...Computer crime Computer Crime Definition A computer crime is any illegal action where the data on a computer is accessed without permission. This access doesn't have to result in loss of data or even data modifications. Arguably the worst computer crime occurs when there are no indications that data was accessed. Computer crime is often attributed to rogue hackers and crackers, but increasingly organized crime groups have realized the relative ease of stealing data with relative low-level of risk. Government organizations are also rumored to be involved with hacking in to computer systems, but the legality of such actions is far too grey an area to be discussed here. Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network, where the computers may or may not have played an instrumental part in the commission of a crime.[1] Netcrime refers, more precisely, to criminal exploitation of the Internet.[2] Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise. On the global level, both governments and non-state actors continue to grow in importance, with the ability to engage in such activities as espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes sometimes referred to as cyber warfare. The international legal system is...
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...High-tech Crime Nowadays, with the rapid development of social, technological has also fast development and played very important role for the development of economy and people's lives . Technology has become an important factor, as the bridge between the exchange component of the global society, of all the problems...With the strong growth of the economy - one of the fastest growing fields, technology has also received great attention of people. Technology, including the development of information and communication. Today, people have more occasions to information technology. Almost occupation or activity areas in modern society require the presence of information technology. Because of diversity, the objects of information technology are increasing, from an individual to an agency, organization, company or country. Therefore, the role of information technology is becoming increasingly important and irreplaceable. However, with the development and an important role in all areas of life, information technology also bring negative side and the problems are not solved, we will discuss the following here – the high-tech crime. The issue of personal information security is a point frequently in the newspapers write about technology. However, not everyone has a correct perception of privacy when sensitive personal information is stolen - social networks accounts, online accounts, bank cards payment... are becoming very popular in the world. They are quick, convenient and they can...
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...preventative measures corporations, governments and other private institutions take to secure their data. (Harvey, 1985) Common Tools of a Hacker “To catch a thief, it takes a thief.” We’ve all heard it sometime in life likely. To first take the steps of understanding how to prevent hacking, we must familiarize ourselves with some of their tools. DDOS and DOS Attacks Denial of service attacks are a frequent occurrence on the internet. Often referred to as “DOS attacks”. DOS attacks are initiated by hackers sending packets, or bits of data, very repetitively to the victim’s computer until it is unable to communicate any other packets. (PBS, 2001) One such attack was executed against some big United States companies. On February 8th 2000, “MafiaBoy” or Michael Calce attacked sites such as Yahoo!, CNN, eBay, and E-Trade, with repeated DOS attacks. Even though he was only able to bring them down momentarily, it is a pretty big accomplishment given their security measures. (Gross, 2011) Trojan Horses Trojan horses are much like you would assume from ancient Greece and their history with the Trojan horse, they usually attach themselves to a program, or e-mail or even an alert on your iPhone, and unknowingly the user initiates a...
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...Chapter 2 Review Questions 1. Management is needed to perform risk assessments and spend and substantial amount of money to protect the day to day functioning of the organization. Technology does not set policies nor fix the various social issues 2. Data is the most important asset an organization possesses because it represents the daily transaction records and its ability effectively deliver value to its customers. Without data organizations would not be able to carry out day to day task. The functioning of the organization and the safe operation of applications, technology and people are other assets that require protection. 3. General management and IT management are both responsible for security implementations for organizations. 4. Business networks are now connected to other networks external to the organization which has made it easier for unauthorized access to the organizations networks creating vulnerability. 5. Information extortion occurs when a hacker performs an attack on your system and steals valuable information or compromising data. The hacker then contacts the person whose information it has stolen and demands compensation or some other form of recognition to get the personal information returned. 6. Employee’s mistakes can lead to the findings of classified data, internal errors entered, deletion or modification of data and the most recent the storage of sensitive data on unauthorized devices such as cell phones and laptops. 7. Individuals could protect...
