Free Essay

Main Factors of Low Urbanisation of Bihar

In: Other Topics

Submitted By srmanjuprasanna
Words 328
Pages 2
[23/02 20:11] srmanjuprasanna: The main factors of low urbanization of bihar:
1.Weak Economic Base is mainly underpinning low urbanization in Bihar. Infrastructure deficit is a continuous constraint in urban sprawl. Population growth and mass influx into urban habitations have been developing stress over the existing infrastructure and services; consequently affecting the quality of life of the urban inhabitants.

2.A resident of Bihar for decades and environmentalist with the UNDP, Deepak Kumar, explains that there are two major factors that have contributed to the non-realization of the goal of urbanization. Firstly, it is unplanned township and secondly, mismanagement in the urban governance.

3.This apart, the state has been failing to attain an efficient and equitable financial allocation for urban infrastructure. A government employee in the Urban Development department on the condition of anonymity explains how any project faces difficulties pre and post execution.
[23/02 20:14] srmanjuprasanna: This apart three cities – Muzaffarpur, Biharsharif and Bhagalpur have listed under the ‘to be smart cities.’ Experts believe that Smart Cities and AMRUT would pace up the momentum of expanding urbanization in Bihar.

context :of urbanization efforts, the 2031 Master Plan for Patna has highlighted some important guiding principles which show the direction for future urban planning process. The focus on concepts like multiple nuclei based urban planning, rural urban continuum and transit oriented development are the futuristic and long term approach which will go a long way in defining the urbanization effort of the state. Other states also need to follow these principles in their own urbanization drive.

Conclusion :At the end of the day, urbanization is interplay of economic development, city planning and public service delivery. Bihar needs to work on all these areas in order for efficient and sustainable urbanization to take place. The economic growth of the state has been strong over last decade; now is the time to work on more direct and complex issues of urban planning.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Urbanisation in India

...URBANISATION IN INDIA: A DEMOGRAPHIC REAPPRAISAL R. B. Bhagat Department of Geography Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124001, India Introduction: The United Nations estimates indicate that at mid 1990s, about 43 per cent of the world population lived in urban areas. With the urban population growing two and a half times faster than its rural counterpart, the level of urbanisation is projected to cross the 50 per cent mark in 2005. United Nations projections further show that by 2025, more than three- fifth of the world population will live in urban areas (U. N. 1993). The growth rate of urban population of developing regions has been declining recently. It was estimated to be 3.9 per cent per annum during 1980-85, which declined to 3.79 per cent per annum during 1980-85, 3.62, and 3.43 during 199095 and 1995-2000 respectively. The decline in the rate of urbanisation is also continuing in developed regions of the world. As a result, some of the European countries have experienced negative urbanisation during 80s ( U. N. 1993 ). However, the continued absence, namely, adequate data on rural to urban migration in most developing countries as well as on natural increase in rural and urban areas separately precludes attribution of the slowing down of urban growth in most of the countries to any single demographic process. It reflects the effects the host of factors like the relatively week expansion of urban industries and price shifts unfavourable to manufactured goods, population...

Words: 6028 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Analysis of Cement Industry

...Analysis of Indian Cement Industry 1 • Industry Structure • Regional Scenario • Demand Dynamics • Cost Structure • Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) • Demand • Key Demand Drivers • Supply • Operating Rates • Prices • Profitability • Player Profiles 2 :3 : 13 : 55 : 75 : 86 : 99 : 102 : 132 : 143 : 154 : 161 : 168 Industry Structure 3 Porter five force analysis Industry structure •As of March 2011, the installed cement capacity of large plants in India stands at approximately 284 million tonnes. •This is accounted by around 172 large cement plants. In addition to large cement plants, around 365 mini cement plants account for approximately 11 million tonnes of cement capacity in India. •The industry can be broadly classified into pan-India, regional and marginal players. Pan-India players include large players like Holcim group companies- ACC and Ambuja and Aditya Birla group company- UltraTech Cement (including Samruddhi Cement) . •Companies of both these groups are adding capacities through either greenfield or brownfield expansions. Industry structure •Players whose presence is restricted to one or two regions, with a stronghold in the markets of their respective operations are included in the category of regional players. Key examples of players included in this segment are Jaiprakash Associates (North and Central), Lafarge (concentrated in the East), India Cement (South), Shree Cement •(North), Binani Cement (North), Kesoram Industries (South), OCL (East)...

