...PowerPoint Images Chapter 1 Introduction Mechanical Engineering Design Seventh Edition Shigley • Mischke • Budynas Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A product design must be • Functional : The product must perform to fill its intended need and customer expectation. • Safe : The product is not hazardous to the user, bystanders, or surrounding property. Hazards which cannot be “designed out” are eliminated by guarding (a protective enclosure); if that is not possible, appropriate directions or warnings are provided. • Reliable : Reliability is the conditional probability, at a given confidence level, that the product will perform its intended function satisfactorily or without failure at a given age. • Competitive : The product is a contender in its market. • Usable : The product is “user-friendly” accommodating to human size, strength, posture, reach, force, power, and control. • Manufacturable : The product has been reduced to a “minimum” number of parts, suited to mass production, with dimensions, distorsion, and strength under control. • Marketable : The product can be bought, and service (repair) is available. Human & Computer Programs There are many programs – Matlab, Excel, Ansys, Abaqus, AutoCAD, I-DEAS, etc. You should keep in mind, • The computer can remember data and programs. • The computer can calculate. • The computer can branch conditionally and unconditionally. Branching based on...
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...DESIGN SHEET KVA 50 Phase 3 Frequency 50Hz Delta/Star ------ H.V 11KV -------- H.V 11KV Line Voltage Phase Voltage ------ L.V 0.4KV --------- L.V 0.23KV ------ H.V 2.61 A -------- H.V 1.51 A Line Current Phase Current ------ L.V 72.16 A --------- L.V 72.16 A Type - Shell Type of Cooling --- ON _____________________________________________________________________________________ CORE 1. Material 0.35 mm thick 92 Grade 2. Output Constant k 1.3 3. Voltage per turn Et 9.19V 4. Circumscribing circle diameter d 162.92 mm 5. Dimensions a 123.84 mm b 309.58 mm 6. Net iron area Ai 34.506×103 mm2 7. Flux density Bm 1.2 Wb / m2 8. Flux ɸm 0.041407 Wb 9. Weight 144.8 Kg 10. Specific iron loss 0.8 W/ Kg 11. Iron loss 115.84 W YOKE 1. Depth of yoke DY 123.84 mm 2. Height of yoke Hy 309.58 mm 3. Net Yoke area 41.4×103 mm2 4. Flux Density 1 wb/ m2 5. Flux 0.041407 Wb 6. Weight 240.9 Kg 7. Specific iron loss 0.75 W/ Kg 8. Iron loss 180.67 W WINDOW 1. Number 2 2. Window space factor Kw 0.2439 3. Height of window Hw 165.65 mm 4. Width of window Ww 82.85 mm 5. Window area Aw 13.72×103 mm2 FRAME 1. Distance between adjacent limbs D 245.77 mm 2. Height of frame H 744.63 mm 3. Width of frame W 413.38...
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...Hmt Machine Tools ACKNOWLEDGEMENT- In real sense, a project is a combined effort of student skill and knowledge under the precious guidance of their experience and kind guidance of their training staff .Thus any project cannot be accomplished to one’s satisfaction without proper guidance and the total cooperation of all those involved in the project .So I am very thankful to the kind persons who have helped me immensely during our whole training period. I express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr.J.C.Sinha (finance) for their valuable guidance interest and consistent encouragement to me in the preparation of this project report. I also want to extend my greatest thanks to all those who are associated and contributed in this project. HMT PROFILE- HMT is incorporated in India in 1953 by the government of India as a machine tool manufacturing company. Over the years it diversified into watches, tractors, printing machinery, metal forming presses, die casting and plastic processing machinery, CNC systems and bearings. Today if we talk about HMT, it comprises of subsidiaries under the ambit of holding company, which also manages the tractors business directly. Earlier HMT was dealing only in watches but now in deals in many other products. The product range varies accordingly- 1. HMT machine tools 2. HMT watches limited 3. HMT Chinar watches limited 4. HMT international limited 5. HMT bearing tools limited 6. Praga tools limited It was in the early post...