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...other hacking tools, like phishing, to steal people’s identity or sign them up for expensive services, which they reap the profits. However, some of these criminals do it for thrill of the chase. According the reading CompCriminal.doc there are two types of cybercriminals, the non-professional hacker and the professional hacker. Another form a cyber-attack called the DoS attack or denial-of-service. “The attack is designed to paralyze websites, financial networks and other computer systems by flooding them with data from outside computers.” (James, 2009). The first document case of a DoS attack was in 2000 by a 15-year old Canadian boy nicknamed “Mafiaboy”. This attack was against several e-commerce sites including eBay.com and Amazon.com. There have been several other hackers prior to “Mafiaboy”. Two of the notorious cybercriminals were Kevin Mitnick and Robert Morris. In 1982, Mitnick broke into the North American Air Defense Command’s computer system. Mitnick was arrested, and convicted for his cybercrimes 1989, which was the first time he was convicted. In 1988, Morris created an Internet worm, which halted almost all Internet activity. He claimed it was an experiment, which he lost control of, and was sentenced to probation and community service. With the...
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...Denial of service attacks in Network security introduction and short history of DoS attacks: Denial of service attacks are one of the major threat to the modern computer networks.It has been said that first DDoS attack was launched in 1999 against the IRC server of university of minnesota which affected 227 systems and server was down for several days.Another DoS attack was documented in the week of feb 7 2000.A 15 year old canadian hacker named “mafiaboy” performed a series of DoS attack against some sites like ebay and amazon.Companies suffered from 1.7 billion of damage.After that it became the best way of hacking among cybercriminals. People used to perform these attacks for profits.Hackers will follow the procedures like mafiaboy and ask for the money.In 2005 ,it became more easy to implement those attacks ,a boy of 18-yr old named Farid Essabar developed a worm called MyTob which used to open a backdoor in Ms windows hosts and connect to the remote IRC server.The computer then used to wait for the commands from the servers.Farid was arrested for distributing the worm.This was surely not the last case.DDoS attacks were used to attack and money extortion. As name suggests Denial of Service aka DoS, it’s main objective is to make the system to deny the legitimate service requests. Basically DoS attacks are performed by exhausting the resources of the computer like processing power,network bandwidth,TCP connection and service buffers,CPU cycles and so on.Hackers actually...
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...The World of Cybercrimes Cybercrimes are one of the most dangerous threats to our Nation. There are no boundaries when it comes to cybercrimes. A cybercrime is one of the fastest growing crime types of the century and includes criminal activity involving computers and the internet. Hacking a computer is not the only thing considered a cybercrime. Downloading movies and music illegally is also a cybercrime. Once thought as something that only the military or other government officials had to worry about, it is now on the rise since everyone has a computer and it is easy to find out how to hack into computer systems. With the rise of internet usage among businesses and private users, the risk of being a victim of cybercrime is huge. The Security Tracking Study performed by the Pomemon Institute states that 83 percent of multinational companies feel that within the past 12 months they have been a target of a cybercrime. Price Water House Coopers states that the number of businesses having a security breach is more along the lines of 92 percent. Cybercrimes are attacks on computer hardware and software, downloading illegal movies and music, online fraud involving financial crimes and corruption with an organization, crimes against children and the elderly, cyber bullying and fraudulent telemarketing events for charitable donations. What was once something only “hackers” did is now something anyone can do. The term hacker was originally described as “any technical effort...
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...1.Potential act of Human Error Ans: An organisation can face information security breach from various sources. Employees and stakeholders are the threat agents closest to the organisational data. Employees uses data especially who are in an important role they can access all kind of data. Any mistake happens from employees can take the organisation losing its confidentiality, integrity. Now this kind of mistake happens sometimes intuitionally or accidentally. When an employee leaves classified data in unprotected manners can be treated as potential act of human error and attacker can take the privilege to breach the information security. According to Whitman, M., & Mattord, H., “This is because employee mistakes can easily lead to the following: revelation of classified data, entry of erroneous data, accidental deletion or modification of data, storage of data in unprotected areas, and failure to protect information.” Example: In April 1997, the core of the Internet suffered a disaster. Internet service providers lost connectivity with other ISPs due to an error in a routine Internet router table update process. The resulting outage effectively shut down a major portion of the Internet for at least twenty minutes. It has been estimated that about 45percent of Internet users were affected. (Whitman, M. E., & Mattord, H.J. 2012, p59). 2. Compromises to intellectual property Ans: According to Whitman, M., & Mattord, H., “Intellectual property is defined...