Words: 9278 - Pages: 38

Premium Essay

Government Plans

...led by US. Japan was quick to recover too and through its technological innovations & business practices soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information technology (IT) revolution, trade liberalization and other economic reforms, the entry of an estimated 2 billion people into the labor force as a result of the breakdown of the Soviet bloc and the opening of China, and the freer movement of capital and technology from developed countries to developing countries, the size of the global economy doubled over the...

Words: 8495 - Pages: 34

Premium Essay

Scrap

... The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of 80% of the people is Hinduism. Islam is practised...

Words: 4683 - Pages: 19

Premium Essay

Economy of India

...3%, services: 55.6% (2011 est.) | Inflation (CPI) | 6.89% (March 2012)[3] | Population below poverty line | 37% (2010) (Note: 42% live less than $1.25 a day)[4] | Gini coefficient | 36.8 (List of countries) | Labour force | 487.6 million (2011 est.) | Labour force by occupation | agriculture: 52%, industry: 14%, services: 34% (2009 est.) | Unemployment | 9.8% (2011 est.)[5] | Average gross salary | $1,330 yearly (2010) | Main industries | telecommunications, textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals | Ease of Doing Business Rank | 132nd[6] (2011) | External | Exports | $303.7 billion (2011 est.) | Export goods | petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel | Main export partners | US 12.6%, UAE 12.2%, China 8.1%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2010) | Imports | $488.6 billion (2011 est.) | Import goods | crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron and steel, chemicals | Main import partners | China 12.4%, UAE 6.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.8%, US 5.7%, Australia 4.5% (2010) | FDI stock | $19.42 billion (2010-11)[7] | Gross external debt | $267.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | Public finances |...

Words: 9405 - Pages: 38

Premium Essay

Economics

...CONTENTS Preface. 23 SECTION - I Basic Issues in Economic Development 1. Economic Development and Under Development. 27 — Introduction — What does Development Mean — Economic Growth and Economic Development — The New View of Economic Development • Development as a Multi-dimensional Process • Three Core Values of Development — Development, Freedom and Opportunities — Human Development • Sustainable Human Development • What Makes Development Unsustainable? • Policy for Sustainable Development — Human Development Index — Progress and Setbacks in Human Development • Advances in Human Development—A Global Snapshot • The Limits to Human Development `• The End of Convergence? • India—A Globalization Success Story with a Mixed Record on Human Development — National Human Development Report - 2001 • Indicators — State of Human Development in India • State Level 2. The Environment and Development. 46 — Introduction — The Basic Issues • Sustainable Development and Environmental Accounting • Population, Resources, and the Environment • Poverty and Environment • Growth versus the Environment • Rural Development and the Environment • Urban Development and the Environment • The Global Environment — Consequences of Environmental Damage — The Indian Case • Consequences...

Words: 57754 - Pages: 232

Free Essay

As, Ca, Pdf

...US‐CHINA ENVIRONMENT DEAL  8  OIL PRICE  9  PAYMENT BANKS  11  SHADOW BANKING  13  NBFCs  14  NEW DEFINITION OF FDI  16  REFORMS IN POWER DISTRIBUTION  16  SECURITIES LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL 2014  18  JUVENILE JUSTICE BILL, 2014  18  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON  19  INEQUALITY  20  SOCIO‐ECONOMIC PROFILE OF STATES AND INTER‐STATE COMPARISONS  21  ASER 2013: Main Findings  23  SKILL DEVELOPMENT  24  HOW INDIA NEEDS TO FACE CLIMATE CHANGE  24  AGENDA FOR ECONOMIC REFORMS  28  INFRASTRUCTURE  30  WHY LONG‐RUN MATTERS  30  FIVE PRONGED STRATEGY TO CONTROL INFLATION  31  URJIT PATEL COMMITTEE  32  Some Major Issues in India's Merchandise Trade Sector  32  MAKE IN INDIA OPPORTUNITY  34  Make for India or Make in India – The debate begins!  37  VULNERABILITY COMPARISON OF INDIAN ECONOMY  38  PM JAN DHAN YOJANA  39  COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM  40  ZERO DEFECT, ZERO EFFECT  41  DIGITAL INDIA  42  TWO FACTOR IDENTIFICATION ISSUE  43  MINSK AGREEMENT  44  WILFUL DEFAULT  44  © EssaysforIIM.com 2014‐15   Page 1 Issues for IIM PI Process http://www.essaysforIIM.com   ‘MAKE IN INDIA’  45  Features of the ‘Make In India’ campaign .............................................................................................. 46  PM MODI’S ADDRESS TO UN GA  46  ...

