...For my assignment I have chosen to write about breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that forms in the tissue of the breast. It is mostly common in women, although men can get it. The risk factors that can contribute to a person getting breast cancer are, gender, age, genes, heritage, and breast density. Breast cancer is most commonly found in women due to the constant exposure to estrogen and progesterone. The next risk factor is age. The older you are, the higher the risk of developing breast cancer becomes. Your genes can also be a risk factor for developing breast cancer. It can come from your genes that were passed down from your mother or father, or other times, it can just be a strong family history. The next risk factor is your heritage. Often times, race plays a big part in the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in African American women. The last risk factor is breast density. It has be recently proven to show that dense breast tissue is also a risk factor for developing breast cancer. There are ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Limiting your alcohol consumption, not smoking, control your weight, be active, breast feed, and limit your exposure to hormone therapy. The more alcohol you drink, the greater your risk of developing breast cancer. Limit yourself to 1 or 2 drinks a day. There is evidence that shows smoking is linked to breast cancer, quitting now can greatly reduce the chance of getting...
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...1. Davis et al – Descriptive correlational design Dependent variable-received a mammography within last 12 months Independent variable-knowledge and attitudes as measured by face to face interviews with closed end questions, reasons for non adherence (Doctor didn’t recommend it), belief statements about breast cancer, depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale No Intervention/ questionnaire only 2. Farmer et al: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable-increasing mammography adherence to screening within last 12 months Independent variable-Questionnaires, questions designed to elucidate perceptions of beliefs and barriers to screening, susceptibility and seriousness of breast cancer, knowledge of screening guidelines. Social support, cancer fatalism, dispositional optimism, perceptions of general health, screening guidelines. No Intervention/ questionnaire only 3. Levy-Storms: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable- three levels of nonadherence; Never had a mammogram (never), more than 2 years ago (lapsed), in the last 1-2 years (due) Independent variable- based on self report; demographics, knowledge (of risk factors and screening guidelines), beliefs (perceived norms, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived efficacy of early detection and mammography), psychological (concern about pain and about finding breast cancer) and access barriers (not in a health maintenance organization (HMO)...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...By definition, A public Health Disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease,injury,violence,or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantage population.Health disparities are inequitable, and directly related to the historical, and current unequal distribution of social,political,economic,and environmental resources. Health disparities result from multiple factors,including,Poverty.Environmental threads.Inadequate access to health care.Individual and Behavioral factors.Education inequalities Black Women have Higher Death rate from breast cancer than other women..Nearly 40,000 women die every year from breast cancer.Black women are %40 more likely to die from Brest cancer than white women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths,among women in the US.The reason for this fact is because of the fewer economical and social resources,genetic,and lack of information,in compare to the aggressiveness of the cancer.The federal Government and the health facilities should play a big rule by implementing the affordable care act, and to educate the women about the preventive benefit and coverage provided by the law, including coverage of mammograms with out co-pay,beginning in 2014.Increase the programs that raise up the knowledge and the awareness among these women such as ,The early detection programs,and the follow up care. The local health agencies,the medical field personnel,Doctors and Nurses,have the...
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...The University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics (UWHC) are teaching hospitals and lead the state of Wisconsin in technology, national certification, and accreditation. While the UWHC is focused on earning national accreditations and is currently the only hospital in Wisconsin with National Cancer Institute (NCI) status, it does not compete globally. SITUATION ANALYSIS The UWHC has the opportunity to demonstrate the expertise of their radiologic breast specialists on a global level by using their digital mammography equipment in countries where mortality rates are not decreasing by the standard 15% with the introduction of screening mammography (Jorgensen, et al, 2010). Denmark is a textbook example, with high breast cancer mortality rates which haven’t been significantly reduced with the introduction of screening mammography. There are several key reasons the mortality rate in Denmark is not declining at the same rate as the United States and most other developed countries: • The screening guidelines are much more lax. • They have a poor quality of film. • Their radiologists are not exceptionally adept at recognizing tumors and calcifications (cancerous when grouped or amorphous). • Staff is not trained to the same criterion. • Equipment used is not standardized across the board. • Eligible women have low mammogram screening participation rates. Issues: • Permission from the government-run healthcare system in Denmark, funding • Skepticism, group-think...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...widely known, largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States Since its inception in 1982, Komen has spent nearly $1.5 billion for breast cancer education, research, advocacy, health services and social support programs in the U.S., and through partnerships in more than 50 countries. Today, Komen has more than 100,000. Komen supports for breast self-awareness as a primary method for fighting breast cancer. Komen supports universal screening mammography and breast self-examination, as well as ever-increasing levels of government spending on diagnosing and treating breast cancer. They promote early detection as the primary tool for preventing breast cancer deaths. Many scientific reviews have concluded that random screening mammography for all middle-aged and older women, regardless of each woman's individual risk of developing breast cancer, results in overtreatment of some women whose cancer would never harm them. For every one woman whose life is saved by screening mammography, 250 to 500 women will be told that they might have breast cancer when they don't. 125 to 250 will have biopsies performed, and between two and ten women will receive unnecessary treatment. Many corporate and charitable organizations run advertisements related to breast cancer, especially during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, in the hope of increasing sales by aligning themselves with a positive, helpful message. In addition to selling pink products, corporate...
