...Project management and 21st century organizations Chapter 19 discusses the importance of project failure and how to successfully manage them in order to avoid this. It also identifies the different kinds of outsourcing. Chapter 20 goes on to discuss how technology has affected the business world and explains ways to develop a 21st century organization. Often times a business will lose time and money due to the lack or poor use of project management; however, if it is correctly utilized, project management will ensure that an organization successfully completes projects on time, within budget, and with minimal disruptions. Project management can be used in all departments (sales, marketing, accounting, etc.) and the benefits are categorized by being either tangible or intangible. Tangible benefits are measured in monetary terms. They include things such as increased productivity, increased response time, decrease in costs. Intangible are not measured monetarily but they still have a substantial impact on the business. Examples are facilitation of strategic planning, improved customer response, improved decision making. Feasibility analyzes the company’s ability to successfully complete a project. This allows managers to examine possible outcomes, both negative and positive, of a project before investing too much time and money in it. All projects are constricted by the interdependent variables time, cost, and scope. Change to one variable will affect either one or both of...
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...influential is Scientific Management in 21st Century? Please note: The referencing system used in this essay is NOT the Harvard System and therefore INCORRECT practice. Please ignore this style of referencing, the essay is shown as a model of good practice only re structure and analysis. How influential is scientific management in the 21st century? 1. Scientific management was originally developed in the 1800s by an economist, Adam Smith. He was interested in a factory that operated and produced pins, and through the breaking down of tasks e.g. division of labour he increased output from 20 pins per employee per day to 4,800 pins. However the greatest break through in scientific management came in the 1900s during the peak of the industrial revolution, and due to the emergence of the factory system more attention was being given to methods or factors that could contribute towards increasing output levels. It was here that Frederick Taylor began his studies into this field and his ideas were later furthered by individuals such as Gilbreth and Gantt. Despite each individual having a significant input into the study of scientific management Taylor was widely regarded as the ‘Father of Scientific Management’ and hence the term ‘Taylorism’ being introduced. 2. Technically Scientific Management is the “management thought concerned primarily with the physical efficiency of an individual worker”[1]. However George Ritzer defined Scientific Management as a procedure that...
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...Hamel’s Reinventing Management for the 21st Century Gary Hamel, an author, entrepreneur, and an influential business management expert, talked about Reinventing Management for the 21st Century- building organizations that are both fit for the future and for human beings. According to Hamel, management is the single, most important invention of the last 200 years. For him, these management tools, principles, and methods are outdated and it needs to be reinvented because organizations are facing new sets of challenges that the old management cannot address. He proceeded to naming the challenges, such as 1) Accelerated rate of change, 2) Hyper competition, and 3) Knowledge as a commodity. He, then, offered “rules” as to how to innovate management in order to keep track with the current challenges. Hamel talked about aiming high and start working, challenging the dogma, and learning from the fringe. He ended his talk with a positive motivational thought that people should not underestimate themselves for human beings are adaptable and resilient. When you think about it, management has come a long way since the ancient era. From the time of Aristotle, who had laid the foundation for many management concepts, to medieval European guilds that functioned as modern-day quality control to ensure fine craftsmanship- the act of planning, organizing, and motivating resources was modified and adapted into what we know as management today. With the help of many modern management contributors...
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...Introduction to management Barak Remalli DATE \@ "d MMMM y" 9 April 2015 “Are idea’s such as mutualism and industrial democracy of relevance to the 21st Century business management?” The world as we know it today is in constant advancement of technology and knowledge. In result, economists have developed a myriad of theories that have shaped and changed the way we manage people, time and resources. Organisation theorists such Russell Ackoff, Warren Bennis & Chris Argyris have been advocating the need for a more ‘free-form, humanistic, and democratic organisation’ (Nodoushani & Nodoushani para. 23), whereas theorists with the names of Henry Ford and Frederick W. Taylor oppose such notions. Some theories stand true and thrive in today’s economy, while others have faded as time has progressed. However, are ideas such as mutualism and industrial democracy of relevance to the twenty first Century business management? Is there still social and economic inequality? Or do citizens have natural rights to liberty, justice and property? Perhaps these ideas may have been diminished with time? This paper argues that the business management has had a major shift in its structure due to the concepts and influences of mutualism and industrial democracy. Although these ideas may not be prevalent in its purest form, there have been major refinements in the structuring of management in twenty first century, including the focus on de-layering and a more co-operative environment....
