...Inroduction Within this report the macro-forces of an industry will be analysed, continuing on to compare the marketing mix of two organisations within that industry. All organisations - with their suppliers, customers, competitors, and publics - have a macroenvironment. This environment consists of macro forces that act on and affect the organisation and are generally outside their control, as opposed to the micro forces which also affect the organisation, but are generally under their control. The marketing mix is the term used to describe how an organisation goes about developing a product and selling it to the market. The industry chosen is soft drinks which industry falls into the category of fast-moving-consumable-goods (FMCG's), as it is a product that is consumed, and is fast-moving. These won't sit in a supermarket or convenient store for long, as they are constantly being purchased. Other examples of a 'FMCG' are canned foods, ice cream, soup, cereal, potato chips and a whole lot more. Part 1 There are six main macro forces making up the "macroenvironment." These are: • The demographic environment - which is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, and occupation 1. Studies in this area, for example, can show the changing age structure, which is necessary, as marketeers need to understand who makes up the market, thus allowing them to make the most effective decisions for the marketing mix. • The economic environment...
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...peoples' survival. Warfare between the guerrillas, paramilitary groups, and armed forces endangers Colombia's 102 aboriginal groups, dozens of which face extinction because of the conflict. Despite being trapped in a prolonged conflict financed by the drug trade, indigenous women are resourcefully leading and creating transformation imbued with hope. Doris is a young Awá tribal leader who takes charge to protect a group of internal refugees fleeing combat between the army and the guerrillas. While speaking at a U.N. press conference in Colombia’s capital, she learns that five people from her village were slain by masked men. Despite the risks, Doris returns to her village. She continues leading the vulnerable Awá people whose living, growing coca leaves, which are the base for cocaine, makes them targets for the U.S. funded fumigations. Doris is determined to defend her people and end the violence by speaking out. Ludis is a Kankuamo widow, and mother of three, who is framed and imprisoned on false charges of rebellion. After a year, Ludis is released from prison. She returns to her village and forms a weaving collective with other female victims of the systematic murders perpetrated by paramilitary bands. Later, Ludis confronts her husbands’ killer and spares her sons from perpetuating this cycle of violence. Flor Ilva is the first woman entrusted to lead her 300-year-old Nasa tribal government. She faces a crisis caused by police barracks that endanger civilians by placing them...
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...In this paper I'm going to compare depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogen. I've chosen alcohol as the depressants. Cocaine is what I have chosen as the stimulant. As my last choice, I've chosen Ecstasy. After I compare the aforementioned substances, I will give a theoretical explanation for why an individual would choose to use one or more of these drugs. Let begin with alcohol. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital functions—resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and an inability to react quickly. As for how it affects the mind, it is best understood as a drug that reduces a person’s ability to think rationally and distorts his or her judgment. Alcohol overdose causes even more severe depressant effects like: the inability to feel pain, toxicity where the body vomits the poison, unconsciousness, coma, or death from severe toxic overdose. These reactions depend on how much is consumed and how quickly. There are different kinds of alcohol. Ethyl alcohol, ethanol, the only alcohol used in beverages, is produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits. Fermenting is a chemical process whereby yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the food, creating alcohol. Fermented drinks, such as beer and wine, contain from two percent alcohol to twenty percent alcohol. Distilled drinks, or liquor, contain from forty percent to fifty percent or more alcohol. Today, an estimated fifteen million Americans suffer from alcoholism. Next...
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...Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Barbara Murray (2006c) explained the soft drink industry by stating, “For years the story in the nonalcoholic sector centered on the power struggle between…Coke and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the industry's giants have begun relying on new product flavors…and looking to noncarbonated beverages for growth.” In order to fully understand the soft drink industry, the following should be considered: the dominant economic factors, five competitive sources, industry trends, and the industry’s key factors. Based on the analyses of the industry, specific recommendations for competitors can then be created. Dominant Economic Factors Market size, growth rate and overall profitability are three economic indicators that can be used to evaluate the soft drink industry. The market size of this industry has been changing. Soft drink consumption has a market share of 46.8% within the non-alcoholic drink industry, illustrated in Table 1. Datamonitor (2005) also found that the total market value of soft drinks reached $307.2 billion in 2004 with a market value forecast of $367.1 billion in 2009. Further, the 2004 soft drink volume was 325,367.2 million liters (see Table 2). Clearly, the soft drink industry is lucrative with a potential for high profits, but there are several obstacles to overcome in order to capture the market share. The growth rate has been recently criticized due to the U.S. market saturation of soft drinks. Datamonitor...
