...The patient in our case study is a 6-month-old female whose father brings her to be evaluated by her physician. The patient presents with faintly blue skin and mucous membranes. Her breathing is normal and she does not present with any other symptoms. Her blood is drawn and is found to have a slight brown cast. In completing a differential diagnosis, it is important to review the normal physiology of the respiratory system. The respiratory system has four functions including exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, homeostatic regulation of body pH, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances, and vocalization. The respiratory system carries out these functions by exchanging air between the environment and the...
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...baccalaureate nurse shows greater nursing diagnosis skills and implementation of appropriate nursing interventions (Giger, 1990). Dr. Patricia Benner & team- Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching , suggests the requirement of all entry level registered nurses (associate degree) become baccalaureate trained, additionally, that within 10 years of any nurses primary licensure (associate or baccalaureate) that the education level of masters be obtained. The purposes of these proposals are to have better educated nurses as many new graduates are lacking in education, not meeting todays current practice demands (Benner, 2009). Registered Nurses are key in direct patient care and coordination of care with other disciplines. In many cases, the nurse is dealing with members of an interdisciplinary team, the majority holding a bachelors/maters level degree or higher. The nurse, frequently the person most directly involved...
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...Lung Cancer: What Is It And Is There A Cure In Sight? Winifred Farria Composition and Communication II/COM 156 June 23, 2012 University of Phoenix Instructor: Jennifer Caracciolo Abstract Of the many illnesses and diseases known to humanity, few are more frightening or deadly than cancer. Lung cancer is of especially great concern, because it kills more people worldwide than any other form of cancer. It is a silent killer, often going undetected until it is too late, because it often has no symptoms and cannot be screened for readily. Despite research efforts, no cure has been found for the disease and treatments are effective in a relatively small number of cases. However, some progress has been made in preventing lung cancer, especially by reducing exposure to cigarette smoke, asbestos, radon, and other carcinogens in the environment. Other causes and factors of lung cancer demand more research, and prevention efforts should be promoted. Lung Cancer: What Is It And Is There A Cure In Sight? Incidence and Mortality Lung cancer is one of the most significant medical problems in the U.S. and around the world, because it is the cause of more deaths nationally and globally than any other form of cancer (Centers for Disease Control, 2011, a; Clément-Duchêne & Wakelee, 2010). According to the Centers for Disease Control (2011, a), 14% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States in 2007 were lung cancer, and 28% of all cancer deaths in the same year were...
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...envelops the outside of the lungs; the other lines the inside of the chest cavity. (“About Pleurisy”. Pleurisy. National Institute of Health. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0023380). (b) The pleura’s role in the body is to protect and cushion the lungs. The lungs move smoothly in the chest cavity while breathing because of secretions of small amounts of fluids from the tissues that make up the pleura. (Pleura. National Institute of Health. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022321/). (c) Pleurisy can cause sharp chest pains and coughing. This pain is a result of the two layers of the pleura rubbing together without...
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...Pneumonia Case Study August 27th, 2014 Mrs. Yolanda Bone South University Pneumonia Case Study A major cause of morbidity and mortality is Pneumonia. Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses (Center for Disease Control, 2014).The infection is classified into two categories; community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The classification is determined by the environment in which the infection develops (CDC, 2014). HCAP develops during or following a stay in a healthcare facility. In contrast, patients who are diagnosed with CAP have had no contact within a health care setting prior to presenting with the infection (Driver, 2012). Pneumonia may be present as a mild illness but has the potential to be life-threatening. Despite advances in research, pneumonia remains a common illness contributing to the death of young children in developing countries and the elderly population of developed countries throughout the world (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). In 2010, approximately 50,000 people in the U.S. died after developing the infection (CDC, 2014). From a global perspective, 450 million cases of pneumonia are recorded annually and roughly 4 million of those diagnosed will die from this illness (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). CAP is the eighth-leading cause of death within the U.S. and is the leading cause of death from infection in the developed world (Brown, et al., 2012). While anyone is susceptible to contracting...
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...Pharmacogenomics 1.Introduction: Genomics: The study of genes and their function. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease. It is used to determine the entire DNA sequence of an organisms and a fine scale genetic mapping. The field also includes study of intra genomic phenomena such as Hetrosis, Epistasis, Pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. 2.History: The term genome was introduced by H. Winkler in 1920 to denote the complete set of chromosomal and extra chromosomal genes present in an organism, including a virus. This term is used in the same sense even today. The term genomics was coined by T.H. Roderick sometime in 1987 mean mapping and sequencing to analyze the structure and organization of genomes. But today genomics includes sequencing of genomes, determination of the complete set of proteins encoded by an organism, and the functioning of genes and metabolic pathways in an organism. Thus genomics not only deals with the determination of the genetic information present in an organism, but also with the understanding the mechanism by which this information is used by the organism. A major branch of genomics is still concerned with sequencing the...
