...individual (Cherry, 2015). There are few researchers which are David C. McClelland, Abraham H. Maslow and Clayton P. Alderfer who studied on the needs based on motivation (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014) . Abraham H. Maslow is the one who came up with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which is also known as one the earliest theories of human motivation. Abraham Maslow states that our action is motivated in order to achieve needs (Cherry, 2015). Maslow believes that the lower needs like food, water,...
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...MASLOW HIERARCHY Maslow Hierarchy University of Phoenix PSY/ 211 Christina Hawkey In Maslow's Hierarchy of needs several things are brought to the surface for example, there is a pyramid of information. In which Maslow separates from bottom being the least and most obtainable, all the way to the top being the most important. At the bottom it begins with physiological needs like, breathing, food, water, and even sex are put into this category of needs. In this case sex can be a need in which it might not be a crucial to obtain to survive. Throughout time in both past and present many people have practiced abstinence and no fatalities have occurred because of this. Safety is the next layer of the pyramid, were security of all types are needed like, financial stability, employment, family, health , and many others that are at some point required to survive because it helps keep us sane. Love and belonging are the next ones on the list, including friendship and family. Esteem is also on this and with it provides confidence, respect, and all those things that give us strength and make us feel good on our daily routine. Finally self accomplishment is on the top with morality, creativity, acceptance of facts, and all in one creating a balance in which we feed off and pushes us to move on with life everyday. All of these facts are to me in some way a part of motivation for the reason that if...
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... 2 Abstract In this paper, I will discuss how Abraham Maslow theory, hierarachy of needs has influenced my understanding of personalities and behaviors of people in society and in the work place. I will also discuss how this theory has influenced my role in society and din the work place, along with my interactions with others. Running Head: Personality Theory Paper 3 Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1908. He was the oldest of seven children. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia who were uneducated. His parents pushed him hard for academic success. Growing up he became very lonely as a boy and found his interest in reading books (Boeree, 2006). Maslow first studied law at City College of New York (CCNY). After three semesters, he transferred to Cornell and then back to CCNY (Boeree, 2006). After he married, he moved to Wisconsin and attended the University of Wisconsin, where he became interested in psychology (Boeree, 2006). While attending the University of Wisconsin, he met and worked with Harry Harlow who was known for his experiments with baby rhesus monkeys and attachment behavior (Boeree, 2006). Maslow received his B.A. in 1930, his M.A. in 1931 and his PhD in 1934, all in psychology and from the University of Wisconsin (Boeree, 2006). A year after graduating with his PhD, Maslow returned to New York and worked with E.L. Thorndike at Columbia...
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...Abraham Maslow and Nursing Abraham Maslow and Nursing Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has a lot to offer the field of nursing. As a theorist of humanistic psychology, Maslow adopted a more holistic-dynamic approach to the field (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). He was born on April 1, 1908. Growing up as a boy, his relationship with his parents was strained (Emrich, n.d.). He did research on primate behavior at the University of Wisconsin and later served as a faculty member of Brooklyn College and Brandeis University. The Laughlin Foundation made him a resident fellow in 1969. Maslow died of a heart attack on June 8, 1970 (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). The interesting thing about Maslow is that he developed his theories as part of the so-called "Third Force" of psychology: humanistic psychology. This was a response to the prevailing schools of thought at the time (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). For him, psychoanalysis and behaviorism provided such negative and mechanistic outlooks of the human person, respectively. Something was needed to provide a more holistic perspective of people in order to balance out the other two approaches. Thus, he became the spiritual father of the humanistic psychology movement and contributed his famous Hierarchy of Needs (Schultz & Schultz, 2000). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs basically argues that people have an innate tendency to self-actualize—that is to move toward developing...
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...In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, he addresses five needs that innately motivate people. If presented in a pyramid format they would be presented in this order from bottom to top; basic needs, psychological needs, and self-fulfillment needs. The basic needs consist of physiological and safety needs. Examples of physiological needs are food, water, warmth, and rest; and example of safety needs are security and safety. Psychological needs consist of belongingness and love needs, such as intimate relationships and friendships. Psychological needs also consist of esteem needs, such as prestige and feelings of accomplishments. In the hierarchy and what is at the top of the pyramid is self-fulfillment needs which consist of self-actualization. Self-actualization is achieving one’s full potential and also includes creative activities (Hockenbury, Chapter 8, 2014). According to Maslow people strived to satisfy each need before moving up to the next hierarchy level, with the ultimate goal of achieving self-actualization. Maslow also believed that as people progressed through the hierarchy of needs they would eventually grow more socially and psychologically. Critics There are many people who believe in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, but there are just as many people who criticized his concept. For example, several critics believed his concept of self-actualization to be too vague. These critics also felt that the way the concept was defined it was almost impossible to test it scientifically...
