...Vienna, Austria oBjective: During the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100% prevalence in many countries of the world. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding responsible for reduced or increased risk estimates. data sources: Overall, I identified 33 epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature, most of which (25) were about brain tumors. Two groups have collected data for ≥ 10 years of mobile phone use: Hardell and colleagues from Sweden and the Interphone group, an international consortium from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. data synthesis: Combined odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) from these studies for glioma, acoustic neuroma, and meningioma were 1.5 (1.2–1.8); 1.3 (0.95–1.9); and 1.1 (0.8–1.4), respectively. conclusions: Methodologic considerations revealed that three important conditions for epidemiologic studies to detect an increased risk are not met: a) no evidence-based exposure metric is available; b) the observed duration of mobile phone use is generally still too low; c) no evidence-based selection of end points among the grossly different types of neoplasias is possible because of lack of etiologic hypotheses. Concerning risk estimates, selection bias, misclassification bias, and effects of the disease on mobile phone use could have reduced...
Words: 12276 - Pages: 50
...Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1673 - 1686, 2005 EVALUATION OF THE DECENTRALIZED PLANT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN THE LOGISTICS OF THAI CEMENT Pairoj RAOTHANACHONKUN Graduate Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan Fax: +81-258-47-9650 E-mail: pairoj@stn.nagaokaut.ac.jp Shinya HANAOKA Assistant Professor Transportation Engineering School of Civil Engineering Asian Institute of Technology P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand Fax: +66-2-524-5509 E-mail: hanaoka@ait.ac.th Abstract: Siam Cement Public Company Limited (SCC) faced stiff competition after the economic crisis in 1997, decided to close most of their warehouses for the change of logistics system. SCC presently operates five cement plants located whole regions in Thailand with except of the northeast region where three warehouses are still operated. This plant distribution system can be called the decentralized plant distribution system. Which plant distribution system is more efficient for SCC as the logistics strategy between centralized and decentralized? Based on this background, total logistics costs of both systems are formulated and calculated. In addition, the locations of a single warehouse without plant operation are evaluated using linear programming to minimize total logistics costs, which calculated with and without environmental cost...
Words: 5140 - Pages: 21
...REFERENCES Bajekal, M. (2004). Ethnic differences in influences on quality of life at older ages. Cambridge University Press, doi: 10.1017/S0144686X04002533 Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 75(3), 219-228. Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Tourists' characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: A quantitative analysis-A case study of Lanzarote, Spain Tourism Management, 25(5), 623-636. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.06.004 Cain, S. (2005). Disney effect. Orange County Business Journal, 25(13), 1, 61-62. Hsu, Che Wei (2011). Motivation of people who visit disneyland, Master’s Thesis of behavioral sciences, recreation and tourism, California State University, Long beach Crandall, R. (1980). Motivations for leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 45-54. Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research,6(4), 408-424. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5 Crompton, J. L., & Mac Kay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 425-439. doi:10.1016/S0160- 7383(97) 80010-2. Dann, G. M. S. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8 Dann, G M. S. (1981). Tourism motivation: an appraisal...
Words: 1112 - Pages: 5
...J O U R N A L O F M A T E R I A L S S C I E N C E 3 4 (1 9 9 9 ) 4995 – 5004 Tribological behaviour and acoustic emissions of alumina, silicon nitride and SAE52100 under dry sliding H. S. BENABDALLAH, R. J. BONESS Department of Mechanical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000 Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 7B4 E-mail: benabdallah-h@rmc.ca The friction, wear and acoustic emission behaviour of various combinations of alumina, silicon nitride, and SAE52100 steel, operating under dry sliding conditions, was investigated. A designed ball-on-flat-disc type of tribometer was used to conduct these experiments. This apparatus, equipped with a force sensor, using silicon strain gauges, measured simultaneously the normal load and friction force. Both forces were used to determine the real-time value of the dynamic coefficient of friction. The AE signal arising from the interaction of the surfaces in dynamic contact was also detected and a data acquisition system was used to gather this signal as well as the outputs from the force sensor, at high frequency. The effects of test duration, sliding speed and normal load on the above mentioned tribological parameters were evaluated. The interest of this study further extended to assess the correlations that may exist between the integrated rms acoustic signal (AE) and the friction mechanisms, wear volume, friction work as well as the material removal power. Under the specific conditions of the present experiments...
