare, you’re only responsible for one deductible for any benefit period. A benefit period begins the day you’re admitted to a hospital or skilled...
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...Introduction to Counseling PSY331 Instructor Dr. Chauntel Gustis January 11, 2015 * Introduction Over the last 12 years, I have undergone a lot of personal experiences with my children that have required the assistance of a child mental health professional. After much frustration with not always being able to find the appropriate individual due to shortages, I have made it my mission to become educated in my children's conditions and continue so that in the future I can assist parents and children who find themselves in the same predicament that I did for so long and I can best do that by becoming a child psychologist. Child psychologists work with children in areas that expand from general research to dealing with a variety of complex therapeutic treatments that are aimed at helping with their social and mental development. Often, we can find these experts working for schools, courts or even within private practices. One thing for sure is that they must be qualified, dedicated and equipped to handle the issues of the child and at times the family unit especially if they are as complex as the case of Briana. The Client - Briana Briana is currently 15 years old and is a lovely young lady with a couple of diagnoses. Her first diagnosis is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can only be diagnosed "after a person experiences symptoms for at least one month following a traumatic event, yet she was diagnosed at age 4. The disorder is characterized...
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...However, several treatment and approaches have been found to yield very positive outcomes for adolescents (Stevens & Smith, 2012). Meta-analysis of several treatment approaches was conducted to determine the best outcome for adolescents with substance use disorders. The results showed, by comparison of 55 research studies and a controlled or alternate treatment sample, that TC, 12-step, family-based intervention, CBT, a motivational-based therapy (MI and BI), had overall positive effects (Winters, Botzet, & et al, 2011). Family-based therapy, CBT, and motivational enhancement Therapy, showed the best outcomes, by engaging and enabling an adolescent to understand how the dynamics of family play a part in substance abuse, take responsibility for his/her actions and reactions, set goals, and learn coping skills to resist temptation in the continued use of substances. Treatment and approaches used in substance abuse, with adolescents need to be adequately and appropriately fit for the level of severity, as well as, addressing the needs of each adolescent, as an individual, not as one of a group (Anonymous,2009). Different treatment and approach modalities have been determined to be very successful, with positive outcomes, for adolescents with substance...
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...coordination of care across the health care continuum. Continuum of Care The health care delivery components in the public and private sector health care systems provide services from preconception to death resulting in a lifetime continuum of health care services. Health services are available for every stage of life, health, and even death. Your texts organize the health services delivery system into primary, secondary, tertiary, long-term, and palliative care. Within that framework, health care delivery services can be categorized as ambulatory, acute, or long-term. Ambulatory care, such as visits to a physician's office, is defined as care that does not involve admission to an inpatient facility. Preventive care such as immunizations or screening, wellness exams, and other routine care are part of the ambulatory care domain. Medical and surgical procedures provided in outpatient facilities also are considered ambulatory care. Acute care generally refers to emergency or short-term inpatient care in a teaching or community hospital. Long-term care services are provided in skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, and rehabilitation centers. These facilities provide nursing care and other social services...
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...Challenges in identifying and treating personality disorders: Change the catalyst of research! Personality disorders are psychiatric disorders characterized by chronic patterns of inner experience and behavior that are inflexible and present across a broad range of situations. They have a marked impact on patients’ interpersonal relationships, and social and occupational functioning, and can lead to problematic interactions in the medical setting (Ward, 2004). Personality disorders come in many forms of behaviors: from antisocial, narcissistic, avoidant and extreme and they are often regarded as conditions that are difficult to identify and treat effectiveness. As a result, there are many reasons for the incidence of persons with this behavior ceasing treatment programs prior to its completion. Dingfelder (2004) suggests that people with borderline personality disorders quit treatment programs about 70 percent of the time. This paper seeks to identify primary sources that provide research-based explanations of why struggles in effectiveness in the identification and treatment of personality disorders exist. It will also provide a proposal for a new research study that will help provide more information about increasing the effectiveness of treatment of such disorders. Effective Treatments from Research Personality disorders, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders are categorized into three clusters based on their primary...