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...Health History and Screening of an Adolescent or Young Adult Client Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include the relevant data for your client.    Nursing Diagnoses: Based on this health history and health screening, identify three nursing diagnoses that would be applicable for this client as well as your rationale for your selection of each nursing diagnosis. Include: One “actual” nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One wellness nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One “risk for” nursing diagnosis based on the health screening with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. © 2011. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Student Name: Beth Chiappara Date: October 16, 2014 Biographical Data Patient/Client Initials: AR Phone No: 951 244-6197 Address: 23055 Canyon Lake CA 92587 Birth Date: 02/14/89 Age: 25 Sex: Female Birthplace: Anaheim CA Marital Status: Married Race/Ethnic Origin: Caucasian Occupation: Financial Analyst Employer: University of California Riverside Financial Status: (Income adequate for lifestyle and/or health concerns. Is there a source of health insurance...
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...submit a Proposal for Individual Project by the end of Session 4. The Proposal should address the following seven questions. Rename the template including your name (e.g. Proposal for Individual Project_yourName.doc or .docx) and submit your proposal in the assignment folder “RsrchPaperProp”. I. What is the thesis of your paper? A strong Research Paper has a good thesis. Your thesis statement is a point of view in response to a research question. Read more about how to write a thesis statement here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/1/ |Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeded only by lung cancer. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis | |(DBT) or 3D Mammography in conjunction with conventional computed tomography (CT Scan) mammography is proving to be more successful| |in detection and possible prevention of Breast Cancer than conventional methods alone. | II. Who is the audience of your paper? It is important to have a well-defined audience in mind when you write your paper. Hopefully you will be able to define an authentic audience that may be relevant in some way to your current job and/or career goals. |ITEC610 class members, IT management, UCSP615 professor & class members | | | | ...
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...Graphics Vol. 2, No. 1, May, 2011 Identification of Abnormal Masses in Digital Mammography Images Indra Kanta Maitra Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: ikm.1975@ieee.org Sanjay Nag Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: sanjaynag75@gmail.com Prof. Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Professor and Senior Member IEEE, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail:skb1@vsnl.com Abstract Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. The most common abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. The challenge lies in early and accurate detection to overcome the development of breast cancer that affects more and more women throughout the world. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. Digital mammogram is one of the best technologies currently being used for diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the digital mammogram image. In this paper, a method has been developed to make a supporting tool. This will make it easy and less time consuming for identification of abnormal masses in digital mammography images. The identification technique is divided into two distinct parts i.e. Formation...
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...In today’s society, one problem that threatens women is getting their mammograms done, women are the most common to be diagnosed with breast cancer. This raises many questions; one question would be why women aren’t getting their mammograms done? Another question is, who is really getting their mammograms done today? The third question would be, what are the risks of mammograms? The answers to these questions might be the reasons why mammograms are affecting women and why breast cancer is still an issue in today’s society. The first source that is presented is “Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening” by the Susan G. Komen, is a Non-Profit Organization that helps women with breast cancer find a cure. In the article it talks about different reasons why women aren’t getting their mammograms. The article talks about health insurance, some of the barriers that women have, and the group of women who is more active in getting their mammograms done. The article mentions how health insurance plays an important role in who gets their mammograms. The article states that “women who don’t have health insurance are much less likely to get mammograms” than women who do have health insurance (Susan G. Komen pg1). It also talks about how minority women are the ones who are less likely to get a mammogram than white women. In the article “Disparities in breast cancer screening” answers the questions of who is really getting their mammograms done today? This article uses logos to show the type...
