...Case Study 4: Why do public-sector projects fail? INTRODUCTION The public-sector is the portion of society controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments. The composition of public-sector varies by country, but in most countries it encompasses universal, critical services such as national defense, homeland security, police protection, firefighting, urban planning, corrections, taxation, and various social programs. It is no surprise for government to budget a large expense in any related project due to its important. However, history prove that public-sector project often go wrong and fail. Under this situation, this essay is going to analyses the key problems which responsible to the public-sector projects’ chequered history by providing some suggestion in reduce the risk of project failure. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR IT Based on the past track record, public-sector informational system project failures are so common that it almost expected by the planners. It is estimated that around 20–30 percent of projects are total failures and abandoned. Around 30–60 percent partially fails, with time and cost overruns or other problems. The minority of projects succeed. To give a general idea of this situation, we can compare it with NHS National Programme for Information Technology (NpfIT). It is the largest civil IT programme which aims at providing opportunities for the IT service industry to develop business models in the UK healthcare sector. It launched...
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...Personal financial decisions may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations. The six key areas of personal financial planning, as suggested by the Financial Planning Standards Board, are:[1] 1.Financial position: is concerned with understanding the personal resources available by examining net worth and household cash flow. Net worth is a person's balance sheet, calculated by adding up all assets under that person's control, minus all liabilities of the household, at one point in time. Household cash flow totals up all the expected sources of income within a year, minus all expected expenses within the same year. From this analysis, the financial planner can determine to what degree and in what time the personal goals can be accomplished. 2.Adequate protection: the analysis of how to protect a household from unforeseen risks. These risks can be divided into liability, property, death, disability, health and long term care. Some of these risks may be self-insurable, while most will require the purchase of an insurance contract. Determining how much insurance to get, at the most cost effective terms requires knowledge of the market for personal insurance. Business owners, professionals, athletes and entertainers require specialized insurance professionals to adequately protect themselves. Since insurance also enjoys some tax benefits, utilizing insurance investment products may be a critical piece of the overall investment planning. 3.Tax planning: typically the income...
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...Implications and Consequences: +Provides an opportunity for earnings management. + Reflect the current period’s true and fair results. -Requirements for annual impairment testing of goodwill and other non-amortised intangible assets. -Difficulties surrounding the identification of a cash-generating unit. -Challenges in projecting cash flows and estimating various assumptions for the testing of value in use. Kolb’s TEL with Paul’s Critical Thinking Components: IAS 36 Impairment of assets-assess of key features Objects/Events: To prescribe the procedures that an entity applies to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. An asset is carried at more than its recoverable amount if its carrying amount exceeds the amount to be recovered through use or sale of the asset. If this is the case, the asset is described as impaired and the Standard requires the entity to recognise an impairment loss. To also specifies when an entity should reverse an impairment loss and prescribes disclosures. (IASC Foundation Education) Worldviews: Institutional Investor: likely to know the long term stability of business by reviewing the current true worth of assets. Standard Setters: To ensure that assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount, and to define how recoverable amount is determined. (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 2009) Assertions: Option2 =the reversal of an impairment loss...
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...WORKSHOP ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES IN NGO Broad topics to be covered Financial Management Accounting & Book Keeping Tally.ERP9 useful for NGO TDS and IT FCRA Auditing Funders Requirement Role of Finance Team in NGO September 8 to 10, 2015 Venue- Samarthan Training Centre, 36, Green Avenue, Behind Sagar Campus, Kolar Road, Chuna Bhatti, Bhopal MP 462016 WORKSHOP ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES IN NGOS Venue: Samarthan Training Centre, Bhopal 8th-10th September 2015 We are pleased to announce a detailed workshop on Financial Management, Accounting procedures and legal compliances applicable to an NGO. Design & content: The workshop is conducted for providing detailed training of NGOs finance staff on the financial management aspects. It shall cover accounting processes, consolidation of books and training on accounting software-Tally ERP9.Pratical assignment based learning shall be taken up in the area of legal compliances – TDS, Income Tax etc. Topics covered: Session Conducted by Day 1 Introduction and Objective of training Financial Management for NGOs- needs Process and records Planning, Budgeting, Monitoring, Procurement, Auditing Day 2 Accounting & Book Keeping Functions of Tally.ERP9 useful for NGO accounting Group work Day 3 Interface between NGO and auditor TDS- rules, payments, filing of challan & return Interaction with the...
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...1. Identify the company and the ethical dilemma. Tyco International is a company in Switzerland that operates out of the US in New Jersey. Tyco International is made up of two departments’ fire protection and security systems. The issue with Tyco International is that the companies money was given to people that were unauthorized to have I which means that theft was happening with in the company 2. Analyze the key elements in the situation: a. Who benefited or was harmed? There were three people that benefited from this Mark A. Belnick, Mark H. Swartz, and Dennis Kozlowski How did they benefit? These three men benefited by starting a program that they benefited in the form of using Tyco stock, cash bonuses and forgiveness of loans and earning about 150 million between all three of the men. How were they harmed? The shareholders were the main people that were hurt were the shareholders were affected and harmed because there were not getting the right finances or accurate reports given to them such as annual reports because of misappropriated funds. This is called getting a cook book. b. What rights or claims were violated? The Security and Exchange Act of 1934 which is a law that governs secondary trading when it comes to bonds, debentures, and stocks. Also the Securities Act of 1933 which protects the offers and sells of securities and possibly part of RICCO was violated. c. What specific interests were in conflict? Mark H. Swartz's role as CFO requires him...
