...Clinical Journal Grading Form/Template Brigitte Baucom Submit Date: April 5, 2012 Clinical Journal # 1 Facility: Rusk SH I. Psychiatric Diagnosis & Definition, DSM-IV-TR Axis 1-5 & Medications – 15 pts. Bipolar II disorder: Hypomanic episode(s) alternating with major depression. Psychosis is not present in bipolar II. The hypomania of bipolar II tends to be euphoric and the depression tends to put people at particular risk for suicide Axis I – Bipolar II Disorder (definition above) Axis II – Personality Disorder, Somatoform disorder - Many physical complaints affecting many organs, some dependent personality disorder traits Axis III – General Medical Conditions – ICD-9 1. Lumbago: Pain in the muscles and joints of the lower back 2. Obesity: BMI above 30 3. Other Chronic Pain: pt. complains of back pain and other somatic pain 4. Throught 9 there was no indication in the file which leads me to believe that 4-9 are related to number 3 above Axis IV – Psychosocial and environmental problems, pt. is unable to function in environment, i.e. occupational problems, educational problems, economic problems and interpersonal difficulties with family members and a variety of problems in other life areas. Axis V – GAF Scale Score of 30: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations OR serious impairment in communication or judgment OR inability to function in almost all areas. * Special precautions: Visual...
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...nationally representative sample of families with a child diagnosed with an ASD. The goal of this study was to observe the rate at which children with ASD are living with both of their biological or adoptive parents, as compared to normally developing children in the general US. The sample in this study consists of 77,911 of which 1,412 children were identified as having been diagnosed with an ASD sometime in their lifetime and 913 were identified as having a current ASD diagnosis. These children were between the ages of 3-17 (Freedman, Kalb, Zablotsky, & Stuart, 2012). They asked specific questions to figure out their family structure, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders, and Self-reported physical and mental health status of mother. The results of this study indicated that the indicated that a child with a current ASD diagnosis was slightly more likely than those without ASD to live in a two biological or adoptive parent household. This result is likely due to particularly low probabilities of living in two biological or adoptive parent households for children with those other disorders regardless of whether or not they have an ASD or not (Freedman, Kalb, Zablotsky, & Stuart, 2012). The data also suggest that having one of these disorders is more strongly related to the probability of not living in a two biological or adoptive parent household than is ASD. One possible explanation for this result could be that families with a child with ASD are...
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...Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental health problems, affecting approximately one in 10 people, both children and adults (CMHA, 2010). Various factors have been implicated in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders including biological (e.g., genetics, psychophysiology, temperament), personality (e.g., anxiety sensitivity or fear of arousal-related sensations), interpersonal (e.g., attachment), cognitive (e.g., information processing), preparedness, and behavioural (learning). Research indicates that environmental factors, such as learning, contribute more to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety than do genes (Eley, 2001). The principles of operant conditioning have taught us to recognize how certain coping techniques can reward, and therefore continue anxiety disorders. Two similar coping strategies for dealing with anxiety symptoms are called avoidance and escape. For more information about coping strategies, please review this section. As the name implies, avoidance refers to behaviors that attempt to prevent exposure to a fear-provoking stimulus. Escape means to quickly exit a fear-provoking situation. These coping strategies are considered maladaptive because they ultimately serve to maintain the disorder and decrease functioning. Operant conditioning enables us to understand the powerful impact of these two coping strategies. Both coping strategies are highly reinforcing because they remove or diminish the unpleasant symptoms...
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...zero-based grading systems, grade retention policies, and qualifying exams that screen the abilities of students. Because of these grueling challenges, individuals may suffer from mental strain and tension. Being involved in the Accountancy program not only brings sleepless nights and tons of readings but it also brings stress–the main cause of anxiety. Stress is something that causes strong feeling...
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...provided results of a continued study. Behavior developments arising from stressful child attachment situations of 243 French mothers and daughters were gathered. The quality of caregiving, attachment development, relationship between mother and child along with influences of maternal distress predict future psychosocial behaviors of middle school children. Insecure, distressed children have behavior problems such as trying to control their parents. How children externalize or internalize stress reflects future behavior issues, attachment relationships, and parental interaction. Strengths or Weaknesses: The validity of individual mother and child reports were valuable tools for problem assessments within the family regarding maladaptive attachment security. Various testing variables were also used to strengthen the results. Evaluation: Prior attachment theories indicated stressful relationships with insecure attachments often lead to children with improper behavior responses. Depression, anger, suicidal thoughts, along with aggressive attitudes is often the emotions displayed in insecure children. Programs that target growing a deepened, secure attachment relationship between parent and child should be designed. Kalmakis, Karen...