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...Introduction to FMS What is FMS? United States Government - A series of automatic machine tools or items of fabrication equipment linked together with an automatic material handling system, a common hierarchical digital preprogrammed computer control, and provision for random fabrication of parts or assemblies that fall within predetermined families. Kearney and Trecker - A FMS is a group of NC machine tools that can randomly process a group of parts, having automated material handling and central computer control to dynamically balance resource utilization so that the system can adapt automatically to changes in parts production, mixes, and levels of output. From System Point of View FMS is a randomly loaded automated system based on group technology manufacturing linking integrated computer control and a group of machines to automatically produce and handle parts for continuous serial processing. FMS combines microelectronics and mechanical engineering to bring the economics of scale to batch work. A central on-line computer controls the machine tools, other workstations, and the transfer of components and tooling. The computer also provides monitoring and information control. This combination of flexibility and overall control makes possible the production of a wide range of products in small numbers. From Process and Technology of View 1. A process under control to produce varieties of components or products within its stated capability and to a predetermined schedule. 2...
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...1 INTRODUCTION People have been thinking about artificial intelligence since before the 1950's. It was in that time that Alan Turing proposed the “Turing Test”. Which measures how well a computer can think by having an interrogator ask it and a human questions. If the interrogator cannot determine which is human and which is machine then the machine has passed the Turing test.[1] Its been 15 Years since Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Gary Kasparov. And since then chess computers have continued to improve dominate. Most notably Deep Fritz the desktop chess program beating Vladimir Kramnik.[2] Just 2 years ago IBM developed “Watson” a computer that played Jeopardy and beat former winner Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.[3] With A.I. Improving the question of how intelligent machines should be used to interact with humans becomes more and more relevant. In what ways can A.I. be used to interact with people and what moral implications exist? 2 A.I. IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR Intelligent machines are already being used by many private companies. These are in the forms of autopilot, data mining, facial recognition, etc. Those are not form of A.I. that humans interact with. There some modern uses of A.I. Humans interact with such as automated systems and there will be more as technologies develop. Something else that will come along with the development of artificial intelligence is robots as domestic helpers. And both of these will bring with them many ethical questions to...
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...Domestic SEED CLEANING MACHINE industry has weak comprehensive abilities. And the rate of multipurpose utilization of resources is still low. The data displays that, 80% of the domestic processing products belong to rough machining or once processing. We can increase science and technology input to enlarge seed cleaning machine market profits. Though we have a late starting, we should have confidence about ourselves. What we should do now is to introduce advanced technology. Second, we can improve processing capacity of seed cleaning machine to enlarge seed cleaning machine market profits. People have higher and higher demand to seed cleaning machine features. This requires domestic seed cleaning machine enterprises to pay attention to talent cultivation and study much higher features of seed cleaning machines so as to meet market needs much better. Third, we can improve seed cleaning machine quality to enlarge seed cleaning machine market profits. Seed cleaning machine quality is the key point of its development. Only when we design high quality of seed cleaning machine, can we develop larger market potential. Fourth, we should reinforce brand awareness to enlarge seed cleaning machine market profits. We should have the brand awareness and enlarge seed cleaning machine market influence so as to realize better market development and seed cleaning machine market profits. Seed cleaning machine industry, as one of the main processing industries, has been developing...
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...Declaration This is to declare that alika jeremiah has undergone his student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) program at KIN-ROYAL NIG. LTD; Ojo local government in Lagos state. _________________________________ ____/____/____ STUDENT DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ INSTITUTION’S SUPERVISOR DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ SIWES CO-ORDINATOR DATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to first and foremost express my sincere thanks and gratitude to God for the grace, wisdom and endurance he granted me throughout this program. I thank my parents, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Alika who has been there to support and direct me in every aspect of my life. Also to my brothers and sister who encouraged me especially in times of difficulty. Forgetting not the owner and managing director of the company, KIN-ROYL NIG. LTD, in the person of Mr. KizitoNzulumike, and the manager in the person of Mr. Vincent Nweke for their contributions in one way or the other in trying to see to my well being and knowledge acquisition in the whole program. Also to all staff and workers of KIN-ROYAL NIG.LTD, for their warm and embracing support and hospitality. May the almighty God reward you all. To my friends, classmates and IT colleagues, I appreciate you all for the support and relationship you aided me with. I cannot forget you. Finally, to my industrial attachment supervisor, Mr. Vincent Nweke, and my institution supervisor Dr...