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...Essays in Accounting Theory: Corporate Earnings Management in a Dynamic Setting and Public Disclosure in the Financial Services Industry A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kai Du Dissertation Director: Shyam Sunder December 2012 c 2012 by Kai Du All rights reserved. Abstract Essays in Accounting Theory: Corporate Earnings Management in a Dynamic Setting and Public Disclosure in the Financial Services Industry Kai Du 2012 This dissertation consists of three essays on the interactions between economic fundamentals and accounting information in three different settings: an infinite-horizon financial reporting problem, a coordination game with trading in the secondary market, and a bank which provides risk sharing among demand depositors. In the first essay, I propose a dynamic model of corporate earnings management in which investors have different expectations schemes. I find that while earnings management may exist when investors have rational expectations or misspecified Bayesian beliefs, it disappears in the long run of an adaptive learning process. The model also offers ample predictions on the time-series properties of asset prices and return predictabilities. The second essay studies the role of public disclosure by a distressed firm whose creditors engage in a coordination game with trading. I find that conditioned on the private information...
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...Financial accounting refers to accounting and oversight of the companies have completed a comprehensive system of campaign funds, that the external economic stakes of investors, creditors and the government departments concerned and enterprises to provide economic information of the financial position and profitability as the main target carry out economic activities. Financial Accounting is an important foundation work of modern enterprises, through a series of accounting procedures, provided useful information for decision-making, and actively participate in management decisions, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, service in the healthy and orderly development of the market economy. Management accounting, also known as "internal report accounting", it means: to present and future campaign funds, to enhance economic efficiency for the purpose of internal managers provide the scientific basis for management decision-making as the goal of economic management activities. Popular financial accounting is the total company accounting processes, cost accounting is the part of management accounting is a financial accounting calculation based on future projections of the company. In economic management, accounting work is an important part of one is closely linked to the effective operation of economic and accounting work. Comparison of management accounting and financial accounting for the study of accounting work in-depth research and analysis. Overview of management...
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...School The University of Adelaide University of South Australia Open Universities (conferred by Uni of SA) TASMANIA University of Tasmania VICTORIA Australian Catholic University Cambridge International College Carrick Higher Education Deakin University Holmes Institute Holmesglen Institute of TAFE La Trobe University Melbourne Institute of Technology Monash University Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE RMIT University Swinburne University of Technology The University of Ballarat The University of Melbourne Victoria University WESTERN AUSTRALIA Curtin University of Technology Edith Cowan University Murdoch University The University of Notre Dame Australia University of Western Australia SINGAPORE Nanyang Technological University Singapore Management University Page 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7...
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...Introduction Accounting is the core of a business or organization as it helps to provide the necessary information which is required to make important economic decisions to ensure the organization or business is moving forward. In the business world, companies are now looking for something to be understood mainly to contribute on its effective business and management progress. The advanced pace in technology and the increasing level of competition among organization structure drastically impacts the position of an accountant. The information required by a company to make decision to make sure it is moving forward is provided by accounting. Both managerial and financial accounting plays a big role by working along to ensure the growth of the organization is in the right path. However, both managerial and financial accounting has its own purpose of improving an organization or a business. “Earlier financial accounting experiments typically sought to determine whether specific accounting policy choices would affect investors’ decisions.” (Pg778-experimental research) (122words) Role of Financial Accounting Every organization or business should be able to know their monetary progress or else they would never be able to evaluate if the business is profitable or the other way around. “The purpose of financial accounting is to provide users of financial statements with information that is useful for efficient decision making.”(accounting for intangible-pg102).It prepares the...
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...------------------------------------------------- Management accounting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information.Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (February 2012) | Accounting | | * Historical cost accounting * Constant purchasing power accounting * Management accounting * Tax accounting | Major types of accounting[show] | Auditing[show] | People and organizations[show] | Development[show] | Business portal | * v * t * e | In Management accounting or managerial accounting, managers use the provisions of accounting information in order to better inform themselves before they decide matters within their organizations, which aids their management and performance of control functions. Contents [hide] * 1 Definition * 2 Scope, practice, and application * 3 Differences between financial accountancy and management accounting * 4 Traditional vs. innovative practices * 5 Role within a corporation * 6 Specific methodologies * 6.1 Activity-based costing (ABC) * 6.2 Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK) * 6.3 Lean accounting (accounting for lean enterprise) * 6.4 Resource consumption accounting (RCA) * 6.5 Throughput accounting * 6.6 Transfer pricing * 7 Resources...