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...chapter 2 40 Chapter 2 you. I’ve asked Charlie Moody to come in today to talk about it. He’s waiting to speak with us.” When Charlie joined the meeting Fred said, “Hello, Charlie. As you know, the Board of Directors met today. They received a report on the expenses and lost production from the worm outbreak last month, and they directed us to improve the security of our technology. Gladys says you can help me understand what we need to do about it.” “To start with,” Charlie said, “instead of setting up a computer security solution, we need to develop an information security program. We need a thorough review of our policies and practices, and we need to establish an ongoing risk management program. There are some other things that are part of the process as well, but these would be a good start.” “Sounds expensive,” said Fred. Charlie looked at Gladys, then answered, “Well, there will be some extra expenses for specific controls and software tools, and we may have to slow down our product development projects a bit, but the program will be more of a change in our attitude about security than a spending spree. I don’t have accurate estimates yet, but you can be sure we’ll put cost-benefit worksheets in front of you before we spend any money.” Fred thought about this for a few seconds. “OK. What’s our next step?” Gladys answered, “First, we need to initiate a project plan to develop our new information security program. We’ll use our usual systems development and project...
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...CSE 4482 Computer Security Management: Assessment and Forensics Introduction to Information Security Instructor: N. Vlajic, Fall 2010 Learning Objectives Upon completion of this material, you should be able to: • Define key terms and critical concepts of information security. List the key challenges of information security, and key protection layers. Describe the CNSS security model (McCumber Cube). Be able to differentiate between threats and attacks to information. Identify today’s most common threats and attacks against information. • • • • Introduction “In the last 20 years, technology has permeated every facet of the business environment. The business place is no longer static – it moves whenever employees travel from office to office, from office to home, from city to city. Since business have become more fluid, …, information security is no longer the sole responsibility of a small dedicated group of professionals, …, it is now the responsibility of every employee, especially managers.” http://www.businessandleadership.com/fs/img/news/200811/378x/business-traveller.jpg http://www.businessandleadership.com/fs/img/news/200811/378x/businesshttp://www.koolringtones.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mobile-phones.jpg http://www.koolringtones.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2010/01/mobile- Information Technology • Information Technology – enables storage and transportation of information from one business unit to another in many organizations...
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...Istoria si evolutia securitatii in informatica Securitatea in informatica Importanta aspectelor de securitate în retelele de calculatoare a crescut odată cu extinderea prelucrărilor electronice de date si a transmiterii acestora prin intermediul retelelor. În cazul operării asupra unor informatii confidentiale, este important ca avantajele de partajare si comunicare aduse de retelele de calculatoare să fie sustinute de facilităti de securitate substantiale. Acest aspect este esential în conditiile în care retelele de calculatoare au ajuns să fie folosite inclusiv pentru realizarea de operatiuni bancare, cumpărături sau plata unor taxe. În urma implementării unor mecanisme de securitate într-o retea de calculatoare, informatiile nu vor putea fi accesate sau interceptate de persoane neautorizate (curioase sau, eventual, chiar rău intentionate) si se va împiedica falsificarea informatiilor transmise sau utilizarea clandestină a anumitor servicii destinate unor categorii specifice de utilizatori ai retelelor. Persoanele care atentează la securitatea retelelor pot apartine unor categorii diverse, comitând delicte mai mult sau mai putin grave: studenti care se amuză încercând să fure posta electronică a celorlalti, "hacker"-i care testează securitatea sistemelor sau urmăresc să obtină în mod clandestin anumite informatii, angajati care pretind că au atributii mai largi decât în realitate, accesând servicii care în mod normal le-ar fi interzise, sau fosti angajati care urmăresc...
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...Management of Information Security Third Edition This page intentionally left blank Management of Information Security Third Edition Michael Whitman, Ph.D., CISM, CISSP Herbert Mattord, M.B.A., CISM, CISSP Kennesaw State University ———————————————————————— Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Management of Information Security, Third Edition Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J. Mattord Vice President, Career and Professional Editorial: Dave Garza Executive Editor: Stephen Helba Managing Editor: Marah Bellegarde Product Manager: Natalie Pashoukos Developmental Editor: Lynne Raughley Editorial Assistant: Meghan Orvis Vice President, Career and Professional Marketing: Jennifer McAvey Marketing Director: Deborah S. Yarnell Senior Marketing Manager: Erin Coffin Marketing Coordinator: Shanna Gibbs Production Director: Carolyn Miller Production Manager: Andrew Crouth Senior Content Project Manager: Andrea Majot Senior Art Director: Jack Pendleton Cover illustration: Image copyright 2009. Used under license from Shutterstock.com Production Technology Analyst: Tom Stover © 2010 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information...
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