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Mahatma Gandhi

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (lahir di Porbandar, Gujarat, India Britania, 2 Oktober 1869) juga dipanggil Mahatma Gandhi (bahasa Sanskerta: "jiwa agung") adalah seorang pemimpin spiritual dan politikus dari India. Gandhi adalah salah seorang yang paling penting yang terlibat dalam Gerakan Kemerdekaan India. Dia adalah aktivis yang tidak menggunakan kekerasan, yang mengusung gerakan kemerdekaan melalui aksi demonstrasi damai.
Pada 1891, saat usia Gandhi 22, ia pergi ke London untuk melanjutkan sekolahnya ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Ia mengambil Jurusan Hukum di Universitas College, London. Setelah lulus dari sekolahnya, Gandhi mendirikan sebuah lembaga bantuan hukum di India. Gandhi kemudian bekerja sebagai penasihat hukum di sebuah perusahaan India yang berada di Afrika. Selama berada di Afrika, Gandhi mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak baik. Ia dibedakan berdasarkan ras. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Gandhi lantas memanfaatkan ilmu hukum yang dimilikinya untuk terjun di dunia politik. Isu utama yang saat itu ada di pikirannya adalah bagaimana cara menghapuskan hukum-hukum atau perlakuan yang membeda-bedakan manusia tersebut. Untuk mendukung upayanya tersebut, Gandhi mendirikan sebuah gerakan yang anti terhadap segala tindak kekerasan. Di Afrika, ketika Perang Boer berlangsung, Gandhi berpihak sebagai tim “penyelamat”. Ia mendirikan tenda khusus bagi perawatan kesehatan. Setelah Perang Boer usai dan usahanya menghapuskan perpajakan di Afrika berhasil, Gandhi memutuskan untuk kembali ke negara asalnya, India.
Setelah Perang Dunia I, Gandhi beserta anggotanya melancarkan gerakan perlawanan tanpa kekerasan pada pihak Inggris. Pada 1919, gerakan Gandhi mendapatkan dukungan dari hampir seluruh masyarakat India. Gandhi memperkenalkan istilah Satyagraha yang artinya 'kebenaran dan keteguhan pada seluruh masyarakat India'. Dalam bidang ekonomi, Gandhi memboikot barang-barang produksi milik Inggris dan membangun perekonomian di India meskipun hasilnya tidak terlalu besar. Akhirnya, pada 13 Januari 1948, Mahatma Gandhi pergi ke New Delhi untuk mengupayakan perdamaian dengan pihak tentara Inggris. Sayangnya, tepat 30 Januari 1948, dua minggu setelah perjanjian itu disepakati, Gandhi meninggal dunia di New Delhi karena dibunuh dari jarak yang dekat oleh seseorang bernama Nathuram Godse.
Gandhi adalah pemimpin yang paling inspirasional pada awal abad 20. Gerakan yang diusungnya yaitu aksi ketidakpatuhan warga serta tanpa kekerasan adalah cara yang efektif untuk mencapai perubahan sosial yang mempengaruhi pergerakan-pergerakan lain di dunia. Andaikan banyak pihak mau mengikuti gerakan ahimsa (ajaran yang menolak kekerasan), maka korban kemanusiaan tidak akan terjadi. Karena apabila kekerasan dibalas dengan kekerasan hanya akan melahirkan kebencian dan tidak melahirkan bibit-bibit permusuhan baru. Gandhi mengajarkan kita pada pentingnya memperjuangkan sesuatu berdasarkan kebenaran (satyagraha). Lebih lanjut, perjuangan itu juga harus berada di jalan yang benar dan bermoral.
Saya memilih Mahatma Gandhi karena selain karena perjuangannya, saya juga menyukai kata-kata bijaknya. Salah satunya adalah “Cinta tidak pernah meminta, ia sentiasa memberi, cinta membawa penderitaan, tetapi tidak pernah berdendam, tak pernah membalas dendam. Di mana ada cinta di situ ada kehidupan; manakala kebencian membawa kepada kemusnahan.”

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