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...July 2014 Need Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland Most theories of motivation revolve around the idea an employee’s needs influence their motivation. Needs are physiological or psychological scarcities that stimulate behavior therefore are necessary to live a healthy, productive lives both in personal and work lives. “If work is meaningless, then life comes close to being meaningless”(Maslow, Stephens Heil 39). These needs, whether weak or strong and are greatly influenced by environmental factors, thus causing human needs to vary over time and place. The general idea behind need theories of motivation is that unmet needs motivate people to placate them. On the contrary, people are not motivated to pursue a satisfied or achieved need. “In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it”(Compare and Contrast Clayton Paul Alderfer’s Erg Theory of Motivation and Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy). Let us now consider three popular content theories of motivation: Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s need theory. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, first published his need hierarchy theory of motivation in 1943. According to Maslow, we all have five levels of need. The first, and most basic level is the need for survival or physiological needs, followed by the need for safety, together these two level represent our basic needs. While...
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...A Discussion of the application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to Contemporary Tourist Psychology by Arjun Pillai Introduction to Global Hospitality Operations Tutor: Mr. Paul Reynolds Le Cordon Bleu Masters of International Hospitality Management 27th July 2013 What do tourists want? A specific exploration into this aspect of tourism could prove to be beneficial to those who facilitate the industry, and whom reap its harvest. Psychological motivation patterns could prove to be crucial in understanding that very question –‘what do tourists want?’ Abraham Maslow’s (Maslow 1943) hierarchy of needs may be a useful tool in understanding tourist psychology. Maslow wrote that there are five needs of motivation in the human condition. These, in order of their attainment are, physiological, security, social, esteem and self-actualizing needs. These needs are based on the concept of ‘pre-potency’ where the achievement of a new need, rests on the attainment a prior need in the hierarchy. The current essay argues that tourist psychology relates to all levels in the hierarchy, and will cover each need in the hierarchy and its relation respectively below. Before delving into each of Maslow’s specific needs and how they pertain to tourist psychology it would be prudent to first analyze the psychology of our template tourist – Tourist X. In doing so we may then address how each of Maslow’s hierarchies could differ between the psychological desires of Tourist X. The first assumption...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs A Case Study of The Impact of Solar Panel Production At Better Power Introduction Better Power is a company recently established in Australia with the aim of distributing power to Australian households from greener energy sources such as solar farms and wind mills. Better Power has reported a 30% decrease in output that has negatively affected sales and backorders. This has resulted in low staff morale and increased job insecurity. In this case study, I will discuss important motivation tools such as empowerment, self-improvement and life enhancement, and also how to apply them at Better Power based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Motivation Motivation is an internal and external process that stimulates the needs and energy in individuals to be more interested and committed to a job in order to achieve an objective. There are two types of motivation namely, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is internally driven by an enjoyment or having by having an interest in a task. Extrinsic motivation is when an individual performs a task in order to gain a reward such as money, promotion or fame (academia 2014). There are several theories that attempt to explain motivation; these include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor theory X and theory Y, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, Self-determination theory, Temporal motivation theory and Achievement motivation theory. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory ...
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...2014 Psychological Needs Paper The concept that motivation and/or the ability to learn is strictly influenced by consequences or rewards is what Maslow set out to disprove. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, he sets out to prove his theory that each individual “possess a set of motivation systems that are not directly influenced by rewards or unconscious desires” (McLeod, 2007).Under Maslow’s perception each individual is automatically driven to achieve certain needs, Maslow breaks these needs down into two general groups; Group one is Basic needs (Psychological, safety, social and Esteem). The second group is self-actualization (growth needs). Maslow states that we have the given drive/desire to fulfill these needs without the need for reward and that once we fulfill the first or bottom need in Maslow’s Hierarchy, our Psychological needs; we will automatically begin to pursue fulfilling the next level in the Hierarchy, safety, and so on. His theory seems quite logical to me, as we know that from birth a baby cries when it is hungry, this is not something they are taught via classical conditioning over time, they are born knowing when they are hungry. Unfortunately, despite our natural drive to achieve our fulfillment of our needs many struggle to reach self-actualization due to disruption in their lifestyle, such as a job loss, divorce, death in the family, etc. (McLeod, 2007)… Maslow’s hierarchy and perception of one’s natural motivation to fulfill our needs is directly connected...
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...This paper will provide a brief introduction in the use of Maslow’s hierarchy necessity to describe the measure of, which growth could use influence personality formation. It will construe biological factors, which influence the formation of character. This paper will provide the affiliation of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality. In this paper the subject to explain is the essential aspects of humanistic theory, which are adverse with biological explanations of character. Personality comes from different form of life; personality can change at any given time because it depends, the lifestyle in, which individuals lived. A person can have an enormous personality, but with problems of life, and worry it can change for the worst. Drug users can influence the personality of individuals, and so can medical drug. However, techniques are exercise to describe the character, which most often use to contribute another approach. Therefore, biological, and humanistic access naturally exercised as beneath the tones. Personality by itself involves various issues. Evolutionary/inherent perception most often usually detail for the biological mechanisms among DNA, and personality. Wise people use biological development in an effort to fulfill the space among character and genetics, which understand theorizing, and exploring biological associations with action. Biological approaches personality in the guide of collective personality, actions, and headstrong, emotional, and...