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...Psychoactive Drugs And Their Effects Abstract This paper discusses three different psychoactive drugs, one from each classification, and their general psychological and physical effects. Cocaine, a stimulant, Cannabis, a hallucinogen and Oxycodone, a depressant will be covered. Positive, neutral and adverse effects will be discussed as well as long-term use and withdrawal symptoms. Cannabis has a section regarding its medicinal use in society. Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and topical anesthetic that is extracted and refined from the Erythroxylum coca plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America. Coca leaf chewing has been around for thousands of years. The drug was first isolated in the 1850’s and had medicinal use through the late 19th century. Recreational use became a problem in the early 20th century and became illegal is the United States in 1914. The chemical name for cocaine is benzoylmethyl ecgonine; it is a bitter, white, odorless crystalline drug. Cocaine has multiple methods of ingestion; it can be insufflated, taken orally or intravenously. It can be smoked to some degree, but tends to burn rather than vaporize because of the high temperature required. Freebase cocaine vaporizes at smoking temperatures and creates a more intense high whilst using less product. Street terminology consists of coke, snow, nose candy, white, blow and soft, among others. Freebase is known as crack, rock and hard...
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...Jessica Hogan We will explore the following: 1. Source and history of cocaine: Cocaine was first introduced in the early ninth century. It comes from the coca plant. Cocaine is both a stimulant and a suppressant, this means that you have a lot of happiness and a feeling of energy when you take the drug. It is said to be like a “stronger version of coffee.” It was found in the Andes Mountains of South America. At first cocaine was thought to have a lot of medical advantages, and treat certain diseases. (http://casapalmera.com/the-history-of-cocaine/) 2. Effects and chemical characteristics of the substance: Cocaine causes a euphoric feeling. It provides the user with lots of energy and awakens the brain making the user feel very alert. It brings up your mood and makes you feel like you are on the top of the world. Its molecular formula is C17H21NO4. (http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10194104.html) (http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/cocaine-use-and-its-effects) 3. Routes of administration Cocaine is typical administrated in three way. According to the statistics of the article “Cocaine: patterns of use, route of administration, and severity of dependence,” the results were that 40% of people prefer smoking the drug, 32% prefer intranasal, and 24% prefer injecting after a seven of 150 users was taken. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7921717) 4. Introduction of "Crack" and its relationship with race ...
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...Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First CenturyI. Case issue: Implications of strategic rivalry on cola industrys structure and performance (See Exhibits 1 & 2 for analysis) A. Implications on structure of cola industry 1. Bottlers have been consolidated by concentrate producers (CP), placing smaller CPs at the mercy of Pepsi and Coca-Colas distribution systems (See Exhibit 3) a. Making it tougher for smaller CPs like Cott Corporation to compete and leaving them open to the threat of acquisition b. Exposing Coca-Cola and Pepsi to the risk of anti-trust legal or regulatory action with bottlers’ exclusive territories and policies that forbid carrying competing cola products 2. Bottlers profitability is in danger with slim margins and declining growth (See Exhibit 4) a. CP should come to bottler’s aide with financial assistance, concentrate price breaks or increased marketing to preserve industry structure b. Bottlers will have to upgrade their technology to handle expanded product lines (See Exhibit 2) c. Bottlers should consider diversifying into snack food distribution through alliances or CP acquisitions like Pepsi’s Frito-Lay division B. Implications on performance of cola industry 1. CSDs made up a substantial share of 2000 US Liquid Consumption (See Exhibit 4), but this doesn’t make them immune to risk a. Declining stock prices show a corrected over-valuation of companies (See Exhibit 4) b. Declining growth rates for carbonated soft drinks and increasing...
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...Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Meghan Deichert, Meghan Ellenbecker, Emily Klehr, Leslie Pesarchick, & Kelly Ziegler Strategic Management in a Global Context February 22, 2006 Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Barbara Murray (2006c) explained the soft drink industry by stating, “For years the story in the nonalcoholic sector centered on the power struggle between…Coke and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the industry's giants have begun relying on new product flavors…and looking to noncarbonated beverages for growth.” In order to fully understand the soft drink industry, the following should be considered: the dominant economic factors, five competitive sources, industry trends, and the industry’s key factors. Based on the analyses of the industry, specific recommendations for competitors can then be created. Dominant Economic Factors Market size, growth rate and overall profitability are three economic indicators that can be used to evaluate the soft drink industry. The market size of this industry has been changing. Soft drink consumption has a market share of 46.8% within the non-alcoholic drink industry, illustrated in Table 1. Datamonitor (2005) also found that the total market value of soft drinks reached $307.2 billion in 2004 with a market value forecast of $367.1 billion in 2009. Further, the 2004 soft drink volume was 325,367.2 million liters (see Table 2). Clearly, the soft drink industry is lucrative with a potential for high profits, but there are several...
