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Mammalian Gas Exchange Systems

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The Mammalian Circulatory and Gas Exchange Systems
Radwa Abdallah
Professor Yan Xu
Fundamentals of Biology II Lab
February 20, 2014

Objectives The objectives of the Circulatory System laboratory experiment included observing and learning to identify the structural characteristics, mostly arteries and veins, in the chest cavity of the fetal pig, which would further the understanding of the heart and lungs in most other mammals; another objective was to understand blood pressure and heart rate and the factors that affect it. The objectives of the Gas Exchange laboratory experiment was to observe the respiratory system in the fetal pigs, thus gaining an understanding of the respiratory system in most other mammals; another objective from the portion of the experiment that included measuring the respiratory volumes of humans and understanding the capacity of the human lung.
Introduction
There are two kinds of circulatory systems, an opened circulatory system and a closed circulatory system. The circulatory system is made up of an internal body fluid that is either hemolymph or blood, a pump system, and a vascular system that is made up of tubular vessels that move fluid from one location to another quickly(Dolphin 377). Hemolymph is the fluid found in the open circulatory system and blood is the fluid found in closed systems. In open circulatory systems the fluid leaves the heart through the arteries and returns through open sinuses rather than veins (379). Closed circulatory systems are found in vertebrates, their blood flow is within the blood vessels. The two types of closed systems are lymphatic and arterial. The arterial system is connected to the veins by capillaries and the blood is entering these capillaries at very high pressures. Some of the fluid is filtered through the wall of the capillary, going into the tissues spaces. “On the

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