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...Sudden cardiac death has been the number one cause of death amongst on-duty firefighters nearly every year since the NFPA began it’s study of on-duty fatalities in 1977 (NFPA, 2014). Most fire departments conduct fitness and medical screenings prior to hiring fire fighters in order to avoid employing persons who are not fit enough for the types of duty or are at high risk of injury caused by participation in the types of work firefighters do (NIOSH, 2007), however, despite current efforts to prevent firefighter fatalities due to cardiovascular events sudden cardiac death continues to account for approximately 45% of firefighter deaths per year (Johns Hopkins, 2014). Statistics such as these warrant increased effort and change...
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...of breath. Based upon how the patient presented and the results of the diagnostic tests that were conducted the patient was admitted to the progressive care unit of Banner Thunderbird. Diagnostic tests that were conducted was a chest X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultra sound to determine if there is a build up or either fluid and/or air in the pleural spaces of the lungs or a tumor that is causing the patient to have difficulty breathing. Non-imaging tests that are conducted would be a blood studies and arterial blood gas test. The blood studies would be able to dictate if the patient has a bacterial or viral infection, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, a pulmonary embolus, or lupus, and the arterial blood gas test will be able to show how well the lungs are taking in oxygen by measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide within the arterial blood that is drawn (Pagana & Pagana, 2010). After collecting the patients medical history, and the results of all the diagnostic tests that were conducted it was determined that the patient had air and fluid accumulation in the pleural spaces in the lungs and needed to have a ultrasound guided thorocentesis to collect a sample of...
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...Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science (a term with which it is sometimes synonymous) which uses various methods of empirical investigation[1] and critical analysis[2] to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity. For many sociologists the goal is to conduct research which may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.[3] The traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularisation, law, and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as health, medical, military and penal institutions, the Internet, and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge. The range of social scientific methods has also expanded. Social researchers draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The linguistic and cultural turns of the mid-twentieth century led to increasingly interpretative, hermeneutic, and philosophic approaches to the analysis of society. Conversely, recent decades have seen the rise of new analytically, mathematically and computationally rigorous techniques...
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...Critical Pathway: Case Study of Chronic Renal Failure Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5104 October 4, 2013 Critical Pathway: Case Study of Chronic Renal Failure I. Introduction Mr. P. J., a 38-year-old African American male, presented to the Emergency Department by the rescue squad team, with a six day old complaint of increased swelling of the bilateral lower extremities, unusual weight gain, and a feeling of ‘I can not breathe’ per patient. Patient was sent as a direct admit to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and placed on 2 liters NC with hydration and adult special care monitoring. Vital signs were taken by the paramedic enroute revealing the following: Ambulance Vitals: * BP 202/112 * Pulse 101 * Respirations 20 * O2 86% before O2 * Temp. 98.4 * Height 5’10 Patient stating * Weight 222 lbs. Patient stating (weighed the day before) The paramedic started a 20 gauge IV into Mr. J’s right antecubital and started him on 2 liters nasal cannula; due to the “presence of crackles no Procardia was administered” (J. Madden, personal communication, August 14, 2013). The paramedic monitored the vitals and reported to medical control the situation and estimated time of their arrival in five minutes. Mr. P. J. has been married to K for twenty years and they have one child, a twelve-year-old daughter. Mr. P. J. has worked in construction for twenty years; Mr. J stated working on his feet all day he noticed the swelling six days ago...
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...Case Study for Final Exam Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The name myasthenia gravis, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means "grave muscle weakness." With current therapies, however, most cases of myasthenia gravis are not as "grave" as the name implies. In fact, for the majority of individuals with myasthenia gravis, life expectancy is not lessened by the disorder. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such as those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often, but not always, involved in the disorder. The muscles that control breathing and neck and limb movements may also be affected. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. It occurs when normal communication between the nerve and muscle is interrupted at the neuromuscular junction - the place where nerve cells connect with the muscles they control. Normally when impulses travel down the nerve, the nerve endings release a neurotransmitter substance called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine travels through the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors which are activated and generate a muscle contraction. ...
