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Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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HAJJ (THE PILGRIMAGE) Pilgrimage is an old ritual. Makkah was considered the religious capital of the entire Arabian Peninsula much before the arrival of Islam and Kaaba had been the centre of pilgrimage for all Arabian tribes. It was a sacred territory respected by friends and foes alike. Even the Pagans who used to worship idols, called Kaaba, the House of Allah. The Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. It is a journey to Kaaba to perform certain prescribed rites under Allah‟s command. It is obligatory once in life time for those Muslims who can afford financially and are capable physically to conduct the rites. Apart from a religious rite the Hajj is a trade fare and a political gathering as well. During Hajj people of different places get to know each other and their difficulties. It is a foundation of social culture and provides opportunity for collective struggle. Any assembly of Muslims including congregational prayer and Hajj provides us an opportunity to meet our brothers of all races and regions in faith. In Hajj a community practically becomes a family. It makes us to learn cooperation, brotherhood, equality and love regardless of our social status, colour and nationality. "Whoever sets out for Hajj, Umrah or Jihad but dies on the journey (before being able to render these obligations), Allah Ta'ala records for him the rewards of the ghazi (one who returns victorious from the Jihaad field) and the reward of one who has performed the Hajj and Umrah." Abu Hurairah – Mishkaat books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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“Umrah is an expiation of sins, and the reward for Hajj Mabroor is nothing except Paradise.” Sahih Al Bukhari, 3 – 1. If all items of Hajj are performed in accordance with the Traditions of the Messenger of Allah, it is called Hajj Mabroor (a valid pilgrimage). “Verily, the first House appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessings, and guidance for mankind & jinn. There are manifest signs in it, the station of Ibrahim. Whosoever enters it, he attains security. And pilgrimage to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can afford the journey…..Quran 3 : 96 – 97 Prophet Ibraheem was ordered by Allah to leave his wife Hajra and infant son Ismail in the desert of Makkah. He and his son Prophet Ismail built Kaaba under the command of Al Mighty Allah. Visitors to Kaaba have been specifically asked to pray two units at the Station of Ibraheem. “No good deeds on other days are superior to those done on these (first ten days of Dhul Hajj). Some companions of the Prophet (pbuh) said “Not even Jihad? He replied “Not even Jihad! Except that of a man who does it by putting himself & his property in danger for Allah‟s sake & does not return with any of these things.” Ibn Abbas – Sahih Al Bukhari "Allah Ta'ala accepts the dua of one who performs Hajj and Umrah and if he seeks forgiveness. Allah Ta'ala forgives him." Abu Hurairah – Mishkaat "Unite Hajj and Umrah (during Hajj period). Both (acts of Ibaadat) eliminate poverty and sins in a similar way in which the impurities of gold, books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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silver and iron are eliminated. The reward of Hajj which was performed correctly is nothing other than Jannat" Ibn Maswood –Mishkaat “Zamzam water achieved the purpose for which it is consumed. If you drink it to seek a cure, Allah will cure you, if you drink it to make you full, Allah will make you full, if you drink it to quench your thirst, Allah will quench your thirst. It is the haazma of Jibraeel and the drink Allah provided to Ismael.” Ibn Abbas – Zamzam Ad-Daraaqutni, Haakim Hajj was made compulsory upon Muslims in 10H. The Messenger of Allah said that a Muslim despite possessing means does not perform the Hajj then it makes no difference if he dies as a Jew or a Christain. According to some traditions the Messenger of Allah said, “O people! Allah made pilgrimage obligatory on you, so perform pilgrimage.” and “Learn your rituals (by seeing performing me).” The Farewell Pilgrimage of the Messenger of Allah The Prophet performed the only Hajj in his life during which about one hundred thousand people joined him. The day the Prophet started his journey from Medina was Saturday after Zohr prayer five days before Zilqidah ended and reached Makkha also on Saturday on 5th of ZilHajj. After arriving in Makkah the first thing he did that he touched and kissed the black stone. Then he completed the first three circuits and then slowed down his pace to complete the remaining four circuits. He prayed two units at the Station of Ibrahim. Next he touched and kissed black stone again. Next he completed seven walks of Safaa & Marwaa. books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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The Prophet stayed in Makkah for five days including Saturday, and left for Mina to make camp there. He stayed there until next fajr and departed to Muzdalifah after the sunrise. From there he left Arafah and delivered a sermon at Namirah before the noon prayer. He left Arafah after the sun set to perform Namaaz Magrib in Muzdalifah. Then he left Muzdalifa for Mina next morning before sunrise. As he rode onwards, he repeated Talbiya over & over again. He ordered Ibn Abbas to pick up seventy pebbles for him. When he reached Batn Muhassir, he increased his pace, for it was the place where Abraha‟s people were inflicted with severe punishment. When he reached Mina, he stopped Talbiya & pelted the Jamaraat with pebbles after the rising of the sun. He returned to Mina again and gave a sermon when at the end of it ordered them who were present to convey the contents of the sermon to those who were absent for among those who are absent understand the message better than those who hear. Then he turned towards God to be the witness. Then he slaughtered 63 camels and asked Ali Bin Abu Taalib to do the remaining twenty seven. He shaved his head afterwards and as his companions wished, he distributed his hair among those who were nearest to him. Immediately after, he went to Makkah and performed Tawaaf-i-Ifaadah. He performed Zohr prayer and drank zamzam. He returned to Mina the very same day. He stayed there the full night and next day. After Zohr prayer he books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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pelted pebbles to Jamarah beginning with the first one. He delivered two sermons, one on the day of Al Nahr and one on the following day. After staying three days of Tashreek in Mina, he went to Makkah to perform the Farewell Tawaaf. That was the last act of Hajj as he immediately departed to Medina. For Hajj are the months well known (two months & ten days). So whosoever intends to perform Hajj, let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good you do Allah knows it. And take a provision for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me O men of understanding.” Quran 2 : 197 The Procedure of Hajj In general the months of Shawwal, Zulqaid and upto ten or thirteenth of Zul-Hajj is regarded the period of Hajj. But the main rites are performed from 8 to 10 of Zil Hajj. Days from 11th to 13th of Zilhajj are called the days of Tashreeq. There are three ways of performing Hajj; Hajj Al Tamattu, Hajj Al Qiran and Hajj Al Ifraad. In Hajj Al Tamattu pilgrims assume ehrams for Umrah first & after completion of Umrah they assume another ehram for performing Hajj. It is obligatory to sacrifice an animal in Hajj Tamattu. In Hajj Al Qiran pilgrims perform umrah and then perform Hajj with the same state of ehram. To sacrifice an animal is necessary.

