...Chapter 10 Defining organisational structure and design Organisational structure The formal arrangement of jobs within an organisation. Organisational Structure and Design Organisational design A process involving decisions about six key elements: Work specialization Departmentalization Chain of command Span of control centralisation and decentralisation Formalization Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter: Management 4e © 2006 Pearson Education Australia Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter: Management 4e © 2006 Pearson Education Australia 2 Organisational structure Work specialisation The degree to which tasks in the organisation are divided into separate jobs with each step completed by a different person. Overspecialization can result in human diseconomies from boredom, fatigue, stress, poor quality, increased absenteeism, and higher turnover. Departmentalisation by type Functional Grouping jobs by functions performed Process Grouping jobs on the basis of product or customer flow Product Grouping jobs by product line Customer Grouping jobs by type of customer and needs Geographic Grouping jobs on the basis of territory or geography Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter: Management 4e © 2006 Pearson Education Australia 3 Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter: Management 4e © 2006 Pearson Education Australia 4 1 Functional departmentalisation Geographical departmentalisation • Advantages • Efficiencies from putting together similar...
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...SUMMARY “The structure of an organization consists of relatively fixed and stable relationships among jobs and groups of jobs. The primary purpose of organization structure is to influence the behaviour of individuals and groups to achieve effective performance.” Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly and Konopaske (2009:418). Organisational structure and job design are key determinants of employee job performance and satisfaction. The degree to which the employee fits into the designed job and structure will determine the quality of performance and job satisfaction of that employee. The small life insurance company has a functional organisation structure that is associated with high human cost, boring, insignificant and monotonous jobs. This type of structure has resulted in job dissatisfaction, high turnover and absenteeism. The researchers start the analysis of the case by studying the critical relationship between job performance, job design and organisational design, and contrast the views of Gibson et al. (2009), Colquitt et al. (2008), van Dyk (2005) and Autry (1996) amongst other authors. The analysis reveals that congruency between job design and organisational design ensures desirable job performance by matching the right employees with the right jobs. Quality of work life and job enrichment play a major role in employees’ job satisfaction and this makes them perform at their optimum best. The researchers go on to identify problems that the insurance company and employees face...
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...ECM62EKM: Organisational Behaviour and HRM |Module size |15 Credits, Level M | |Total student study hours |150 | |Pre-requisites and co-requisites |None | |Excluded Combinations |None | Aims and Summary This module provides a thorough grounding in the theories of organisations, the processes of organisational designing, and the practice of human resource management. The first part of the module concentrates on the concepts of organisational structure and behaviour. The second part reviews the changing nature of the employment relationship and critically evaluates the contribution of HRM to organisational effectiveness and efficiency. Intended Module Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module, the student will be able to: Demonstrate an understanding of theoretical concepts of organisation structure and behaviour, and the practice of organising. Critically discuss the relationship of HRM to the traditional practice of personnel management and industrial relations. Assess key areas of HR practice, such as strategic planning, resourcing, development...
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...ThreeLeads a professional area acting as a consultant or partner, addresses key HR challenges at an organisational level for the medium and long-term. | | Band FourLeads and manages a professional area(s) and/or the organisation. Responsible for developing and delivering organisational and HR strategy. | | Professional Areas | The three areas of most interest and value to me are (for definition see over page): | I have this interest because… | I will develop my knowledge in this area in the following ways: | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | | Professional Area | | MSc HRM Modules | 1 | Contemporary Issues in Human Resource ManagementThe aim of this module is to introduce the student to the theory and practice of human resource management and to critically examine contemporary local, national and international issues that impact on the changing role and function of human resource management. | 2 | Managing Change and Organisational LearningThe module aims to develop knowledge and skills with regard to organisational change and the design, delivery and evaluation of learning and development. | 3 | Recruiting and Retaining EmployeesThis module explores recruitment, selection and retention of employees. As such it explores policies, procedures and benefits that promote employee satisfaction and commitment including flexible work strategies, diversity management, induction, and...
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...INTRODUCTION The overall function and direction of an organisation is determined by the nature of its corporate strategy. Strategy provides the goals, objectives and guidelines for the structure and operations of the organisation. It is by means of structure that the purpose and work of the organisation are carried out. Some structure is necessary to make possible the effective performance of key activities and to support the efforts of staff. Structure provides the framework of an organisation and its pattern of management. The manager needs to understand the importance and effects of organisation strategy and structure. The aim of this unit is to provide learners with the understanding and skills to manage their | activities in the business workplace to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. | This unit focuses on the effective and efficient planning and management of business work | activities. It gives learners with understanding and skills needed to design and implement | operational systems to improve their effectiveness and efficiency and achieve the desired results for the business. | | You are encouraged to consider the importance and interrelationship of business processes and the implementation of operational plans, together...
