...Coral Reef Restoration Techniques in Florida Angel Fisch OCE1001 MW 9:30 am Palm Beach State College March, 2010 ABSTRACT An estimated 20% of the world’s coral reefs have been effectively destroyed and show no immediate prospects of recovery. In addition, 24% of reefs are under risk of collapse from human pressures and another 26% are under a long-term threat of collapse (Wilkinson, 2004). Therefore, preservation and restoration of coral reefs is of particular local, national and global interest. Although corals may have the ability to recover from natural disturbances, stresses from human activities coupled with natural stresses may inhibit their ability to recover (Edwards and Gomez, 2007). Restoring damaged and disturbed reefs may facilitate recovery and help compensate for reef destruction. This paper reviews coral reef restoration techniques and selected case studies at locations around the world. Some of the successes and potential issues of reef restoration projects are discussed along with considerations and implications for coral reef managers. INTRODUCTION Coral reefs, one of the oldest ecosystems on Earth, are highly complex and often called “rainforests of the sea” because of the diversity of life forms they support (Connell, 1978; Secord, 2001). Coral reefs are important both economically and ecologically. It is estimated that they provide US$375 billion per year around the world in goods and services, with approximately 500 million people dependent...
Words: 978 - Pages: 4
...There are three phenomenal horses in racehorse history that defied all odds and became known as heroes in the racing world. These horses, Man o’ War, Secretariat, and Seabiscuit, have interesting stories that when looked at, different conclusions can be drawn on how they became successful. Where most people conclude that their success was due to their genetics and training, I argue that along with those factors, luck and timing played a part as well. The factors of success outlined by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers can be applied to horses in horse racing to determine their success on the track, such as luck and timing. Man o’ War is regarded as one of the greatest Thoroughbred racehorses of all time, yet what made him successful could...
Words: 1322 - Pages: 6
...In Act I of The Old Man and the Sea the reader is introduced to Santiago, an old man who loves fishing. Also in act one, the reader is introduced Manolin, a boy who is not related to the old man, but was taught to fish by Santiago. Santiago has not caught a fish for eighty-four days and it is bothering him. The other fishermen call him unlucky and make fun of him. Santiago ignores all of the comments and remains unfazed, but the question whether he is too old to catch a fish arises. The boy goes to buy some sardines for Santiago. Afterwards, they discuss fishing for the next day and baseball. They later go to Santiago’s house which is a small hut. They talk about their non-existent dinner and baseball. Santiago also mentions that his longest streak of not catching a fish is eighty-seven days and he cannot deal with going that long again. Santiago falls asleep and dreams of Africa and lions on the beach. When he awakes Manolin has gotten dinner for them from Martin. They say they must pay him back when they catch their big fish. Act II begins with the duo heading down to the docks in the morning, but the moon is still outside. Manolin gives Santiago the sardines and he casts out to sea. Santiago pasts by flying fish and birds and make a comment about how the “can be so cruel” (29). Before light hits, Santiago casts out his lure. As Santiago was fishing, he notices Portuguese man of war being eating by turtles. He catches some tuna so that he can eats. Then he gets a pull on...
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...Andrew Jackson, ativist, common man, war hero. Having all these charactaristics, that not many presidents had at the time made him one of the most unique presidents of the 1800's. In my essay you will read about the impact of Andrew Jacksons presidency. You will also read about the important factors of his actions while being in office. We will also dive in to how his characaristics and campain made a difference in american democracy around the world Most presidents were Scholars and came from rich backrounds. While may americans were growig tired of always having a well connected president, Andrew Jackson was born in a log cabin, and was the first president from the west. Jackson also had a limited education. Which is very different from every president who seved in office before him. Jackson was a "common man" and the first one at that. His unique backroud made him interesting. Thus getting his nomination for president. Andrew Jackson was a soilder oppose to being a scholar like his oppnents . His supporters belived that other than the other presidents he would fight for the citizens rights rather then sit back and write like a scholar would....