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Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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And in Hajj Al Ifraad they assume ehram with the intention of performing Hajj only and do not perform Umrah (one however, has to refer to respective booklets of Hajj and appoint a Muaallim (religious guide) when he intends to undertake pilgrimage). A Muslim Pilgrim must make sure that his earnings to spend on Hajj are lawful and that he has made adequate arrangement of provisions for his family and their security during the period of Hajj. He must clear his debts before departure. It is not proper to raise funds to let one go on Hajj. He should make it sure that the routs to Makkah are peaceful. A pilgrim must be regular in offering salaat and fasting. He must demonstrate character of humbleness & modesty. He should ask forgiveness for his past sins and should depart as one departs from this world. Ideally he should spend some money in charity before departure. A woman must be accompanied by an escort who is in the prohibited degree of marriage (mehram). 8th of Zil Hajj On the 8th of Zil Hajj when the pilgrim intends to perform Hajj, he puts on a simple white garment of unsewen cloth in two pieces called Ehram (Pilgrim garb). It is worn after a ceremonial bath (gusl) at certain fixed points (meeqat) by road or by air. Once a pilgrim wears Ehram, the prohibition of vanities including sexual intercourse, filthy conversation, quarrels & fights and hunting comes into effect. He can not cut his hair or apply perfumes. He also can not enter into any matrimonial tie. Both men & women can not cover their faces.