Words: 6799 - Pages: 28
...Research on Educational Impact of Games A Literature Review Institute for Games for Learning NYU Education/Assessment Group CUNY Education/Assessment Group White Paper # 02/2009 Version 0.1 June 25, 2009 Florrie Ng Helen Zeng Jan L. Plass Gaming Literature Coding In response to researchers’ calls for more systematic investigations of the use of games for learning, we conducted an extensive literature review on this topic. By surveying prior research, we examined the themes that emerged, the methodology employed, and the findings yielded, the ultimate goal being to identify knowledge gaps in the literature. To this end, we reviewed the relevant research conducted in the last 15 years by following the procedures outlined below. (a) Using the widely used social science database PsycINFO, we searched for articles which focused on both games and learning. The keywords chosen were “gam*” and either “learn*”, “teach*”, or “educat*” (the wildcard * can stand for any of a defined subset of all possible characters; for example “gam*” includes “game,” “games,” “gaming,” etc.). This generated about 4000 peer-reviewed articles from the earliest date (i.e., before 1960) to the end of 2008. (b) Given that studies conducted a decade ago tended to be less rigorous methodologically or yield obsolete results, we decided to focus our attention on more recent research. Once we narrowed down the time period to the years of 1995 to 2008, about 2400 peer-reviewed articles were left in the...
Words: 6821 - Pages: 28
...Since the late 1970s, many studies have reported on the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome ( FAS) , alcohol-related birth defects ( ARBD) , and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND) . The three main types of research methods used in these studies are passive surveillance, clinic-based studies, and active case ascertainment. This article describes each of these methods, including their strengths and weaknesses, and summarizes the estimated prevalence of FAS produced by each of these approaches. The maternal risk factors associated with FAS and other alcohol-related anomalies include advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic status, frequent binge drinking, family and friends with drinking problems, and poor social and psychological indicators. Overall, the available literature points to a prevalence rate of FAS of 0.5 to 2 cases per 1,000 births in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. KEY WORDS: fetal alcohol syndrome; prevalence; epidemiological indicators; alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder; birth defects; statistical estimation; data collection; clinical aspects; population dynamics; risk factors; research in practice; research quality Establishing the prevalence 1 (1 See the sidebar on page 160 for the definition of prevalence as it is used in this article.) and other epidemiological characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome ( FAS) , alcohol-related birth defects ( ARBD) , and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder ( ARND) 2 (2 FAS is...
Words: 7781 - Pages: 32
...------------------------------------------------- kBMS0044 ------------------------------------------------- Principles of Risk Assignment One: Risk Map and Risk Plan/Register Assignment November 2010 Outline Brief The basis of this assignment is for you to undertake an initial risk identification analysis of some significant area of a business operation OR environmental setting/issue, with the aim of producing a summary risk map and related risk plan/register. This will require you to consider for your chosen focus of study what might be key (primary) risks, how those risks may be appropriately classified and how their potential impact and likelihood might be assessed and evaluated in an objective way. The final submission will take the form of a graphical risk map (matrix) and a tabulated risk plan/register. The latter should provide for a contextualised review of the key risks, the rationale for their inclusion and for the risk assessment that you have ascribed to each risk listed. The risk map and plan are not required to show risk management responses. This assignment is worth 50% of the overall module assessment, and a guideline of 2,500 words is provided for the written (risk plan) element. Tasks within this brief: 1. Identify a suitably focussed business activity or environmental issue on which to base this assignment; 2. Identify potential risk identification and assessment techniques, and their potential limitations within...