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...in Management of Agribusiness in the 21st century with respect to technology and their effects on Globalization By Christine Owondo e-mail - ch_owondo@yahoo.com Box 50685 – 00100 Nairobi -Kenya Date - 17th May, 2012 Q1. Discuss the current trends in management of Agribusiness in the 21st century with respect to technology and its effects on Globalization. The 21st century has widely been referred to as the “technology era”, largely due to changing trends in technology. New developments in agribusiness have emerged which have entirely transformed, not only the agricultural sector but the entire business environment. These include areas such as management and leadership, technology, changes in the environmental factors – ecological factors and the like. Traditionally management was viewed as an insignificant part of the organizational structure. Decision makers in the 21st century are more aware of the need to utilize resources more efficiently, both Human and non-human. In both cases there has been an improvement from the old to current. In management Managers had adopted a dictatorial rather autoritarian kind of leadership to achieve goals, mainly preferring a top down approach to work, resulting in high staff turnover and employee dissatisfaction. Decision making was less participatory. In the 21st century, the tall structure has been flattened so that bureaucracy is reduced. There is a more participatory approach to management where...
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...Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches in the 21st century Authored by: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Submited to: Mr. Tran Quoc Trung Foreign Trade University Submission date: May 22, 2015 The development of management in the 21st century is seen as the result of a process of change from the past. Managemant specific to the driver and guide all parts of an organization, usually economic organizations, through the establishment and change of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual real and intangible value). Surely, the managers always hoped that they could find the appropriate management approach and effective to increase work efficiency, labor productivity, as well as enable them to easily manage job and humans. The birth of the company from the years of 1780s to mid 1800s has created a significant influences on management, making it became a necessary element for the survival of a company. However, until the start of the 20th century, the knowledge of management was unified, development and transmission. Early 20th century, writers management called Mary Parker Follett defines management as "the art of getting the work done by others.". Since then, there have been many management methods and the human approach were launched, which included: Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches. The founding father of Scientific Management is Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856 – 1915). He came from a mechanic in the US, who has made the positions as foreman, chief...
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...Name: Trương Quỳnh Trang Class: K52_BFA Student ID: 1301BF5901 17/5/2015 Are scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organization of the 21st century? Scientific management and human relations approaches had been a well-known and well-used in business management in the 1900s. It is, however, still a question whether or not those methods are applicable to organization of the 21st century. Some opinions stated that these practices are still appropriate for organizations nowadays due to the benefits and effectiveness they brought to the organization, while other people based on the grounds of different features between recent organizations and organizations of decades ago to disregard the effectiveness of any of management theories from the 20th century. Therefore, the main focus of this essay will be demonstrating the illustration of some principles of scientific management and human relations approaches, comparison between them and writer’s personal view of their capabilities to determine whether or not they are still suitable for the modern organization. Even nowadays, it is no difficult to find examples of Scientific Management, for instance the car and computer manufacturing plants, work environment and anywhere that required a strict and accurate function to serve men. In fact, these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they...