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...Thesis: Self-examinations, clinical breast exams and mammograms are three of the best ways to detect breast cancer early and thus save lives. Introduction: The reality of breast cancer hit home with me in June 2008, when a co-worker of mine was diagnosed with stage one breast caner. Through a routine self- examination she felt an abnormal spot on her breast. The next day she had a clinical breast exam and mammogram to help determine what she had found. Being knowledgeable about early detection of breast cancer can save your life, as it did hers. There are several different types of screening techniques. The chances of dying from breast cancer have decreased over the recent years which are probably the result of finding the cancer early (American Cancer Society, 2010a). In 2010, there were still over 39,000 deaths caused by breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2010b). Self-examinations, clinical breast exams and mammograms are three of the best ways to detect breast cancer early and thus save lives. I am going to briefly talk about self-examinations, clinical breast exams and mammograms and what can do to become more aware of your body. Visual Aid: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Main Points: 1. Self- examinations a. Research show that performing a self- examination plays a small role in finding breast cancer but being aware of what is normal in your breast can help determine any differences (American Cancer Society, 2010c). b. Performing this exam...
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...unfortunately for her the cancer had spread and the doctor could not offer any consoling news. She was given two years max to live. Amy was devastated, and as predicted she passed on just two months shy of her 47th birthday. Surprisingly, Amy had always done her breast exams and mammograms at the recommended intervals. Unfortunately cases similar to Amy’s are on the rise and have brewed lots of controversies on breast cancer screening using mammography-the gold standard. Clinicians are querying the effectiveness of Mammograms as a gold standard. There is increasing awareness of subpopulations of women for whom mammography has reduced sensitivity. Mammography screening is not very effective in women between the ages of 20 and 40, and only moderately effective in women aged 40 to 49.It is estimated through mathematical modeling that regular screening of a woman between ages 40 and 49 will decrease her risk of breast cancer death by about 15%. In comparison, clinical trials show that screening reduces risk of death by 20% to 35% in women aged 50 to 70. Mammography also has undergone increased scrutiny for false positives and excessive biopsies, which increase radiation dose, cost, and patient anxiety. In response to these challenges, promising new technologies that may improve detection of breast cancer both in the general population and in high-risk groups, such as women with dense breasts. These...
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...Breast Cancer Awareness I want to have the first page contain information on how important it is for early detection, and what you are looking for. Mammograms are important to start at age 40 and to continue them every year. A list of Doctors in the area that specialize in women’s care and the type of insurance they accept. Have a list of support groups and counselors that you can talk too. Have a message board set up for questions to a doctor and for questions to others that have been through mammograms and even ones who have had cancer found, that will give others an idea of what to expect. It is a very scary thing to go through, and this way people who do not have anyone to talk to can get feedback from someone who knows how they feel. I would like to have it simple enough for anyone to get on the web site and can find their way around without much trouble, and also have as much information as I can have on there. Look into other web sites for other Doctors and clinics that are available to people that do not have Doctors or do not have insurance. Give the web address for sites to make their search much easier. Give my own experience of a mammogram and how I felt and the questions I had about it. Let them know it is ok to be scared and that it is normal not to really wanting to know. Have survivor stories and list benefits for others that do not have any other resources. Have 2 different message boards or even chat rooms questions for...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography in Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE; Elizabeth Moye, BA; Sankey Williams, MD; Jesse A. Berlin, ScD; and Eileen E. Reynolds, MD Background: The risks and benefits of mammography screening among women 40 to 49 years of age remain an important issue for clinical practice. Purpose: To evaluate the evidence about the risks and benefits of mammography screening for women 40 to 49 years of age. Data Sources: English-language publications in MEDLINE (1966 – 2005), Pre-MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of selected studies through May 2005. Study Selection: Previous systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and observational studies. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers. Data Synthesis: In addition to publications from the original mammography trials, 117 studies were included in the review. Metaanalyses of randomized, controlled trials demonstrate a 7% to 23% reduction in breast cancer mortality rates with screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age. Screening mammography is associated with an increased risk for mastectomy but a decreased risk for adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The risk for death due to breast cancer from the radiation exposure involved in mammography screening is small and is outweighed by a reduction in breast cancer mortality...
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