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Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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“Whoever performs Hajj to this House and does not approach his wife for sexual relations nor commits sin, he will come out as sinless as a newly born child.” Abu Hurairah - Sahih al Bukhari, 3 – 45. Besides, men can not cover their heads. They are forbidden to wear anything other than ehram. After wearing the pilgrim garb, a pilgrim should recite Talbiya and keep on reciting it frequently until 10th of Zil Hajj, the time he pelts stones at the pillar of Aqaaba. Ehram is not complete without reciting Talbiya. But if he or she commits any of the forbidden acts either intentionally or unintentionally, expiation becomes obligatory except sexual intercourse which invalidates the Hajj completely. For other violations they should either fast for three days, feed three needy person or sacrifice a sheep & distribute the meat in the cause of Allah. After reaching Makkah one should straight head to Kaaba. The first act after ehram a pilgrim is to perform Tawaaf al Qodoom (circumbulation) of Kaaba. He starts going around the Kaaba seven times kissing first the Black Stone. He should walk hastily in the first three rounds. Then he should pray two units of salaat at the Station of Ibrahim (kissing of black stone if not possible due to heavy rush the he should only touch it by hand or point to it). Next he should conduct the Saee seven walks on the hills of Safa and Merwa. Safa & Merwa are two hills where mother of Prophet Ismail prayed for water in the parched desert, and in her quest for water she walked seven books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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times to & fro. Ultimately her prayer was answered as zam-zam spring gushed out from by the strike of little infant‟s heels. So the walks between Safa & Marwa are done in remembrance of what Ismail‟s mother did. We have been asked to walk hastily between the two flags posted there. After completion of Saee the pilgrim then should visit to the valley of Mina which is around 6 miles north of Makkah and halt there for a night. 9th Zil Hajj From Mina he should he should proceed to the plain of Araafat which is about five miles north from there. There is a mall hill adjacent to this plain called Mount of Mercy which commemorates the reunion of Adam & Hawwa after they were sent to the earth. About midway between Arafaat & Mina there is a place called Muzdalifa where the Prophet of Allah offered a long prayer. The pilgrim shall proceed from Arafat to Muzdalifa after sun set. Stay there the night and after the sunrise next morning he should return to Mina. 10th zil Hajj In Mina it is the Eid Day when Hajis shall carry out throwing pebbles for the first time and only to the Big Jumra. Sick & weak pilgrims and women can depute other pilgrims on their behalf. The pebbles are thrown one by one. It is not permissible to throw all the seven pebbles together. Pilgrims who are performing Qiran or Tamattu form of Hajj should sacrifice an animal. books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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Then the pilgrim shall shave his head and remove ehraams. Men have to shave their head completely after the Hajj is over while women have to cut off a few locks of their hair. During Al Hudaibiyyah Treaty, when the Prophet asked his companions to shave their heads, some of them shaved and some only shortened the hair. The Messenger of Allah said, „May Allah have Mercy on those who shaved their heads.‟ The companions asked, „And what about those who have shortened the length of their hair.‟ The Prophet replied, „May Allah have Mercy on those who have shaved their heads.‟ They again asked, „And those who have shortened the length of their hair, O Messenger of Allah?‟ he again said, „May Allah have Mercy on those who have shaved their heads.‟ And for the third time they asked, „And those who have shortened the length of their hair, O Messenger of Allah.‟ This time he replied, „And those who have shortened the length of their hair.‟ Then he shall go to Makkah and perform Tawaaf of Ifadah (an essential part of Hajj) along with Saee between Safa and Marwa (the ban on marital relations is lifted). Although this closes the Pilgrimage, a stay for three days more (Tashriq) is recommended. 11 - 13th Mina Then he returns to Mina, stays there for 11th & 12th to complete the remaining of throwing pebbles. He will have to throw pebbles on the 13 th day as well.

