...1. Why are Microsoft, Intel, and other leading for profit companies interested in low-cost computers for the developing world? In 2005, Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Labs, announced the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program at the World Economic Forum. The concept was simple and appealing. Innovate a $100 laptop and distribute it to children in the developing world. No one can argue the power of getting kids access to computers/internet, and hence, access to a virtually limitless store of information, connectivity to the world and educational software. And for a technology optimist like Negroponte, the payoffs were obvious. But as the OLPC program has found out over the years, there is more to the success of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Education, than just handing out computers to kids, and expect it to works its magic on its own. To begin with, the premises and approach of OLPC program as articulated by Negroponte are fundamentally flawed. OLPC stipulates that laptops be owned by children over the age of six rather than by schools. Efforts to reform curricula and assessment are viewed by the program as too slow or expensive, and teacher training as of limited value due to teacher absenteeism and incompetence, so laptop implementation must proceed without them. The program also believes that in the end, "the students will teach themselves on how to use the laptop. They'll teach one another, and we have confidence in the kids' ability...
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...Technology or business practices used to augment the solution for one laptop per child: While now costing $200 per laptop, the OLPC XO-1 contains an impressive array of technology Advances that are not found in the most expensive commercial laptops. Each advance is Tweaked to facilitate the constructionist goal of children’s collaborative learning. Sugar Learning Platform The laptop user interface, the software that children navigate to interact with the computer is called Sugar. It doesn’t look like Microsoft Windows, Apple OSX, or any flavor of Linux, but it is Open Source software, where any user can customize the code. based on the Linux operating system, Sugar’s every aspect is designed to encourage collaboration. It starts with a circle of activities, not programs, and promotes the sharing of the activities both online and through the physical interaction a child has with the computer. Take the classic computer game Tetris. Sugarized, for the XO-1, it is now called Block Party, a collaborative spatial manipulation learning tool where multiple Players work in concert to place irregular-sized blocks in congruent, solid lines. Mesh Networking To facilitate this constant collaboration, OLPC is implementing a new wireless Internet protocol called 802.11s, which allows each XO-1 to directly and instantly connect with another. This mesh network eliminates the need for a traditional central computer router each laptop automatically becomes a router - and...
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...physiology of the typical female gymnast became younger and smaller. As 1972 was at the height of the cold war, Korbut who was introduced to president Nixon told the press that Nixon credited her with doing more for East/West diplomacy than years of diplomatic meetings were able to achieve. Images of the emotional pig-tailed, Russian pixie humanized western conceptions of a stoic, cold, and faceless Russia. Subsequently, in 1976, 14-year-old Romanian Nadia Comaneci was the first Olympian to receive a perfect score of 10.0 in the Olympic games. Nadia scored a perfect 10.0 seven times during the games and received 3 gold medals. In recent years, American women have taken the spotlight away from the eastern Europeans with stars including Mary Lou Retton, Kerry Strugg, Shawn Johnson, Nastia Luikin, Gabby Douglas, (and my teammate) Aly Raisman. Arguably, the U.S.A has become the focal point of the sport. It will be interesting to see how the sport changes and how up and coming athletes will continue to challenge the existing...
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... 1 Factors determining citizenship: - Parents are citizens -Born within a county -Marriage to a citizen -Naturalization 2 History * 2.1 Polis citizenship * 2.2 Roman ideas of citizenship * 2.3 Middle Ages * 2.4 Renaissance * 2.5 Modern times 3 Different senses of citizenship -International citizenship -Commonwealth citizenship -European Union citizenship -Subnational citizenship Citizenship education * United Kingdom * Ireland citizenship in Bangladesh CITIZENSHIP: Citizenship laws are based upon the Bangladesh Citizenship Order dated 1972. Questions concerning persons born before March 26, 1971, should be directed to the Bangladesh Embassy. (UKC-Commonwealth Nation) BY BIRTH: Birth within the territory of Bangladesh does not automatically confer citizenship. Only persons born before March 26, 1971 would be deemed Bangladesh citizens by birth. BY DESCENT: Rules stated below apply to persons born after March 26, 1971. Child born of a Bangladesh father, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child whose grandfather was a citizen of Bangladesh, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child born of a Bangladesh mother and an unknown or stateless father, regardless of the child's country of birth. OTHER: Person who was a permanent resident of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971, is granted citizenship, unless disqualified by law at that time. BY NATURALIZATION: A person...
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...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
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