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...‘Building a durable corporation requires long-term goals as well as rules to channel investments and - initiatives toward the achievement of these goals. These rules- which I will call “strategy”- have several dimensions. A strategy defines in broad terms where and how the firm will seek to add value, the opportunities it will pursue, the breadth and attributes of the firm’s product lines, its pricing policies, distribution channels, technologies, R & D efforts, and so on.’ (Amar V., 2000 pg 265). ‘Broadly, strategies encompass the set of approaches that the company will use to achieve its objectives’ (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006 pg 49) A well defined strategy should therefore integrate decisions about; scope of the business, objectives, resource allocation, developing sustainable differential advantage and synergy. The importance of strategy in the achievement of business goals cannot therefore be over emphasized judging from the above features. Split into corporate and competitive strategies, the former determines the scale and scope of the business while the later determines the sustainability of the company in the ever dynamic and competitive business environment. Whether inward out (resource based) or outward in (market based), competitive strategy is cardinal to the continued existence if the firm. Since successful strategies are those which adapt firms to the opportunities and threats in their markets/environments and which develop their internal capabilities...
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...addition to this, the company has an employee base of over 87,000. My role in the company is an assistant consultant that is in charge of communications and management. Since its inception, the company has utilized a management style referred to as Taylorism. With this approach, the company has always utilized the best way principle which means that decision making is a purview of top management, each job is performed through a standard method, employees work on a function based on experience and knowledge and workers are trained a standard operational method. This management technique was introduced in the 1900s and the company has made little changes to fit into the changing market which has giving its competitors a cutting edge. The paper will analyze the company’s management approach, its efficiency in the current market and if there is need to change the approach in a bid to fit in. Problem Statement With major shifts in management approaches to incorporate among other things technology and market dynamics, is it possible for Shell to remain as a relevant company with its century long approach? This question is best answered after analyzing the company’s revenues in the past ten years relative to that of its competitors, its recent expansions, among other variables. If this approach is workable in the 21st century, how can it be made better to fit into the aforementioned dynamics? A proposed change would be incorporating a neo-democratic approach that is flexible to...
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...RENAISSANCE LEADERSHIP Transforming Leadership for the 21st Century J. Martin Hays and Choule Youn Kim THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Key Words: |Leadership |Management Education |Future Trends | |Leadership Development |The New Millennium |Leadership Competencies | ABSTRACT Conventional leaders and leadership of the past are insufficient to meet the demands of the 21st Century. As we enter the new millennium, our world is characterised by unprecedented complexity, paradox, and unpredictability. Change is rapid and relentless. Today’s leaders face demands unlike any ever before faced. Standard leadership approaches that have served us well throughout much of history are quickly becoming liabilities. Conventional wisdom regarding leadership and many of its habits must be unlearned. The strong, decisive, charismatic, and independent leader and leadership we have idealised, strived to be, depended upon, and longed for may prove counter-productive in the new millennium and undermine a sustainable future. The challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century call for a new type of leader and leadership, indeed an entirely new and different way of thinking about leadership and of developing future leaders. This paper explores the nature of the nascent millennium and the leader and leadership qualities and capabilities...
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...Organization and Management of a Health Care Facility I am proud to introduce the leadership team of 21st Century Solutions Health Care Hospital. 21st Century Hospital is part of the World One Health System which includes numerous hospitals and clinics throughout the state. Our leadership team consists of 16 highly educated individuals with varying backgrounds. Each member is well experienced and well respected in each of their particular fields of expertise. I feel privileged to work with so many outstanding individuals. First we have our President of the hospital. This individual is our chief operating officer. He is in charge of all operations here at 21st Century hospital and the six outlying clinics. He oversees about 5,600 coworkers. He has a BS in business and has earned a MBA. Our COO has served as senior vice president of operations and ambulatory services where he managed several different areas including ambulatory care, cardiac care and physicians’ services. Under his skillful leadership, we have constructed several new health complexes, a surgical center and sleep center. He has been able to add more than 100 new physicians. Next we have our Vice President of Medical Affairs. This person services as the Chief Medical Officer/Chief Medical Information Officer. This officer is a seasoned MD and is mainly responsible for the medical staff, quality programs and regulatory compliance. Our Vice President of Surgical Services is responsible...