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...Solution 4 Bronze machines: Number of units produced by Bronze machine = 12000 sprinklers Three machine in a line, 2 line = 6 bronze machines As each unit produces 12000 units Total units produced in a year = 12000*6=72000 Bronze capacity per year is 72000 units For 4 years, 72000 *4 = 288000 units Plastic Machines: Units produced by plastic machine= 200 000 One machine, 2 lines= 2 plastic machine Total units= 2 *200000= 400 000 units For 4 years 4*400 000= 160 000 units Bronze | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Demand | 21 | 24 | 29 | 34 | % of capacity used | 58.30% | 66.70% | 80.60% | 94% | Machine Requirements | 1.75 | 2 | 2.42 | 2.83 | Labor Requirements | 3.5 | 4 | 4.84 | 5.66 | Plastic | Year 1 | Year2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Demand | 97 | 115 | 136 | 141 | % of capacity used | 48.00% | 57.50% | 68.00% | 71% | Machine Requirements | 0.485 | 0.575 | 0.685 | 0.705 | Labor Requirements | 1.94 | 2.3 | 2.72 | 2.82 | The requirement for plastic remains unchanged. Bronze | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Demand | 32 | 36 | 41 | 52 | % of capacity used | 88.90% | 100.00% | 113.90% | 144.40% | Machine Requirements | 2.67 | 3 | 3.42 | 4.33 | Labor Requirements | 5.33 | 6 | 6.84 | 8.67 | Thus the increased demand cannot be fulfilled with the given capacity. Solution 8: E(3)= 2.4+2.4= 4.8$ E(4)= 2+0.6= 2.6$ E(2)= 4.8$ Hence the company shouldbuild a factory with small...
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...The Production process and the components of technology involved consist of: robots, computer-aided design and manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems, and computer-integrated manufacturing. Each component is important to the speed and flexibility of the production process of any product. The computer-integrated manufacturing process is where companies have integrated robots, CAD/CAM, FMS, computers, and other technologies as a production system in which computers are there to help workers. The computers will help workers with design products, control machines, handle materials, and control the production function in an integrated fashion. Just because companies have integrated computers into their production process does not mean that there are less people working on the production line. It does implement a new type of automation organized around the computer, in which makes the automation process more simple for the employee. The advantages of computer-integrated manufacturing are the increase in productivity, deceased design costs, increased equipment utilization, and improved quality. With the implementation of the computer-integrated manufacturing companies have to worry less about error on their production line. Computers are helping with the automation of the production and to increase speed and quality of production. When there are only workers that are funning the production line, companies have to include cost for error. With employees doing all of...
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...Rice processing machinery market is large in the world. More and more rice milling machinery manufactures appear. Our RICE MILLING MACHINES are widely acknowledged by the esteemed customers for their features like accurate results, high operational efficiency, easy to operate, low energy consumption and low-maintenance. Owing to their outstanding features, these are extensively used for several purposes by flour mill, pulses mill, cement industry, rick mill and hardware industry. Rice milling machines designed by our factory has the follow features: 1. With removing stone/dust functions 2. The broken rate is lower in processing and chaff can be removed cleanly 3. Parts and components are durable with less maintenance. 4. Advanced international standard 5. High yielding and more benefits We Have Excellent Experience in the Field of rice milling machinery supply & installation of rice processing Plants. We design, develop, manufacture and install as per custom-built solutions. Whether these are single machines, complete processing lines or large turnkey projects with highly advanced automation and management information systems. We master all disciplines and expertise development, crop knowledge, engineering and manufacturing, as well as in professional project management & consulting service. If you are interested in RICE MILLING MACHINES, please visit our website for more information. Believe that you will get helpful information for buying rice milling plants. Email:...