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...Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Meghan Deichert, Meghan Ellenbecker, Emily Klehr, Leslie Pesarchick, & Kelly Ziegler Strategic Management in a Global Context February 22, 2006 Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks Barbara Murray (2006c) explained the soft drink industry by stating, “For years the story in the nonalcoholic sector centered on the power struggle between…Coke and Pepsi. But as the pop fight has topped out, the industry's giants have begun relying on new product flavors…and looking to noncarbonated beverages for growth.” In order to fully understand the soft drink industry, the following should be considered: the dominant economic factors, five competitive sources, industry trends, and the industry’s key factors. Based on the analyses of the industry, specific recommendations for competitors can then be created. Dominant Economic Factors Market size, growth rate and overall profitability are three economic indicators that can be used to evaluate the soft drink industry. The market size of this industry has been changing. Soft drink consumption has a market share of 46.8% within the non-alcoholic drink industry, illustrated in Table 1. Datamonitor (2005) also found that the total market value of soft drinks reached $307.2 billion in 2004 with a market value forecast of $367.1 billion in 2009. Further, the 2004 soft drink volume was 325,367.2 million liters (see Table 2). Clearly, the soft drink industry is lucrative with a potential for high profits, but there are several...
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...DEDICATION We would like to dedicate this project to our parents who has given us opportunity to study herein DBMS, and to our respected teacher who give us a chance to work on this project. [pic][pic][pic][pic] 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY««««««««««««««««« 2 2- HISTORY OF PEPSI COLA INTERNATIONAL««««««« 3 3- VISION STATEMENT««««««««««««««««««. 4 4- MISSION STATEMENT«««««««««««««««««. 5 5- IMPROVED MISSION STATEMENT«««««««««««. 5 STAGE 1 (INPUT STAGE) 6- SWOT ANALYSIS«««««««««««««««««««« 6 7- EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS«««««««««. 10 8- KEY EXTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS .«««««««««« 14 9- KEY INTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS ««.««««««««. 15 10- ANALYSIS OF COMPETITORS PROFILE««««««««... 16 STAGE 2 (MATCHING STAGE) 11- TOWS MATRIX««««««««««««««««««««« 17 12- SPACE MATRIX««««««««««««««««««««.. 18 13- IE MATRIX««««««««««««««««««««««« 20 14- GRAND MATRIX«««««««««««««««««««« 22 STAGE 3 (DECISION STAGE) 15- QSPM OF PEPSICO««««««««««««««««««« 23 16- RECOMMENDATIONS & CONCLUSION«««««««««. 25 Growth, Balance, and aWorld of Fun [pic][pic] 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are thankful to Almighty ALLAH ´most beneficent and the most Mercifulµ Who made us able to complete our given project successfully and for giving us much cooperation and supporting parents who has given us this opportunity to study here. we would like to thank SIR SHAHID TUFAIL for giving us the confidence and opportunity to prove ourselves. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Strategic management...
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...Coca: a gift from Mother Earth or poison for the body and madness for the mind. For the people of the Andean region of Bolivia and Peru, the growing and chewing of the coca leaf is a part of everyday life. It is not unusual for these people to chew coca leaves or drink coca tea in much the same way that people in the western world might drink a cup of tea or coffee. The problem comes in separating the traditional everyday use of a mild stimulant with its much stronger and highly addictive alter ego, cocaine. Indeed, it could be argued that cocaine is truly “poison for the body and madness for the mind”, but should this misuse of a valuable commodity justify the complete eradication of the coca plant? Or is the coca plant a gift from Mother earth, to be cherished and appreciated? The following pages shall compare and contrast the pros and cons of the coca plants controversial existence in an attempt to gain a greater understanding of this dilemma. The opposing sides of the argument and their standpoints shall be identified. The difficulty in differentiating coca from cocaine will be examined. A comparison of the health benefits of coca verses the negative impacts of cocaine shall be made. The economic importance of the coca plant in the Andean region scrutinised. Firstly, we must identify the two sides of this argument. The Andean people believe that coca is a gift from mother earth and an integral part of their culture and way of life. The United Nations Narcotics...