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...title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business | Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour | Student name | Assessor name | | | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 11th March 2013 | 4th April 2013 | | | | Assignment title | OB1: Culture and Management Style (1 of 3) | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Learning Outcome | Learning outcome | Assessment Criteria | In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: | Task no. | Evidence(Page no) | LO1 | Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture | 1.1 | Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture | 1 | | | | 1.2 | Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of a business | 1 | | LO2 | Understand different approaches to management and leadership | 2.1 | Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations | 2 | | | | 2.2 | Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management | 2 | | | | 2.3 | Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations | 2 | | Learner declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Student signature: Date: | In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment...
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...Challenges in Human Resource Development Practitioner Preparation Organisational learning and skill formation initiatives are increasingly being seen as contributing to the achievement of organisational competitiveness in the contemporary economy. As a result, the development of employees has become a more prominent organisational practice. Since Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioners are primarily responsible for employee development there is a need for them to become more highly skilled to ensure that their practice meets the changing needs of organisations. Formal educational programs in the practice of HRD provide a way of assisting practitioners to acquire the skills they now need for effective practice. The design of such programs, however, is problematic given the emergent and cross-disciplinary nature of the ® eld. This paper surfaces some of the challenges associated with program design for the development of HRD practitioners, drawing from discussions in, and pro® ling research from, the HRD literature. The ® nal section of the paper proposes several key areas that need to be addressed in preparatory programs for HRD practitioners. edged, for the purposes of this paper those working in organisations with positional labels including enterprise trainer, training of® cer, trainer and developer, learning strategist or consultant, performance developer, organisational developer and staff development of® cer are being collapsed into one occupational category...
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...Organisational control Control: track progress: -employees * Product * Strategies * Goals Control means reviewing, monitor, check * Managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organisation and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organisational goals. * Managers keep an organisation on track, anticipate events, and change the organisation to respond to opportunities and threats Control systems Flexible because environment change Timely manner: for eg a 6 weeks reviews: will track, check and have reviews * Control systems are formal, target-setting, monitoring, evaluation and feedback systems that provide managers with information about how well the organisation’s strategy and structure are working. * A good control system should: * be flexible so managers can respond as needed * provide accurate information about the organisation * provide information in a timely manner. Example: Bank Input: money, customers, employees Conversion; transaction:debit, deposit, others, loan Output: delivered service, customers staified/ unsatisfied. EG 2: Cars Input: equipment,machines, raw materials, skills, employees, funds Conversion: car assembled Output: car What is control in each part: Input; quality, quantity of raw materials Skills of employees Conversion: -going it in a right manner, time Output: number, did imet the demand, satisfied the customers ThThree types...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Organisational Culture 3 3.0 Theoretical Framework Used 5 4.0 Reason for Using Schein’s Framework 6 5.0 Analysis of Apple’s Workplace Design 8 6.0 Conclusion 11 7.0 References 13 8.0 Appendix 16 1.0 Introduction Apple Inc was found by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Apple is a successful and well-known company that designs, creates and produces consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Apple is also well recognised for the used of technology that is cutting edge and the innovation that take place on the products. Macintosh computers, iPhone, iPod and iPad are the best-known hardware products of Apple. As the slogan that used in the advertising in 1997, “Think Different” and Steve Job’s creativity and passion in making innovation and differentiate the products from competitors has been the culture of Apple. The leadership of Steven Jobs and the culture that embedded inside the company have drive the success of Apple and become the market leader. As culture informs success and leadership drives culture (Elliot, 2012). 2.0 Focus of Report on Culture on Organisation Practice Nowadays, it has been recognised that different organisations have distinctive culture that embedded in the organisation. Every organisation has the unique cultures that makes it different from the other organisation and give people a sense of direction in achieving the goal. Therefore, it is essential...
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...transferred to the American Hotel Chain. John Becker a man with a good history in organisational management became the General Manager. Becker introduced an empowerment strategy as an aspect that would increase employee motivation and satisfaction. The practice reduced the bureaucratic governance that was embedded in the past management. The employees were now able to get involved in decision making, creativity, and innovation. Interaction with top management was also encouraged. Becker's policy however did not improve the performance of the organisation, he spent a great deal of time solving employee problems, there was an increase in the number of complaints by customers and an increase in mistakes made by the employees. The performance of the organisation therefore deteriorated. Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance: Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance, Cultural factors, Communication factors, Staff performance: 1. Personality and organisational fit 2. Job design and role ambiguity 3. Espoused and enacted values Power hierarchy & decision making process 4. Stress 5. absenteeism, 6. high staff turnover and 7. Job satisfaction Major issues in the case: Major issues in the case Organisational change inadequately managed. • Following this, Becker did not employ a communication strategy that supported the dissimilarity between management and employees and their different cultures. • Unclear decision making process...