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Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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Then if he wants to return to his place of residence then he has to perform the farewell Tawaf as well. The slaughtering of animals When Prophet Ismail was an adult, Prophet Ibrahim saw in dream offering him in sacrifice to Allah. He narrated the dream to Ismail who said, “O my father! Do that what you are commanded. God willing, you will find me patient.” When they both had their submission and when he had laid him on his forehead Allah accepted the sacrifice. That was only a trial. And Allah ransomed him with a great sacrifice & left for him a goodly remembrance among the later generations. Today millions of Muslims around the world when visit Makkah to perform Hajj & Umrah, sacrifice animals in total remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim and his son Prophet Ismail. It was a lofty honour for Abraham for generation to remember. “Peace be up on Abraham. He was indeed one of Allah‟s believing servants.” Prophet Ibrahim prayed, “O my Lord! Make this city (Makkah) one of peace & security and save me and my sons from worshipping idols.” Later Allah ordered the father son duo to raise the foundation of the House (Kaaba). They invoked to Allah, “Our Lord! Accept from us for You are the All-hearing & the All-knowing. Make us Muslims & our offspring a nation submissive unto You & show us our Manasiks (all the ceremonies of Hajj & Umrah) & accept our repentance. Certainly you are Oft Returning, Most Merciful.” books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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Eat what is slaughtered (with any instrument) that makes blood flow out except what is slaughtered with a tooth or with a nail – Rafi bin Khadij (Bukhari). “The Prophet cursed the one who did Muthla to an animal (cut its limbs or some other parts of its body while it is still alive).” Ibn Umar – Sahih Al Bukhari “Verily Allah has prescribed proficiency in all things. Thus, if you kill, kill well; and if you slaughter, slaughter well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to the animal he slaughters.” Muslim

“Allah has ordained kindness (or excellence) in everything. If killing is to be done, do it in the best manner, and when you slaughter, do it in the best manner by first sharpening the knife, and putting the animal at ease.” Muslim Prohibitions during Pilgrimage There are six incumbent of Hajj: Wear ehram from Meeqath, stay Arafat till sunset, spend night at Muzdalifa, to spend nights at Mina during the days of Tashreeq, to throw pebbles at Jumrat (lapidation) and to shave the head or trim the hair. The basic pillars of Hajj are – wearing Ehram, staying in Arafaat on the 9th of Zilhajj and Tawaaf-e Afazah. Some schalars also include performance of

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Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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Saee i.e. to walk briskly between Safaa & Marwa. Hajj is not valid if any of the forementioned rituals is missed. Carrying on trade is allowed. Sexual intercourse, filthy conversation, covering heads for men, to wear socks, women to put veil on their faces and hunting during pilgrimage is forbidden. But one can kill a sea animal for food. Expiation is necessary for all violations. The violetors for each violation should either fast for three days, feed three needy persons or sacrifice one sheep and distribute its meat. In case of sexual intercourse during Hajj, there is no expiation but the Hajj becomes void. “A Muhrim must neither marry himself, nor arrange the marriage of another, nor should he make the proposal of marriage.” Muslim 2/3277 “And complete the Hajj & Umrah in the service of Allah. But if you are prevented, sacrifice a Hady (animal), such as you may afford. And do not shave your heads until the offering reaches the place of sacrifice. And whosoever is ill, or has an ailment in scalp, he pay a fidya (ransom) by either fasting (three days) or feeding the poor (six poors) or offering sacrifice (one sheep) in compensation. And when you are in safety, if you continue the Umrah or Hajj, you must make an offering such as you can afford. But if you cannot afford it, you should fast three days during the Hajj and seven days on his return, making ten days in all. This is for those whose family is not in Makkah (non- resident). And fear Allah, and know that Allah is strict in punishment.” Quran 2 : 196