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...Rusho F&B JU Principles of Management (109) Financial Accounting (FNB106) 612 620 Batch #02 Introduction The organization we have worked on- F&B JU Principles of Management (109) Batch #02 Introduction (cont’d) Operation starts Banking system Main objective June 2, 1999 Commercial bank Providing with caring services by being innovative in the development of new banking products and services Head office 61, Dilkusha Commercial Area Dhaka-1000 F&B JU Principles of Management (109) Financial Accounting (FNB106) Batch #02 Objectives of the presentation • Learning financial statement analysis • Analyzing the financial statement of Mercantile Bank Limited • Finding out its financial condition and whether it is making profit or not F&B JU Principles of Management (109) Financial Accounting (FNB106) Batch #02 Techniques of financial statement analysis There are several techniques of financial statement analysis. They are1. Ratio analysis 2. Funds flow analysis 3. Common size analysis 4. Break even analysis 5. Trend analysis F&B JU Principles of Management (109) Financial Accounting (FNB106) Batch #02 Techniques of financial statement analysis (cont’d) Here we will use ratio and trend analysis system: Ratio analysis: Ratio is a statistical yardstick that measures the relationship between two accounting figures based on comparison in numerical terms. It points out whether the financial condition of a firm is very...
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...TITLE: ROLE OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN IFRS REGIME Personal Details |NAME |CMA. ARINDAM BANERJEE | |QUALIFICATION |MCOM AICWA | |RANK |Faculty Member, United Institute of Management, Allahabad | |Email |arind2001@yahoo.com | |Mobile |09794108735 | | | | |Communication Address |C/O Mr. Salil Chakroborty, | | |198 A, Sarat Bose Road, | | |Kolkata – 700029. | | | | ROLE OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN IFRS REGIME ...
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...Accounting: Text and Cases Managerial Accounting Anthony, Hawkins and Merchant 13th Edition Garrison, Noreen and Bewer 13th Edition Management Accounting 1 2 Because… 3 4 5 6 ! " # 7 Chapter 15 The Nature of Management Accounting 8 Learning Agenda Describe the differences between financial and management accounting Measurement used in management accounting system Textbook problem exercises 9 Differences Between Financial and Managerial Accounting Financial Accounting 1. Users 2. Time focus 3. Verifiability versus relevance 4. Precision versus timeliness 5. Subject 6. Requirements External persons who make financial decisions Historical perspective Emphasis on verifiability Emphasis on precision Primary focus is on the whole organization Must follow GAAP and prescribed formats Managerial Accounting Managers who plan for and control an organization Future emphasis Emphasis on relevance for planning and control Emphasis on timeliness Focuses on segments of an organization Need not follow GAAP or any prescribed format 10 Accounting Differences Financial External focus Whole organization Historical Quantitative Monetary Verifiable GAAP Formal recordkeeping Managerial Internal focus Segments or divisions Current/projected Quantitative/qualitative Monetary and nonmonetary Timely/reasonable estimate Benefits exceed costs Formal and informal recordkeeping 11 Management vs. Financial accounting ...
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...II. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION/ ACCOUNTING DISCIPLINES 1. The Accounting Profession The accounting profession may be divided into two disciplines, namely private accounting and public accounting. a) Private accounting These are accountants employed by a business firm or a NGO- frequently called management accountants. b) Public accounting This provides services on a fee basis. An accountant may practice as an individual or as a member of a public accounting firm. Public accountants who meet the required education, experience and pass required examinations may become CPA’s. 2. Specialized accounting fields/ branches There are several specialized fields in accounting. The two most common are financial accounting and managerial accounting ( this is based on user’s point of view). Other fields include:- Cost accounting, Environmental accounting, Tax accounting, Social accounting, etc. 3. Management Accounting – Management accounting is concerned with the provision of appropriate financial information to people within the organization (management and employees) to help them make better decisions. – It involves professional knowledge and skills in the preparation, presentation and interpretation of information required by management at all levels of the organizational structure. ← In other words, Management Accounting is concerned with data gathering (from both internal and external sources), analyzing, processing, interpreting...
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...INTRODUCTION Accounting is popularly known as “language of business". Accountants are the practitioners of accounting, who can speak it better than anyone. It measures the results of a company’s economic activities and conveys this information to different users like creditors, investors, management, and regulators, etc. Accounting is the body of knowledge, which is primarily concerned with methods for recording transactions, keeping financial records, performing internal audits, reporting and analysing financial information to the management, and advising on taxation matters. In short, it is a systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. It reveals profit or loss for a given period, and the value and nature of a firm's assets, liabilities and owners' equity. Accounting provides information on the resources available to a firm, the means employed to finance those resources, and also the results achieved through their use. ACCOUNTING CAREERS Choosing the field of accounting as a career path is a smart decision. This field will always be in demand. This field can help you to grow continuously and help you move up inside your organization. A lot of different positions are available in the field of accounting. Accounting careers can range from entry level positions to executive level positions. Some of the popular careers in accounting are Accountant, Accounting Clerk, Accounting Manager...
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