Words: 3683 - Pages: 15
...08894906/97 $17.00+0.00 PIh S0889-4906(90)00019-1 T h e M e d i c a l R e s e a r c h Paper: S t r u c t u r e and Functions K evin Ngozi N w o g u A bstract--Studies i nto the organization of information in the medical research p aper have tended to present accounts of the structure of information in s ections in isolation. The structure of information in all sections of the medical r esearch paper was investigated using Swales' (1981, 1990) genre-analysis m odel. An eleven-move schema was identified, out of which nine were found t o be "normally required" and two "optional". Each schema was found to e mbody "constituent elements" and to be characterized by distinct linguistic f eatures. The study provides insights into the nature of discourse organization in this genre of written discourse. © 1997 The American University. Published b y Elsevier Science Ltd I ntroduction A s with most experimental research reports, the medical research paper is a highly technical form with a standard format for the presentation of i nformation. This format is the division of the paper into "Introduction, M ethods, Results and Discussion" - - the traditional IMRD sections of the r esearch paper. M ost research article writers are familiar with the IMRD format, but not all are conscious of the fact that there exists an internal ordering of the i nformation presented in the various sections of the research article. This l ack of awareness may account partly for the difficulty...
Words: 9805 - Pages: 40
...Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in Critical Care units. VAP is linked with high mortality rates, increased hospital stays, longer mechanical ventilation and increased costs to hospitals and patients (Rosa, Hernandez, Carillo, Fernandez, & Valles, 2012). Patients who have an endotracheal tube (ETT) with mechanical ventilation are more likely to develop VAP. These patients have a poor cough reflex due to a decreased level of consciousness and diminished movement of the respiratory tract mucocila, leading to the inability to clear secretions. These contaminated secretions will then sit on top of the ETT cuff and eventually leak down and invade the lungs. Also aiding as a reservoir for microbes is a biofilm that can form on the ETT and enter the lungs causing infection (Mietto, Pinciroli, Patel, & Berra, 2013). Nurses are responsible for applying pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to help prevent VAP which poses a very difficult challenge. Nurses must research and incorporate the use of evidence-based practice into their daily care of patients on mechanical ventilation (Sedwick, Lance-Smith, & Nardi, 2012). This paper will look closely at the evidence-based research and protocols implemented which best prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. To help prevent further complications and improve outcomes in patients...
Words: 2122 - Pages: 9
...Results were expressed in mean ± SD. Probability values of P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. R2 value represents the correlation between the biological parameters. VI. RESULTS The study was conducted on acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to the ICCU of MGM Hospital, Warangal. Sample Description The study groups included 50 patients of acute myocardial infarction in which 32 patients are AMI, 4 patients are AMI with Diabetes mellitus, 8 patients are AMI with Hypertension and 6 patients are AMI with Diabetes and Hypertension respectively. Hence AMI patients (n=32) with no co morbidities were included in the study with a mean age of 54.03 ±13.30 years. The gender distribution was found to be 24 males and 8 females. The control group consisted of 27 males and 5 females with a mean age 52.28 ± 14.14 years. Blood Pressure Systolic (‘p’ value 0.0875) and diastolic blood pressure (‘p’ value 0.1247) was significantly high in AMI as compared with control. The age and gender distribution are presented in Table 1. Age in years Control (n=32) AMI (n=32) Male Female Male...
Words: 1917 - Pages: 8
...dosing advertising Shari R. Veil ∗ , Michael L. Kent 1 Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Oklahoma, 395 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73019, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Issues management developed as a long-term process interested in the continued health and success of organizations. This essay presents a contemporary issues management case that uses inoculation and a priori solutions as issues management tactics. The case study involving Johnson & Johnson’s responsible dosing campaign demonstrates that organizations perceived to have a high standard of corporate social responsibility are not above using deceptive tactics to protect their brand. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 29 April 2008 Received in revised form 11 July 2008 Accepted 28 August 2008 Keywords: Issues management Corporate social responsibility Inoculation Crisis communication Public relations practitioners increasingly need to serve as ethical counselors to the dominant coalition (Health, 1994) and as the ethical conscience of the organization (Ryan & Martinson, 1983; Wright, 1996). Despite the role of issues management in guiding ethical decision making (Bowen, 2005), some communication campaigns have suspended organizational ethics to manipulate public perception. This essay examines the misuse of issues management through a contemporary issues management case study involving Johnson & Johnson’s responsible...