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When this verse was revealed, the city of Makkah was under the enemy rule. “There is no sin on you if you seek the bounty of your Lord (during Hajj). When you leave Ara’afat, celebrate the praises of Allah at the sacred monument (Masharil Haram). And remember Him as He has guided you, verily you were, before, of those who were astray.” Quran 2 : 198. “Then depart from the place when all the people depart. And ask Allah for forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” Quran 2 :199 “So when you have accomplished your holy rites (Manasiks), remember Allah as you remembered your forefathers, yeah with far more remembrance. But of mankind, there are some who say, “Our Lord, give us in this world.” For such there will have no portion in the Hereafter. And of them there are some who say, “Give us in this world that which is good and give us in the Hereafter that which is good and save us from the torment of the fire.” To these will be allotted a share of what they have earned; and Allah is swift at reckoning.” Quran 2 : 200–202 During the Pagan times, different tribes used to gather in assemblies and sing the praises of their forefathers. books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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“And celebrate the praises of Allah during the appointed days. But if any one hastens to leave in two days, there is no sin on him. But any one stays on there is no sin on him if his aim is to do right. Then fear Allah and know that you will surely be gathered unto Him.” Quran 2 : 203 "Making Tawaaf of Baitullah, to walk between Safa and Marwah and to pelt stones (at the Jimmar) has been ordained for establishing the remembrance of Allah Ta'ala" Lady Aisha - Abu Dawud Hadhrat Aabis Bin Rabeeah (Allah be pleased with him) narrates that once Hadhrat Umar (Allah be pleased with him) after kissing Hajr-e-Aswad (the Black Stone) said: "I know you are a stone. You can neither benefit me nor harm anyone. If I did not see Muhammad (peace be upon him) kissing you, I would not have kissed you." Abu Dawood Umrah If a Muslim intends to perform umrah he must wear ehram either at or before Meeqat and reach Makkah. He should circumbulate Kaaba seven times and pray two units of salaat at the Station of Ibraheem. He should then perform Saee seven times and either shave his head or cut his hair. If Umrah is performed during Ramadan the reward is equivalent to performing Hajj. Hajj Badal (on behalf of a deceased person) A deceased who could not perform Hajj (or Umrah) as he died before he could fulfil his intention then any of his successors can perform on his behalf. It is however necessary that the successor would have done his own books.feedback@gmail.com +91 9769709144 http://goo.gl/CxuOG2

Chapter – Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the ISLAMIC book “MAN – A Wonderful Creation”

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Hajj first. Similarly, if a person has the necessary financial capacity to perform Hajj but is physically unable to do so then another person can perform Hajj on his behalf. A woman can also perform a Hajj-e Badal. A visit to Masjid Al Nabawee During hajj, pilgrims travel to Medina to pay respect to Prophet Muhammed (sas) although it is not a requirement of Hajj itself. "The one who after Hajj visits me after my death (i.e. the Holy Raudah) is like one who has visited me while I was alive" Ibn Umer – Mishkaat „One prayer in this masjid of mine is better than one thousand prayers anywhere else except for Masjid Al Haraam.‟ Abu Hurairah – Sahih Al Bukhari „The provisions of journey are not tied except to three masjids i.e. Masjid Al Haraam, Masjid An Nabawee and Masjid Al Aqsa.‟ Abu Hurairah – Sahih Al Bukhari

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As Salaamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuhu, To acquire the hard copies of the ISLAMIC book "MAN - A Wonderful Creation" complied by Hasan Khan Deshmukh, kindly fill in your details by clicking > http://goo.gl/CxuOG2 Compilers FB Page (Click Below) https://www.facebook.com/pages/HasanKhan-Deshmukh/233276620113651?ref=nf Jazaak Allahu Khairan

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