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...Adolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescent cognitive development. A traumatic experience can alter an adolescent’s neural system and adversely affect the latter stages of brain development. Working with survivors of traumatic events requires an understanding of maladaptive behaviors, reactions and coping skills. Behavioral patterns emerge and become part of an adolescent’s personality. This paper will highlight the impact of traumatic experiences on adolescent cognitive development and their ability to foster an intrinsic knowledge of self. Maltreatment of adolescents has reached epidemic proportions within the United States. According to Bright (2008), “One in four children/adolescents experience at least one traumatic event before age 16” (p. 11). A study commissioned by Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner (2005) concluded the exposure to “physical abuse, sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, community violence, and natural disasters is a common occurrence among children in the U.S.” (p. 314). Reports of abused...
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...It usually helps direct appropriate behavior, but can also engender persistent maladaptive behavior that may be challenging to modify. Some common patterns, for instance, are impulsiveness, procrastination, and indulgence (Perkins in Sternberg, 2002). These behaviors fall into the categories of mistuning and undermanagement. A study on the correlation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and suicide found higher rates of ADHD diagnoses than depression for adolescents entering emergency rooms for attempted suicide. This is thought to be due to impulsivity and other personality related issues (Manor et al., 2010). Another study comparing procrastination and suicidal ideation amongst college students showed a significant correlation between the two. Additionally, the study found that teaching males at a young age to hide...
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...Q(a): Explain in your own words what is meant by a 'model of abnormality'?[2] A: Models of abnormality each offers a different explanation for the origins of mental disorders. They are basically the conceptual models, each research and treatment adopted according to it. (b): Describe models of abnormality. [8] A: There are four type of models: Medical model (or Biological method), Psychodynamic model, Behavioral model and the Cognitive model. Medical model (or Biological model) is a view of abnormality that sees mental disorders as being caused by abnormal physiological processes such as genetics, brain damage and chemical imbalance. Abnormality according to this model is seen as an illness or disease. They treat mental disorders with the help of chemotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy and psycho surgery. According to Psychodynamic model, abnormal behavior is caused by underlying psychological forces of which the individuals is probably unaware. It focuses on unconscious mind primarily and according to Sigmund Freud, if a child does not successfully complete any of the psychosexual stages, it will cause abnormality. It is treated by talk therapies and test like the rorshack and free-word association. The Behavioral model has a view that abnormal behavior are maladaptive, learned responses in the environment which can be replaced by more adapted behaviors. These disorders emerge due to classical conditioning, operant conditioning or social learning. It can be...
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... Diagnosis and Treatment 2 There are many different personality disorders. Types include: paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid, borderline, narcissistic, antisocial, dependent, obsessive compulsive (different than obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD) histrionic and avoidant. The person with the personality disorder will tend to blame everyone and everything else for their problems. Not having insight that their behavior affects their life is a hallmark of a personality disorder. A thorough evaluation by a trained professional is the best way to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Personality disorder is a general term for a type of mental illness in which your ways of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others are dysfunctional. When doctors believe someone has a personality disorder, they typically run a series of medical and psychological tests and exams. These exams and tests generally include: physical exams, laboratory tests, and psychological evaluations. Physical exams may include measuring height and weight, checking vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure and temperature, listening to the person’s heart and lungs, and examining the person’s abdomen. Laboratory tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), screening for alcohol and drugs, and a check of a person’s thyroid function. Gunderson (2006) states,” a psychological evaluation is when...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Joanna Tepedino Abnormal Pyschology Borderline personality disorder is the most prevalent personality disorder found in mental health facilities. BPD lies within the group B personality disorders, Axis II of the DSM IV, a manual used by psychiatrists to diagnose and define mental health diseases, and is characterized by dramatic, emotional and erratic personality features that are mood inflicted and have symptoms of impulsively and emotional degradation (Australian Psychological Society 22). A person displaying symptoms of BPD must present with at least five of the nine criteria for diagnosis for a period of time before reaching adulthood: frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, unstable/intense interpersonal relationships, unstable issues with self-image/sense of self, impulsivity in at least two areas that cause harm to oneself, recurrent suicidal tendencies/attempts or self-mutilation, affective instability due to mood, chronic feelings of emptiness or worthlessness, inappropriate anger and last transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociation (Counseling Psychology Review). Individuals suffer from different personality traits, which can become maladaptive, volatile, unchanging and extreme which hinder a person in their ability to function in every day life. This rigidity prevents people from adjusting to external demands thus the patterns become self-defeating and this is known as a personality disorder...