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...Have you ever heard about Adolf Hitler? If so you must know that he is the man who created World War Two. World War Two was a huge tragedy and was a massacre that should never happen ever again. But you must be wondering, how did this all began? I have your answer to this giant misfortune. It all started when a man named Adolf Hitler born April 20, 1889 in Austria. He was the leader of the Nazi Party and believed that the Jewish was the answer to why Germany was under Great Depression after World War One. But truth be told it was all their fault but sadly they thought it’s easier to blame someone else than to blame yourself. So the German citizens were all told to hate the Jewish due to Adolf Hitler telling them that Jewish was the cause...
Words: 441 - Pages: 2
...Lach v. Man O’ War, LLC ISSUE[S]: Does the restructure of a partnership to that of a LLC constitute a conversion, and therefore require the consent of all members, or qualify as a reorganization? And, Can decisions made by general partners violate the fiduciary duties owed to limit partners? RULE[S]: KRS 275.370- The full consent of all members of a partnership is required for the conversion of a partnership to a limited liability company, unless otherwise stated in a partnership agreement. KRS 275.375 - (1) Any converted partnership shall remain the same entity that existed prior to the conversion.” (2) “[property] shall remain vested in the converted [entity] and shall continue obligations of the converted [entity].” KRS 362.2-1201 ULPA: In situations where uniformity must be maintained, the courts may account the “Official Comments” of the ULPA (even if the act has not been fully enacted)....
Words: 541 - Pages: 3
...Happy Birthday War; a subject which can scar even the most innocent man, in the most horrible way. Despite the scars not always being shown ed, they exist in the mind of the individual. Even though the man might seem to be calm and brave, there will always be something underneath that will constantly will (langt biled ikke adskille s + v) remind him of the horrors he has survived. In “Young and Old” we meet and old man and a young boy, and their view on the past war, which has clearly has (langt biled ikke adskille s + v) touched them in different ways. Fint ( The story is about a young boy and an old man, who are (kongruens) during the war is united by faith during the war (langt biled ikke adskille s + v). It takes place shortly after the war, because soldiers are still walking though the streets, but they are friendly, and the population of the city is free to wander around. In the beginning we learn that the man and the boy spend an awful lot of time in the catacombs of cellars beneath a shattered city, which sets the mood in the text. ( We imagine a city in ruins and a dark and creepy hangout place especially for the young boy. It’s is told by an objective, third person narrator, which results in us not taking any of the protagonist’s party, and therefore makes us capable of to experiencing e both of the characters in an equal way. ( ( Due to this fact, it is important for us to look at the protagonists separately. At first we have the old man, who seems to be a...
Words: 1464 - Pages: 6
...elderly man and 7-year-old boy, who lives in the ruins of a war-torn city. Soldiers demand the two to fill out documents with information such as age and name. The elderly man does not know the boy’s age or birthdate. Therefore they decide to celebrate the boy’s birthday the next day, and the man decides to take the boy to a green and living place outside the devastated city. In addition, the man creates a cart for the boy, which the boy rather sees as a tank. On their way to the place, the boy spots an old, rusty tank, which fascinates the boy. The man becomes more and more irritated by the boy’s admiration of things connected to war, which culminates in the man becoming angry with the boy. When the elderly man wakes up after a nap, the boy is gone. The man finds him saying ”Gotcha!” while seated in the tank’s turret pointing towards him. 2: Characterization The young boy was born in the latter half of the Second World War. We can extract this piece of information because of the short story’s title (1951), and because the boy has not gotten any birthday presents in the first six years of his life, which means that the boy turns 7 years in the short story. The boy’s nationality, name and birthdate are also unknown. The boy’s mother was a refugee, who probably delivered her baby to the old man because she feared for her life. The young boy has lived his whole life in a cellar in a shattered city. Therefore he cannot remember much if anything nothing from the war. This is...