Words: 128478 - Pages: 514

Premium Essay

An Approach to the Twelfth Five Year Plan

...Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth An Approach to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) Government of India Planning Commission Contents 1 An Overview 1-14 2 Macro-Economic Framework 15-27 3 Energy 28-38 4 Transport 39-44 5 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 45-58 6 Rural Transformation 59-66 7 Farm Sector 67-79 8 Manufacturing Sector 80-86 9 Health 87-95 10 Education & Skill Development 11 Social and Regional Equity 104-107 12 Challenge of Urbanisation 108-114 13 Science and Technology 115-118 14 Services: Tourism, Hospitality & Construction 119-125 15 Governance 126-134 16 Innovation 135-139 96-103 Tables Table 1.1: Structure of Global GDP 13 Table 2.1: Sectoral Growth Rates - Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 18 Table 2.2: Broad Macro-Economic Parameters - Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 19 Table 2.3: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) (Figures in Rs Crore at Current Prices) 23 Table 2.4: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (as per cent of GDP) 24 Table 3.1: Projected Energy Demand 29 Table 14.1: Construction Sector: Contribution to GDP 122 Table 14.2: Construction Components Involved in Creation of Physical Infrastructure 122 Table 14.3: Requirement...

Words: 75065 - Pages: 301

Free Essay

Android Os

...------------------------------------------------- Culture of India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the | Culture of India | | History | People | Languages[show] | Mythology and folklore[show] | Cuisine | Religion | Art[show] | Literature[show] | Music and performing arts[show] | Media[show] | Sport | Monuments[show] | Symbols[show] | *  India portal | * v * t * e | The culture of India is the way of living of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world. Contents   [hide]  * 1 Religions * 2 Perceptions of Indian culture * 2.1 Arranged marriage * 2.2 Wedding rituals * 3 Greetings * 4 Festivals * 5 Animals * 6 Cuisine * 7 Clothing * 8 Languages and literature * 8.1 History * 8.2 Epics * 9 Performing arts * 9.1 Dance * 9.2 Drama and theatre * 9.3 Music * 10 Visual arts * 10.1 Painting * 10.2 Sculpture * 10.3 Architecture * 11 Sports and martial arts * 11.1 Sports ...

Words: 10182 - Pages: 41

Free Essay

Economic Sectors

...Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Copyright © Planning Commission (Government of India) 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2013 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, Phototypeset in 11/13pt Minion Pro by RECTO Graphics, Delhi and printed at Saurabh Printers, New Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN: 978-81-321-1131-3 (PB) The SAGE Team: Rudra Narayan, Archita Mandal, Rajib Chatterjee and Dally Verghese Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Planning Commission Government of India Thank you for choosing a SAGE product! If you have any comment, observation or feedback, I would like to personally hear from you. Please write to me at contactceo@sagepub.in —Vivek Mehra, Managing Director and CEO, SAGE Publications India Pvt...

Words: 131771 - Pages: 528

Premium Essay

Onesdfdssd

...SCOPE OF COMPETITION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA ___________________________ INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY: PRIYANKA VARMA BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: MR. VIJAY KUMAR SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LAW) ____________________________ COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI JANUARY 2012 i DISCLAIMER This project report has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for a period of one month from January 2, 2012 to January 30, 2012. This report is for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. Priyanka Varma M.A. (Final) Economics Banaras Hindu University ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere thanks and regards to Mr. Vijay Kumar Singh, Deputy Director (Law), Competition Commission of India, Government of India, for giving me the opportunity to work on this sector and for guiding me every step of the way. I would also like to acknowledge the Library and Support Staff of CCI for their unconditional help and cooperation during the entire duration of my internship...