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...Psychological Impact of Divorce on Children Shantay Gonzalez Liberty University Abstract While divorce can most notably affect the adults in the relationship in a negative way, children also have a number of challenges that can be overlooked. Due to their inability to process certain aspects of life, children become susceptible to psychological trauma as a result of the divorce that unfortunately go unnoticed. Many children display antisocial behavior, an increase in externalizing behaviors, poor emotion regulation, and other maladaptive coping styles. While prevention is typically best to avoid potential psychological influences on adults and children alike, many programs have been established to work with children specifically who have been impacted by divorce. Post-divorce interventions focus primarily and solely on the children are necessary to the psychological health of children impacted by divorce. Still, there is a need for improvement in interventions such as preventative programs during the divorce proceedings that will allow the child to express their emotions and social perspectives. Keywords: divorce, children, psychological impact, behavior Psychological Impact of Divorce on Children The cases of divorce have been gaining ground since 1965 (Hetherington, 1979). Even by prior statistical reports, there seems to be no break in the amount of divorce cases filed each year. Couples get divorced for a number of reasons such as financial strain, incompatibility...
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...Chapter 1. Literature Review: Borderline Personality Disorder in university students 1.1 Chapter Overview The literature review first presents the evolution of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) over the past 60 years, highlighting the shift from psychodynamic perspectives to that of biological and environmental determinates. Diagnostic classification of BPD is then examined, and subsequently discussed in terms of sectors of psychopathology that serve to demarcate the disorder. Next, dominant contemporary aetiologies of BPD are discussed, leading to an examination of comorbidities and the prevalence of BPD across populations. The focus of the review shifts to an examination of BPD in university students, commencing with treatments that are both efficacious and suited for delivery in a university context. Then, management of BPD related behaviours on campus are discussed in terms of the role of university staff in providing assistance to students with BPD. The chapter concludes with a summation of considerations in assisting university students with severe symptoms of BPD while on campus. 1.2 Borderline Personality Disorder 1.2.1 The development of the Borderline construct Reliable and valid differentiation of the borderline construct has proved elusive. The phenomena was initially reported in psychodynamic literature in the 1930’s, however was not distinguished as a syndrome until 1953 (Knight, 1953). Indeed, the use of the term ‘borderline’ arguably represents a misnomer...
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...Site Report: Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions BSHS 311, Models of Effective Helping October 11, 2011 Site Report: Cognitive -Behavioral Interventions October is domestic violence awareness month; there is no need for a distinct month to be conscious of the frequency of domestic violence. Domestic violence is rampant across the nation. In this paper the subject to identify is the use of cognitive-behavioral practices within the setting of a woman’s shelter; known as “Turning Point.” The shelter mission is to provide programs and resources that enable victims/survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault to regain control of their lives (Turning Point, Inc., n.d.). Population Domestic and sexual violence is a global issue that does not discriminate culturally, socio-economically, race, gender, or age. Turning Point offers programs, shelter, and means for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. A domestic and sexual violence situation occurs when the abuser and the victim have an association, contrasting a stranger attack. Nearly 25% of surveyed women and 7.6% of surveyed men said that they were raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabitating partner, or date at some time in their lifetime. According to these estimates 1.5 million women are raped or physically assaulted by an intimate partner (US Department of Justice...
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...PSY 200/203 Study Guide for Final Exam Chapter 1 - Scientific method A. Psychology has four basic goals regarding behavior and mental processes 1. Describe 2. Explain 3. Predict 4. Control B. Scientific method - set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in investigations 1. Events are lawful (follow consistent patterns) 2. Events are explainable 3. Events are approached with scientific skepticism (critical thinking) a. Minimize the influence of preconceptions/biases while evaluating the evidence b. Determine the conclusions that can be reasonably drawn from the evidence c. Consider alternative explanations for research findings Steps in the scientific method A. Formulate a testable hypothesis 1. hypothesis 2. variables 3. operational definition B. Design the study and collect data 1. descriptive methods 2. experimental methods C. Analyze the data and draw conclusions D. Report the findings Descriptive research methods – strategies for observing and describing behavior A. Naturalistic observation – systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural settings 1. Allows study of behaviors that cannot be easily or ethically manipulated in an experiment B. Case study – indepth investigation of an individual or small group of individuals 1. Allows study of rare, unusual or extreme conditions C. Surveys 1. Sample ...
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...Addiction as a Chronic Illness Donnell Parker PS370-01 Health Psychology January 17, 2012 Chronic illness refers to conditions that have the following conditions: The condition involves some disability; it is caused by mostly nonreversible pathological change; and it requires training and motivation on the part of the patient to care for himself or herself. The onset of chronic illness can be sudden or gradual, but one characteristic common to all chronic illnesses is that the patient cannot fully return to the pre-illness state of health (Friedman 2002). Some examples of chronic illnesses are AIDS, various forms of cancer, epilepsy and asthma. Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable but the continued use of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, even health. Users may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others (Iliff 2012). Addictions are another form of chronic illnesses. Addictions are characterized by relapses in thinking or a return to substance abuse. Relapse is now seen as the rule rather than the exception in addiction recovery. And it is no longer viewed as a catastrophe but as an opportunity for learning more and better strategies for overcoming urges and for identifying the moods and...
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