Words: 916 - Pages: 4
...characters in the short story are a man and a boy. We are told that a refugee woman left her baby by the old man and then she never came back - That's how the man got the boy. The man doesn't know something about the boy and that's why they are choosing a day to celebrate the boy's birthday. As a birthday present the man wants to take the boy to a place without war. On their way to the place, they talk about the color of different uniforms when they see four soldiers. When they arrive, they eat their lunch, close their eyes and sleep for a while. In the end of the story, we are told that the man wakes up and discovers that the boy is gone. Different thoughts go through the man's head and those are interrupted by the boy when he says "Gotcha!" Characterize the boy and the old man. The two main characters in the short story are the boy and the old man. The old man in the short story feels that he hasn't been a good father, which is expressed different places in the story, such as: "I haven't been a good father, letting you go without birthdays this long… You're entitled to one every year, you know, and I've let six years go by without a birthday. And presents, too. You are supposed to get presents." (7. 30 - 32) The old man does not like the war and he does not like the soldiers. Every time the boy talks about something which has to do with the war, the old man gets a bit sad and upset. The old man does not want that the boy talks about war and things like that, which...
Words: 1045 - Pages: 5
...about the repercussions of war. The story starts in medias res with an old man choosing the day for a young boy's birthday. There has been a war that ended seven years ago and the pair has been hiding ever since. They were discovered by soldiers and are now filling out their documents. The old man has made a small cart for the boy for his birthday and also takes him for a trip to the countryside. In the calm countryside they discover a rusty tank, which preoccupies the boy a lot. They have lunch and afterwards a small nap. When the old man awakens the boy is gone. He immediately heads for the tank to look for him, fearing he may have drowned in the nearby stream. The boy is nowhere to be seen, but suddenly raises his head from the turret and says “Gotcha!”. (151 words) Characterization of the boy and old man: The boy has never known anything but the war-torn everyday. He has always had to search for food and shelter and has never had a birthday, just as he has missed out on a lot of activities that normal seven-year-olds participate in. He is very preoccupied with the war and the marching soldiers. His birthday gift, which the old man imagines is a grocery cart, the boy pretends to be a tank. Since the boy has never experienced anything but the post-war years he glorifies the soldiers. He has never experienced the gory and bloody truth of war, or known what soldiers do in war. Hence he also doesn't understand or appreciate what the old man is offering him. A whole...
Words: 774 - Pages: 4
...England were at upheaval over the civil war so he wrote “The Leviathan” as to show his observation on how Humans really are in their natural state with his assertion he suggest since being a royalist that to preserve peace , Man should form social contract. He believed any form of government is better than none. His Philosophy along with those of Machiavelli were seen as the foundation for Modern political thinking. Just like Machiavelli assertion that humans are essentially evil and selfish, Hobbes also believes that human are inherently selfish. The Mortal God as Hobbes describes “The Leviathan” is created in order to protect the people creating and enforcing the laws. Thesis Hobbes claim that when man is left in “The State Of Nature” he is unable to preserve his life making it brutish and short therefore man should form an social contract allowing an absolute authority the (sovereignty) create and implement laws they should follow in order to maintain peace and avoid civil war. Insight 2nd Paragraph Thomas Hobbes and Niccolò Machiavelli both make similar assertion but greatly contradicts one another. Both Hobbes and Machiavelli have a pessimistic view on human nature. Thomas Hobbes believes that humans are only interested in their own self gain would do anything to preserve their security without regards for the next man as Hobbes states. Machiavelli views on nature also correlates with the views of Hobbes, he believes that man cannot be trusted because we are not consistent...
Words: 1798 - Pages: 8
...“You can’t say civilization don’t advance… in every war they kill you in a new way” (Will Rogers Memorial Museums). The Vietnam war was a terrible war in the history of America. It was very unpopular at home, many Americans were drafted against their will for service, and many Americans never came back home. Tim O’Brien is an American novelist and author who participated in the Vietnam war and witnessed firsthand the horrors of war. He uses diction, the certain choice of words, to convey a tone; the written attitude. In “The Man I Killed”, O’Brien uses words and phrases such as “star-shaped hole”, “dainty”, and “communist” to create a tone of remorse while recalling his experience in Vietnam. Tim O’Brien uses the phrase “star-shaped hole” many times throughout the passage to convey his remorseful tone. The phrase “star-shaped hole” typically refers to a hole in the shape of a star with no positive or negative connotation. After killing a man, O’Brien describes the man he killed physically as “…his other eye was a star-shaped hole” (O’Brien). O’Brien...