Words: 20915 - Pages: 84

Premium Essay

Public Administration and Globalisation

...PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: ENHANCING PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION IN PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations Division for Public Administration and Development Management Department of Economic and Social Affairs Public Administration and Globalization: Enhancing Public-Private Collaboration in Public Service Delivery New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations New York The opinions expressed herein are the responsibilities of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations nor the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration All rights reserved. Table of Contents Foreword Pro-Poor Policy Processes and Institutions: A Political Economic Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. ADIL KHAN The Dilemma of Governance in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOSE GPE. VARGAS HERNANDEZ Institutional Mechanisms for Monitoring International Commitments to Social Development: The Philippine Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MA. CONCEPCION P. ALFILER Globalization and Social Development: Capacity Building for Public-Private Collaboration for Public Service Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMARA PONGSAPICH Trade Liberalization and the Poor: A Framework for Poverty...

Words: 100254 - Pages: 402

Premium Essay

Restaurant Business

...Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities HVS International (India), Mr. Navjit Ahluwalia, Associate Director and Mr. Dushyant Singh, Consulting & Valuation Analyst Research, Report Writing Mr. Shyam Suri, Secretary General, FHRAI Editing, Report Fianlisation Mr. Pooran Chandra Pandey, Assistant Secretary General (Research), FHRAI Hotel Questionnaire & Co-ordination Mr. Raj Rajeshwar Sharma, Computer Data Assistant Design, Graphics, Pre-press & DTP Printed by : Published in April 2004 by: Secretary General, Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India B-82, 8th Floor, Himalaya House, 23 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001 Phones : (011) 23318781, 23318782, 23322634, 23322647, 23323770 Fax : (011) 23322645 E-Mail : fhrai@vsnl.com Website : www.fhrai.com © Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI), 2004 Price: One copy free to concerned FHRAI members. (Additional copies at Rs. 400.00 for FHRAI members and Rs.600.00 for Non-Members.) US$50.00 for foreign dispatches 2 Contents Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Background Scenario and Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Analysis of Questionnaire Responses 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 28190 - Pages: 113

Premium Essay

Arvind

...Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities HVS International (India), Mr. Navjit Ahluwalia, Associate Director and Mr. Dushyant Singh, Consulting & Valuation Analyst Research, Report Writing Mr. Shyam Suri, Secretary General, FHRAI Editing, Report Fianlisation Mr. Pooran Chandra Pandey, Assistant Secretary General (Research), FHRAI Hotel Questionnaire & Co-ordination Mr. Raj Rajeshwar Sharma, Computer Data Assistant Design, Graphics, Pre-press & DTP Printed by : Published in April 2004 by: Secretary General, Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India B-82, 8th Floor, Himalaya House, 23 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001 Phones : (011) 23318781, 23318782, 23322634, 23322647, 23323770 Fax : (011) 23322645 E-Mail : fhrai@vsnl.com Website : www.fhrai.com © Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI), 2004 Price: One copy free to concerned FHRAI members. (Additional copies at Rs. 400.00 for FHRAI members and Rs.600.00 for Non-Members.) US$50.00 for foreign dispatches 2 Contents Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Background Scenario and Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Analysis of Questionnaire Responses 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 28190 - Pages: 113

Premium Essay

Other Topics

...Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities HVS International (India), Mr. Navjit Ahluwalia, Associate Director and Mr. Dushyant Singh, Consulting & Valuation Analyst Research, Report Writing Mr. Shyam Suri, Secretary General, FHRAI Editing, Report Fianlisation Mr. Pooran Chandra Pandey, Assistant Secretary General (Research), FHRAI Hotel Questionnaire & Co-ordination Mr. Raj Rajeshwar Sharma, Computer Data Assistant Design, Graphics, Pre-press & DTP Printed by : Published in April 2004 by: Secretary General, Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India B-82, 8th Floor, Himalaya House, 23 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001 Phones : (011) 23318781, 23318782, 23322634, 23322647, 23323770 Fax : (011) 23322645 E-Mail : fhrai@vsnl.com Website : www.fhrai.com © Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI), 2004 Price: One copy free to concerned FHRAI members. (Additional copies at Rs. 400.00 for FHRAI members and Rs.600.00 for Non-Members.) US$50.00 for foreign dispatches 2 Contents Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Background Scenario and Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Analysis of Questionnaire Responses 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 28190 - Pages: 113