Words: 2818 - Pages: 12
...This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Asymmetric Information, Corporate Finance, and Investment Volume Author/Editor: R. Glenn Hubbard, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press, 1990 Volume ISBN: 0-226-35585-3 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/glen90-1 Conference Date: May 5, 1989 Publication Date: January 1990 Chapter Title: Investment, Financial Factors, and Cash Flow: Evidence from U.K. Panel Data Chapter Author: Michael Devereux, Fabio Schiantarelli Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11476 Chapter pages in book: (p. 279 - 306) 11 Investment, Financial Factors, and Cash Row: Evidence from U.K. Panel Data Michael Devereux and Fabio Schiantarelli 11.1 Introduction Most empirical models of company investment rely on the assumption of perfect capital markets. One implication of this assumption is that, in a world without taxes, firms are indifferent to funding their investment programs from internal or external funds. However, there is a rapidly growing body of literature examining the possible existence of imperfections in capital markets and their effects on firms' financial and real decisions. In this paper we provide some econometric evidence on the impact of financial factors like cash flow, debt, and stock measures of liquidity on the investment decisions of U.K. firms. These variables are introduced via an extension of the Q model of investment, which...
Words: 5150 - Pages: 21
...CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT Length: 1,500 – 2,200 words You must use in-text referencing You must provide a reference list, formatted in Harvard Style, at the end of your assignment You must use a minimum of five references The references are giving with the questions Purpose: shows capacity to apply, the course concepts to real world cases. Increasingly, workplaces are looking for employees who can add value by providing insightful understandings about ways in which the organization can identify risks and respond to opportunities. PLEASE NOTE: YOU WILL BE REWARDED FOR ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS, NOT FOR COPYING AND PASTING! Marks are allocated to insightful answers, not to the number of words in an answer. If you, for instance, copy and paste a one page summary of Kouzes and Posner’s five leadership practices, that will not earn you a single mark because that does not demonstrate any understanding of those five practices. You will not be asked ‘memory’ questions such as “What are the five key leadership practices of Kouzes and Posner?” Nor will you be asked: “What are the four quadrants of the CVF?” Nor will you be asked: “What are the four primary practices of the 4+2 formula?” Instead, you will be expected to know the answers to such questions and USE that knowledge to answer the case study questions. Please make sure that: • The wording is admirably clear and fluent. • The level of expression would greatly impress if it was read as an example of your writing by a potential...
Words: 679 - Pages: 3
...YORK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies School of Administrative Studies AP/ADMS 3300 Section “A” - Decision Analysis Fall 2014 Assignment #2 Submitted to Course Director: S. Abdullah | | |Personal Statement | | | | | |I/we, the undersigned: | |• warrant that the work submitted herein is our/my work and not the work of others • acknowledge that we/I have read and understood the | |Senate Policy on Academic | |Honesty | |• acknowledge...
Words: 2274 - Pages: 10
...Marketing a n d t h e Disclosure of Information 339 CASE 5. Kraft Foods Inc.: The Cost of Advertising on Children's Waistlines The room fell silent as Dr. Ellen Wartella, Dean of the College of Communications at the Univeristy of Texas at Austin, gave Kraft executives her opinions on a presentation they had just made regarding Kraft and advertising to children. Wartella characterized Kraft's online marketing as "indefensible" and concluded that Kraft's claim that it was not advertising to children under the age of six was "at best disingenuous and at worst a downright lie."1 The executives in the room were visibly shaken by her comments. In late 2003, Kraft formed the Worldwide Health & Wellness Advisory Council, comprising 10 nutritionists and media experts, including Wartella, to investigate allegations that Kraft had been knowingly advertising unhealthy foods and to help address the rise in obesity, among other health issues. The pressure for Kraft to review its advertising policies came amidst increasing criticism from congressional panels, parent groups and other concerned citizens, that food corporations, such as Kraft Foods and McDonald's Corporation, have been knowingly targeting young children (up to age 12) in their advertising campaigns. The concern surrounding childhood obesity stems from statistics showing a 200 percent increase in childhood obesity since the 1980s. Between the 1960s and the 1980s, the percentage of overweight children hovered around 6 percent...
Words: 4252 - Pages: 18