Words: 704 - Pages: 3
...res. The story is about a young boy and an old man, who is not the father of the boy. The boy was given to him as a baby, by a refugee woman. They have lived in the ruins, for 7 years, after a war and have survived by collecting things they could find or steal. One day soldiers find them and order some documents filled out. For this he needs the boy’s unknown birthdate. The boy selects a day, and becomes entitled to have a birthday and presents. The man makes a present, a cart, for the boy, but also gives him a day away from the war. The boy likes his cart, which he calls a tank. The day away from the war becomes a day to a place the boy never has been before. At the trip he sees some soldiers and a tank witch the man does not like. 2. Characterize the boy and the old man There is not mentioned much about the two characters, we do not know their age, nationality, names or birthdays. What we know is they live by themselves, poor, in the ruins after a war. “… the old man and the boy had lived in the ruins for seven years without documents …” (l. 10-11). They survive on things they steal or dig out of the cellars of the ruins. “But the old man and the boy had found all three for the digging in the catacombs of cellars beneath the shattered city, for the filching at night.” (l. 12-14). The boy is around 7 years old, no real parents, as he was given to the old man by a refugee mother. “He told them how, on the day the war ended, a refugee woman had left a baby in his arms...
Words: 1293 - Pages: 6
...Dix, Otto. The War. 1929-1932. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Gemaldegalerie Neue Meiste, Dresden. A Graphic Narrative Interpreted The piece the war by Otto Dix creates an ominous depiction of what a war may look like. Divided into four different pictures, the painting creates a narrative about war. Beginning with an image that displays soldiers going off to war, then the combat area, a mass coffin, and ending with a ghostly figure reaping the battle ground. From the images provided the viewer can interpret that war is very gruesome and negative. At a first glance the viewer is drawn to the center of the painting, as their eyes move around, they begin to decipher the painting and the heaviness of the painting is felt. The grim war zone overwhelms the viewer and displays an aftermath of evil. Otto Dix effects the reader with confusion through a variety of chaos inducing techniques, and ultimately shares his opinions on war. The narrative begins with an image that displays pre-war activities. The battle has not begun yet and the soldiers do not know what to expect. The first panel displays what looks like a group of soldiers hiking off to war. In the left portion of the painting there are soldiers rising out of the fog, the viewer can only see every thing above the soldiers’ shoulders’. They sky is filled with various types of clouds, and red, almost orange tints. In the corner, there is a small piece of dark sky filled with stars. The soldiers are ready for battle with their...
Words: 2153 - Pages: 9
...Men In War Name University 1. Introduction All recruited rookie conscripts can be generally divided into two categories. Neither religious, nor political affiliations are the criterions. The future soldiers are automatically divided into two groups. The first group, are those who want to go to the war, and the second, are those conscripts who detest the idea of landing on the enemy’s territory, taking a rifle, and joining the combat zone, eliminating the enemy soldiers. The reasons for this diverging demeanor are evident. The first batch regards the upcoming combats as the opportunity to reach masculinity and the way to become real men. An ingrained prejudice among many Americans is that the true man is the one who served in the military and took part in the combat operations. However, the revelations of those United States and their Allies soldiers who were summoned to protect the welfare of the USA during the Civil War, the First World War, and the World War II have indicated that sometimes the notion that a boy becomes a man during the war is nothing but a myth. This paper outlines the expectations and the results obtained by the soldiers of different nationalities, religions and cultures, who experienced the Civil War, Word War I, and the World War II respectively and explains the reasons of their ultimate opinions. 2. The Civil War The Civil War in the United States of America is known to be one of the most bloody and atrocious wars, which the mankind...
Words: 1312 - Pages: 6