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...Framework for 21st Century Learning The Partnership for 21st Century Skills has developed a vision for student success in the new global economy. 21st Century Student Outcomes and Support Systems 21ST CENTURY STUDENT OUTCOMES To help practitioners integrate skills into the teaching of core academic subjects, the Partnership has developed a unified, collective vision for learning known as the Framework for 21st Century Learning. This Framework describes the skills, knowledge and expertise students must master to succeed in work and life; it is a blend of content knowledge, specific skills, expertise and literacies. Every 21st century skills implementation requires the development of core academic subject knowledge and understanding among all students. Those who can think critically and communicate effectively must build on a base of core academic subject knowledge. Within the context of core knowledge instruction, students must also learn the essential skills for success in today’s world, such as critical thinking, problem solving, communication and collaboration. When a school or district builds on this foundation, combining the entire Framework with the necessary support systems—standards, assessments, curriculum and instruction, professional development and learning environments—students are more engaged in the learning process and graduate better prepared to thrive in today’s global economy. Publication date: 12/09 177 N. Church Avenue, Suite 305 Tucson, AZ 85701 ...
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...Theoretical or Conceptual Framework Cultural Diversity within the 21st Century Workplace and Its Effect on Globalization Conceptual Framework This qualitative phenomenological study was based on the aspects of the conceptual framework which incorporates two areas of knowledge, inclusive of (a) cultural diversity, which details the relationship between ethnic background, racism, sexism, and class oppression (Finch-Lee & Mabey, 2010) and (b) the glass ceiling theory, which applies to the affect on various cultural backgrounds and the advancement of future globalization (Kefela, 2010). This framework will provide an empirical structure that will serve as an analysis for the understanding of perceived cultural dimension as seen by a diverse knowledge-based workplace within the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethnic or racial diversity as it relates to the 21st century organizational workplace and the outcome on future globalization. Opportunities to advance within the 21st century workplace for qualified employees of various cultural background has presented to being more difficult and often those who progress are less experienced and are the majority counterparts within the organization (Kefela 2010). Traditionally, managerial practices and problems have been articulated and documented from the White man’s perspective (Billing, 2011). Perceived cultural dimension consists on how employee view the...
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...It is not difficult to find examples of Scientific Management in the 21st Century; the car and computer manufacturing plants, the work environments we go to everyday, the hospitals we are treated in and even some of the restaurants we might eat in, - almost all of them function more efficiently due to the application of Scientific Management. In fact, these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they were revolutionary only 100 years ago. Although Scientific Management does play an important role in the 21st century, it is necessary to note that this method of management contains weaknesses that limit its influence in current work environments, and consequently not all of its tenants are applicable to modern organizations. Scientific Management is perhaps best seen as an evolutionary stage in management ever developing history. This essay will attempt to highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of Scientific Management in context of the 21st century through examination of its application in several modern organizations. Scientific Management was developed in the first quarter of the 20th Century; its father is commonly accepted to be F.W. Taylor, although some variations of the theory have been developed by Gantt and Gilbreth. Taylor recognized labor productivity was largely inefficient due to a workforce that functioned by “rules of thumb,” and a mentality that equated increased...
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...FY 2002 Annual Performance Plan Table of Contents 1. Introduction The 1913 Act that created the Department of Labor (DOL) stated that its purpose "... shall be to foster, promote and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment." While this statement is as true today as it was 88 years ago, our vision has matured as the Department has addressed changing economies and a diversified workforce. Today, the Department must ensure that the 21st century workforce is prepared to face the 21st century economy with hope--by equipping all workers with the skills to reach their aspirations. As we respond to the challenges of the changing economy, the Department's first responsibility will continue to be the protection of workers by enforcing the Nation's labor laws: * to ensure the safety of every workplace, * to guarantee an honest day's pay for an honest day's work, * to stop discrimination, * to protect workers from coercion and intimidation, and * to safeguard the pension of every American worker and retiree. The Department will emphasize prevention and compliance assistance--to protect workers before they are harmed physically or economically. Consistent with the Department's commitment to enforcement, we will work together with employers on better prevention strategies, avoiding whenever possible the loss of life, health or economic well-being...
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