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...that these were not credible because these theories portray human beings as faulty machines. . (Friedman & Schustak, 2011, para. Chapter 5, 9). The theories of psychoanalysis and behaviorism, over the years, had dehumanized our understanding of ourselves and what it means to be human. However here arose Abraham Maslow with a new outlook on human psychology called humanistic psychology. Maslow knew that there was more to the human mind and developed a drive to discover positive mental health and happiness, and not just mental illness and misery. So to enhance his theory he placed his main focus on what people can do as opposed to their limitations. His hierarchy of needs has played a major stand in human behavior and achievements. (Nettle, 2008). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The hierarchy of need was developed by Maslow to show the different levels of the human desires. These needs represent the main factors of how human beings are driven into action. The different motivating factors such as biological drives, psychological needs, and higher goals, these are based on an individual day to day experience and the different stages of life. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs shows how growth influence the formation of...
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...Generation Y’s have a drastically different outlook on what they expect from their employment experience. Generation Y’s are well educated, skilled in technology, very self-confident, able to multi-task, and have plenty of energy. They have high expectations for themselves, and prefer to work in teams, rather than as individuals. Generation Y’s seek challenges, yet work life balance is of utmost importance to them. They do, however, realize that their need for social interaction, immediate results in their work, and desire for speedy advancement may be seen as weaknesses by older colleagues. In order to establish whether or not Generation Y is motivated by the same elements as the generations before them, we will compare what motivates Generation Y to classical motivational theories by Maslow and Herzberg. Maslow’s (1943) needs hierarchy on motivation is commonly used to classify human behavior that involves five categories, basic needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, ego-status needs, and self-actualization needs. Maslow was concerned with the sources of motivated behavior. Whereas, Herzberg’s two-factor theory of...
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...The Content Theories of Motivation – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, Alderfer and McClleland’s Theories of Motivation – are all about the factors within a person and the needs that motivate people. Choose TWO of the above theories and answer the following questions: * First, compare and contrast the theories. What are the differences/similarities? * What are some of the criticisms of the two theories that you select? * Are these theories applicable today given that business today is so different from Maslow’s time (1940’s), Alderfer (1960’s), and Herberg and McClelland (1950’s)? Given the many changes in business from when these theories were first proposed, do these theories still provide us with the tools to be effective as managers? ------------------------ Motivational Theories explain how to stimulate people to reach their goals and objectives. There are two theories that I have chosen to analyze: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG Theory. Both of them caught my attention because they were very similar in structure yet different in their overall approach. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is based on five motivational needs arranged in a pyramidal hierarchical level. The base contains physiological needs and the top self-actualization needs. Alderfer’s ERG Theory is similar to Maslow’s because it is also structured in a hierarchical level. The multi-level system of this theories makes them easy to organize and follow as...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory was developed with motivation in mind. We set goals or motivators daily and attempt to achieve these goals. While some are survival motivators others are the need for self-actualization. Feeling needed and important to others is what we all strive for. Maslow’s and the ERG Theory will help us understand what the needs are and the different levels of the needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory vs. ERG Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need is five levels of fundamental human needs or motivators that are essential to be satisfied in a set order beginning with the lowest level. The need for endurance and safety are the paramount and most needed. The theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need states that once a necessity is fulfilled it is no longer a motivator and we then move on to the next need. Used in the business setting it is used as a course of action (Maslow’s, 2013). The five levels that Mr. Maslow speaks about have been criticized by others. It is said that there is no scientific proof for the ranking of the needs and that they are in hierarchical order (Cherry, 2013). In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed the Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This theory is meant to describe the levels at which an individual moves through for self-motivation. The levels are described as (Maslows’ Hierarchy, 2013, Management): • The lowest level is the need to survive also known as physiological needs. • The second level known as safety needs consists of the need for safety...
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...Motivational Theories Kagie Simon Colorado Technical University Online MGM335-1204B-10 Organizational Behavior Principles Laura Poque December 4, 2012 Motivational Theories Maslow knows for human motivation, management training, and personal development. Maslow idea surrounding the Hierarchy of needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfill their own unique potential. Maslow Hierarchy has five-stage model are: self-actualization, estern needs, belongingness and love needs, safety needs, and biological and physiological needs. Hierarchy is made up a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid (Cherry, 2012). Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the needs for food, water, sleep, and warmth (Cherry, 2012). Maslow plays a major role in motivating behavior. The highest level of the pyramid is growth needs. Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1960’s, pertain to employee motivation and have been used in human resource management, organized behavior analysis, and organizational development (www.empxtrack.com). Theory X is believed that everything should be end in blaming...
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