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...Dr Alf Crossman Organisational Behaviour Management Work 1 Key Areas of Focus • Division of Labour • Adam Smith • General Principles of Management • Scientific Management • Frederick Winslow Taylor Organisational Behaviour • Henri Fayol • Bureaucracy • Max Weber 2 Session Objectives • To explore the nature of classical organization theory • To become familiar with the key classical theorists’ work • To understand the principles and impact of: Organisational Behaviour • Bureaucracy • Management • To understand the principles and impact of: • Division of labour • Scientific management/Taylorism • Fordism • To explore the arguments surrounding ‘deskilling’ and labour process 3 The Obsession with Organization Before the factory system production took place primarily in cottages – the ‘putting out’ system and small workshops. Output was the main priority. Self-organization was the predominant approach. The introduction of the factory system introduced a new imperative – time. Time became a valuable resource and organization of labour became increasingly important Organisational Behaviour 4 Of the Division of Labour • Adam Smith – An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776 • Pin-making example • Division of Labour In an early chapter of his book, Smith observes: “One worker could probably make only twenty pins per day. However, if ten people divided up the eighteen steps required to make a pin...
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...The CIPD Profession Map Our Professional Standards Contents Introduction 2 The CIPD Profession Map 4–7 The design principles and architecture of the Profession Map 4 Bands and transitions 6 Professional areas 8–46 Professional area definitions 9 1 Insights, strategy and solutions 10 2 Leading HR 14 3 Organisation design 17 4 Organisation development 20 5 Resourcing and talent planning 23 6 Learning and development 26 7 Performance and reward 30 8 Employee engagement 33 9 Employee relations 36 39 10 Service delivery and information Behaviours 42–51 The Profession Map behaviours 43 Curious 44 Decisive thinker 45 Skilled influencer 46 Personally credible 47 Collaborative 48 Driven to deliver 49 Courage to challenge 50 Role model 51 1 Profession Map – Our Professional Standards V2.4 Introduction The CIPD Profession Map sets out standards for HR professionals around the world: the activities, knowledge and behaviours needed for success. Use the standards in the CIPD Profession Map for you and your organisation to: • define great HR • diagnose areas of success and improvement • build HR capability • recognise achievement through professional qualifications and membership. By the profession, for the profession ...
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...5 HND Diploma Business | Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour | Student name | Assessor name | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 11th March 2013 | 4th April 2013 | | Assignment title | OB1: Culture and Management Style (1 of 3) | Learning Outcome | Learning outcome | Assessment Criteria | In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: | Task no. | Evidence (Page no) | LO1 | Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture | 1.1 | Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture | 1 | | 1.2 | Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of a business | 1 | | LO2 | Understand different approaches to management and leadership | 2.1 | Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations | 2 | | 2.2 | Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management | 2 | | 2.3 | Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations | 2 | | Learner declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Student signature: Date: | In addition to the above PASS criteria...
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...number and title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business | Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour | Student Name | Assessor Name | | Ms. Sonam Mehta | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 7th February 2014 | 17th April 2014 | | | Assignment title | Comparative study of Organisational Behaviour of two chosen organisations | LearningOutcome | Assessment Criteria | In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: | Task no. | Evidence(page nos.) | LO1Understand the relationshipbetween organisationalstructure and culture | 1.1 | compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture | 1 | | | 1.2 | explain the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business | 1 | | | 1.3 | discuss the factors that affect individual behaviour at work | 2 | | LO2 Understand differentapproaches to managementand leadership | 2.1 | compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations | 3 | | | 2.2 | explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management | 3 | | | 2.3 | evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations | 3 | | LO3 Understand ways of usingmotivational theories inorganisations | 3.1 | discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change | 4 | | | 3.2 | compare the application of different motivational...
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...INTF 355 International Technology Management Course Book: Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 5.th Ed Learning objectives and Some Discussion Questions for Mid Term Exam • Recognise the importance of innovation • Explain the meaning and nature of innovation management • Provide an introduction to a management approach to innovation • Appreciate the complex nature of the management of innovation within organisations • Describe the changing views of innovation over time • Recognise the role of key individuals within the process • Recognise the need to view innovation as a management process. Discussion questions A number of chapters have several Pause for thought questions to help the student reflect on what they have just read to check their understanding. Examples: Not all firms develop innovative new products, but they still seem to survive. Do they thrive? This question attempts to get the students to recognise that while innovation is important it is possible to survive especially in the short term by focusing on traditional concerns such as minimising costs and generating sales. In the longer term, however, few firms will survive for long without the need to change; and that means introducing new ways of working and new products and services. If two different firms, similar in size, operating in the same industry spend the same on R&D, will their level of innovation be the...
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