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...Conflict at work stems from employees’ petty, childlike behaviour and their inability to understand the necessary decisions that manager’s make for the good of the whole organization. Critically discuss this statement, drawing upon course readings that engage with the issue of employee resistance. Introduction In the following essay I am going to argue that conflict at work stems from managers decisions to control and dominate the lives of its employees, as it misuses the power relationship in an attempt to enhance its control. I will discuss the article by (Prasad and Prasad 2000), (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis 2008) and (Knights and Roberts 1982) to demonstrate this point. I also argue that conflict stems from attempts by employees to counteract the domination of basic human qualities such as feelings and emotions as they act in an attempt to restore dignity within their lives. I will do this with reference to texts by (Cohen and Taylor 1992), (Prasad and Prasad 2000), (Knights and Collinson 1987) and (Roberts 1984). As organisations are clearly places of domination I argue the importance of conflict within society to inhibit organisations exploiting and manipulating its employees and society at large. For this argument I will use texts by (Morgan 2006), (Baken 2004), (Rothschild and Miethe 1994) and (Blau 1963). Through the use of (Milgrams 1974) text I will argue the detrimental effects of obedience, with reference to the Nazi occupation of Europe, and thus the need...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR PROJECT MBA (18) _ID# 15-2364 As I work as an inhalation therapist at the hospital, I choose to present to you a case study that occurred with me in October 2013, and a debate that I had with the financial department manager due to a purchase of an equipment used to resuscitation and intubation for patients in need of cardiac and respiratory reanimation. Patient Case Study: Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance INTRODUCTION• Patient.History: Mr. Khoury presented to accident and emergency on the 6th October 2013, primarily due to the progressive deterioration of end stage motor neuron disease that was diagnosed two years ago. Coupled with a medical history of Alzheimer's disease, renal stones, enlarged prostate, hypertension, and an esophageal rupture, Mr. Khoury's health has continued to deteriorate as evidenced by weight loss, lack of appetite, decreased mobility, muscle wasting, poor oral intake and dysphasia. Prior to his admission to hospital, Mr. Khoury was cared for at home by his wife, however due to severe cognitive disturbances together with motor neuron features, his wife can no longer take care of him at home as she cannot determine his needs or understand his complaints. Mr. Khoury and his wife have both accepted his poor prognosis and deterioration as reflected by orders not to resuscitate, intubate or ventilate. His reason for admission is not an acute illness but to determine which palliative measures can be taken to relieve discomfort whilst...
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...Twins Photo: Twins A Thing or Two About Twins They have the same piercing eyes. The same color hair. One may be shy, while the other loves meeting new people. Discovering why identical twins differ—despite having the same DNA—could reveal a great deal about all of us. By Peter Miller Photograph by Martin Schoeller Every summer, on the first weekend in August, thousands of twins converge on Twinsburg, Ohio, a small town southeast of Cleveland named by identical twin brothers nearly two centuries ago. They come, two by two, for the Twins Days Festival, a three-day marathon of picnics, talent shows, and look-alike contests that has grown into one of the world's largest gatherings of twins. Dave and Don Wolf of Fenton, Michigan, have been coming to the festival for years. Like most twins who attend, they enjoy spending time with each other. In fact, during the past 18 years, the 53-year-old truckers, whose identical beards reach down to their chests, have driven more than three million miles together, hauling everything from diapers to canned soup from places like Seattle, Washington, to Camden, New Jersey. While one sits at the wheel of their diesel Freightliner, the other snoozes in the bunk behind him. They listen to the same country gospel stations on satellite radio, share the same Tea Party gripes about big government, and munch on the same road diet of pepperoni, apples, and mild cheddar cheese. On their days off they go hunting or fishing together. It's a way...
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...Organic Vs. Conventional “The ultimate goal of farming is not the growing of crops, but the cultivation and the perfection of human beings” (Fukuoka 119). Agriculture is one of the most important determinants of the quality of non-urban areas, one that can create a cultural identity of an area. But despite the cultural identity it can give, farming and agriculture also provide food which is needed for all living organisms to survive. Nevertheless, the processes and methods of producing the food are split between two very different ideas: Conventional or Organic agriculture. Conventional farming describes any farming not dedicated to alternative methods. Fundamentally, conventional farming is the kind of farming which dominated the 20th century and which accounts for most farming today. In conventional farming, chemical plant protectants, chemical fertilizers and intensive mass animal farming are common. The term “conventional farming” draws its meaning from the contrast to alternative farming methods such as organic farming. Conventional farming methods date back to the Industrial Revolution, which gave birth to newly invented machinery. This new machinery began producing goods with greater efficiency and output, which had previously been made by hand. It was also the beginning of the transformation of society, but did not overtake agriculture as quickly as it did in other areas of production, such as textiles and printing. No doubt, that was because agriculture...
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