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...[pic] Marketing Plan On Coca Cola Submitted To: Rahima Lecturer of Marketing BBA Department Principle of Marketing Submitted By: 1. Arifur (Team Leader) 2. Koponur Islam 3. R Management"s Achievement Claims Perspective It is to no one’s surprise that Coca-Cola is one of the world’s largest companies. Fourteen years ago, Coca-Cola began building credibility to its investors by never over-promising, just consistently hitting long-term growth targets. In Great Britain, Coca-Cola surpassed two leading teas of consumption per capita. People said it would not be possible, but Coke did it. That is just one example. Coca-Cola’s management believes in the theory that people need 64 ounces of liquid everyday to survive. Right now, Coke only accounts for an average of less than two of those ounces. They believe that by adding strength to the world’s strongest brand, it will help people make Coke a more frequent choice for those 64 ounces. The part of this Annual Report that We personally wanted to attack was the lack of sales in Canada and Coca-Cola’s goals in improving them. Being native of Canada and a big Coke fan, I know that Coke has struggled in my homeland for several years. M. Douglas Investor answered my concern by stating that Coke allowed the retail prices of their products to out pace their value in the eyes of our consumers. Since 1994-1995, Canada’s unit per case volume increased 4%. Coke is expecting an even greater increase...
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...1. Coca-cola main duties is to gain profit from attract the consumer into choosing their brand. However majority of countries follow the local laws instead of standards law. The best suggestion for Coca-cola is that, individual countries that coca-cola invested in must be adapted toward the local laws. The tax payment, the human right laws (working hour, equally and fairness) The company should have a standard moral and culture of respecting each other. By influencing the culture of coca-cola to the employee, the brand itself reflect and grown their personality to the consumer. The service must taste and feel fresh like their product (coke). Conclusion, for the laws and profit issues the company must adjusted toward the country they were in. For the management and responsibilities is the company job to influence their staff. 2. (a) The way Coca-cola advertised was considered as propaganda. 94% of the world recognizes the red/white logo. They didn’t only invest in the drink but also as a sponsor for entertainment business which promoting them to the wild range of society. The legal issue that Coke had cause was the India coca-cola compensation law that passed in Kerala. The issue was that the company had over production and consuming the water which causing shortage water supply for the people in the area. The company earn large amount of profit but it damaging the environment around them, maybe sometime there should be a moral and management in-house laws for the company...
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...Cola Wars Strategy Case Analysis Executive Summary: Together, Pepsi and Coke have historically dominated the carbonated soft drink (CSD) market while competing fiercely with each other for market share in the U.S. Until the late 1990s, CSD consumption in the U.S. grew at a healthy annual rate of 3% - 7%, and both Coke and Pepsi were able to prosper. However, largely due to health issues related to the consumption of soft drinks, consumption of CSDs in the U.S. has been declining since the late 1990s. A five forces analysis of the soft drink industry (Exhibit 1) shows that focusing on the CSD market is not likely to be a highly profitable strategy going forward. I recommend that Pepsi focus on continued innovation and expansion into “non carbs” in both the U.S. and in emerging markets where Coke does not already have a dominant presence. Key Questions/Issues: Pepsi and Coke focused on producing concentrate, or flavor base, for the beverages while leaving the bottling function to nationwide networks of franchisees. The concentrate business was much more profitable than bottling due to lower fixed costs, lower operating costs, and the well-known brands of the concentrate producers. The concentrate industry had a low threat of entry, low bargaining power for suppliers and low to moderate bargaining power for buyers (whereas bottlers faced very high bargaining power from their suppliers—Coke and Pepsi), and a market with healthy levels of growth. In the 1980s...
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...Although the concentrate business and the bottling business both work together to ensure that the finished products are delivered to the retailers and then the consumers, their economic responsibilities are very much separate from one another. Firstly the concentrate producers are responsible for blending the raw materials and packaging the blended mixtures into containers that will later be shipped to the bottlers for more processing. Much of the concentrate business deals with very little machinery and overhead costs compared to the bottlers associated costs. A normal concentrate manufacturing plant would cost roughly $50 to $100 million and could handle a population the size of the U.S. Most of Concentrate expenses come from advertising, promotion, market research, and bottler support. This causes the gross profits for the concentrate business to be at 32% margin for their operating expenses. Besides their production responsibilities, the concentrate business is also the one who builds relationships and negotiates with large retail corporations, while the bottlers take over small regional accounts in restaurants or cooler freezers. The concentrate business is also always looking for ways to improve the bottlers operations to make it more efficient, sometimes even negotiating with the bottlers’ suppliers. This is why the concentrate manufacturers have more influence over the economics of the business. On the other hand, bottlers are responsible for purchasing the concentrate...
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