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...The eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder NOS, which includes binge eating disorder—are actually entities or syndromes and are not considered to be specific diseases. It is not known if they share a common cause and pathology; therefore, it is more appropriate to conceptualize them as syndromes on the basis of the cluster of symptoms they present to be specific diseases. It is not known if they share a common cause and pathology; therefore, it is more appropriate to conceptualize them as syndromes on the basis of the cluster of symptoms they present Genetic There is a strong genetic link for eating disorders. In fact, data from community-based twin studies have suggested that the heritability is greater than 50% Neurobiological Research demonstrates that altered brain serotonin function contributes to dysregulation of appetite, mood, and impulse control in the eating disorders Newer brain imaging capabilities allow for more research into etiological factors of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Psychological Factors Because anorexia nervosa was observed primarily in girls approaching puberty, early psychoanalytic theories linked the symptoms to an unconscious aversion to sexuality. By maintaining a childlike body, the patient avoids the anxiety associated with developing into a mature sexual being Environmental Factors The Western cultural ideal that equates feminine beauty to tall, thin models has received much attention in the media...
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...Coping Mechanisms: strategies and outcomes. Coping with Crisis and Overwhelming affect: Employing coping mechanisms in the acute inpatient context. Isabel Clarke Consultant Clinical Psychologist Address for Correspondence: Isabel Clarke, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, AMH Woodhaven, Loperwood, Calmore, Totton SO40 2TA Email: isabel.clarke@hantspt-sw.nhs.uk Website: www.isabelclarke.org Abstract When mental health breaks down, the human being grasps at ways of coping with the crisis. The goal of coping is escape from intolerable affect and the means are familiar as 'symptoms' of mental illness. For example, to shut down physically and cease to compete is depression (Gilbert 1992), and drugs and alcohol provide a straightforward way out. As psychological therapists, our task is to devise, evaluate and, most importantly, persuade the client to adopt alternative, healthier, ways of coping; ways that offer less immediate relief, but which do not trap the person in a diminished quality of life. By explaining breakdown in terms of coping with intolerable affect, this approach, developed and evaluated in an acute hospital setting (Durrant, Clarke & Wilson 2007), enables us to offer more adapted skills for coping with affect as the solution. This 'third wave Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)' approach (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999) takes seriously the discontinuities in human information processing (Teasdale & Barnard 1993) and employs mindfulness...
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...services consists of a mix of public and private payment sources. Medicare and Medicaid represent the two major health programs. Funding for Ambulatory Services The use of Ambulatory Care Services is common amongst most people. It has become an important element in the delivery of health care. For many, it has been viewed as the primary source of health care; offering an extensive range of services that don’t require overnight hospitalization. The services offered can be as complex as tests to and therapies or as simple as a minor cut. Traditionally in the U.S., ambulatory care services were provided in the offices of medical practitioners and in the homes of the patients. Presently, these services are performed in outpatient clinics, emergency rooms, and same day surgery centers. Ambulatory care has expanded within the health care system. This is due to the fact that it is less expensive than inpatient stays and less time consuming for patients. In comparison to inpatient patient procedures, outpatient procedures have been estimated to be 30% to 60% less in costs. Funding for Ambulatory care services began when the first surgical care center opened in the 1970’s. The centers became certified by Medicaid, making it more attractive to the public which then allowed the ambulatory services to grow. My recommendation for ambulatory care services is that they should be federally funded. My decision is based on the fact that the use of the government is intended to increase...
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...Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder Stephanie Feeser COM/155F3 August 25, 2013 Judith Rottsolk Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder Not every disability is visible by looking at a person. Imagine living in a world surrounded by many people yet feeling alone, flawed, damaged, and unable to function in society. A patient suffering from mental illness can have these feelings every day. Education is the key to understanding mental illnesses such as Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Even though Schizophrenia and BPD share similar symptoms, they are often confused and misunderstood. There are a large number of similarities between BPD and Schizophrenia. Studies have shown that there is a genetic link with both mental illnesses. Childhood trauma, such as physical, sexual, and mental abuse, is a common history for patients with these diagnoses. Neglect of a child has negative effects that last a lifetime. The neglect causes symptoms such as inappropriate mood control, fear of abandonment, and attachment issues. No matter the history, whether it is genetics or abuse, facts show mental illness is prevalent. People who suffer from mental illness have a hard time functioning daily. Individuals with mental illnesses suffer from poor self-esteem and isolate themselves when they are in crises. Patients with these illnesses have contemplated, attempted or were successful with committing suicide. One in ten...
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