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...Your business likely requires a number of pieces of equipment to function. This is especially true for businesses that must deal with large and heavy items on a regular basis. Fortunately, there are professionals that can help your enterprise to streamline the maintenance and moving these devices. However, if you are unfamiliar with millwrights, you might benefit from having the following couple of questions answered about these professionals. How Can A Millwright Help Your Enterprise? A millwright is a person that specializes in setting up, dismantling and maintaining machines. Whether you are needing help managing the equipment for a factory or a construction company, proper care of the various machines you use can greatly reduce your...
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...line. cellular production Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements. computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) The use of computers in process control. computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system. cycle time The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit. fixed-position layout Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed. flexible manufacturing system (FMS) A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products. group technology The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics. intermittent processing Nonrepetitive processing. line balancing The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements. numerically controlled (N/C)...
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...best about their operation is how catering carts are brought moved from largest kitchen in the world to the planes which show efficient and effective operations. The video shows the steps on how the emirates flight catering clean the plates and cook the food. The first step is to use the custom build high load truck which is designed to reach the door of the (height of plane), the employees will clean the airplane and it must be ready within 25minutes. Then the food will be put into the fully laden carts which are stowed in stainless steel lacks which is all controlled in a central monitoring system. The carts are moved either for storage, repair or reuse. All is done at the press of a button. The second step is the industrial washing machines will clean all the dirty dishes. Then the dishes will be prepared in hand by qualified chefs and the will be cooked in an industrial scale. The food is taken by a rolling conveyance through blast chillers they flat the dishes with super chilled air which absorbs the heat left in the food preventing bacterial growth. After preparing the food, they are kept in giant fridges to be saved at the required safe temperature and it becomes ready to be assembled. The last step is to take back all the carts after they are loaded with trays filled with food. I learned that in operations it is important on...
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...decision and presents their evidence to the management committee together with their personal views as to which of two alternative machines ought to be bought. No conclusion is reached in the case. Some notes on the Rochem Ltd case exercise The equipment purchase decision in general It is unusual for facilities to be chosen on one criterion only. For example, if a piece of equipment is needed immediately and only one model or make is available without considerable delivery delays, then the criterion of availability has predominated. Normally, however, in addition to availability there are two other groups of criteria which are used: technical and financial. Technical criteria The most obvious technical criterion is capability that is, can the equipment do the job required of it? Certainly this criterion can be used as an initial screening test to eliminate obviously unsuitable equipment, but often there will be several which ostensibly meet the criterion. It may be that the capability requirements are difficult to define or predict, or that none of the alternative machines completely fulfils the requirements. As well as absolute capability, variation in capability can be important, variation both in the sense of reliability, and the process variability in performance which the machine displays. The relative reliability of alternative machines is usually difficult to predict in advance of purchase. However, if manufacturers are prepared to give service guarantees then...
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...would no longer be needed to do mundane or dangerous tasks, and we could instead spend our days sitting by our pools, sipping cocktails and pondering what else we could do with all of our free time that technology provided. Fast forward in time to our modern reality. Computers and robots have indeed modernized production lines, and technology has permeated nearly every facet of our lives. Modern factories and businesses have become so technological that it is the roles of humans and machines have blurred. The truth is, however, that no matter how sophisticated machines may be; human intervention and participation is still essential to the smooth functioning of any organization. The subject of our case study, the Telebank call centre, is a very flat organization that is based on a functional structure. They have three categories of employees, so there aren’t the successive levels of supervisors or managers found in many other types of organizations. I think that this company replicates a “machine” in many ways. The work is repetitive and monotonous. Except for inputs of emotion to customize the experience for callers and to demonstrate some empathy to their plight, the basic tasks remain the same. Every aspect of the job is recorded, measured and analyzed, so as an engines diagnostic computer provides data so that engineers can maximize performance, so too is data produced. In fact the problem becomes what data is important because there is so much of it. Additionally,...
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