In professional cycling “blood doping” was reportedly performed by some of the athletes. Blood doping is the transfusion of one’s own blood back to oneself, when it is not needed. Thinking about the normal red blood cells, why would an individual do this procedure? What is the danger? Another method a cyclist might use is the administration of erythropoietin (EPO). Why would they use this as a medication?
Red blood cells are the essential carrier of oxygen in the blood stream. When there is an abundance of red blood cells in the body, there is an increase in the supply of oxygen that can be delivered to muscle cells and tissues. When this occurs, the muscles can perform at a higher rate of efficiency and deliver power and strength. Because blood can come from the athlete themselves or from another person, there is a risk factor. If an athlete uses his or her own blood, they must undergo a blood withdraw, resulting in a potential shortage of blood, thus causing anemia. In the event that the blood comes from a third-party, communicable diseases and incompatibility can occur. Erythropoietin (EPO) is used by athletes to increase red blood cell counts as well. Erythropoietin is a type of protein that stimulates the production of red blood cells. EPO is a protein hormone produced by the kidneys. After being released into the bloodstream it binds with receptors in the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Using erythropoietin removes the health concerns that may come along with transfusing one’s own blood or another person’s blood. As with blood doping, adding EPO to the circulatory system can be dangerous. With blood doping, adding more red blood cells than the body needs can increase the viscosity of the blood. The most common risk is a blood clot that can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or sudden death in your sleep.