...Table of Contents Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy 2 Chapter 2 Media Technology 16 Chapter 3 Media Economics 33 Chapter 4 Ink on Paper 49 Chapter 5 Sound Media 64 Chapter 6 Motion Media 80 Chapter 7 New Media Landscape 96 Chapter 8 News 112 Chapter 9 Entertainment 128 Chapter 10 Public Relations 144 Chapter 11 Advertising 160 Chapter 12 Mass Audiences 176 Chapter 13 Mass Media Effects 192 Chapter 14 Mass Media and Governance 209 Chapter 15 Mass Media Globalization 225 Chapter 16 Media Law 241 Chapter 17 Ethics 258 Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Media researchers at Ball State University found that people are intentionally involved in a media activity for __________ percent of their waking hours. A) 1 B) 10 C) 30 D) 60 Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 3 2) Traditionally, mass communication is defined as the technology-assisted transmission of messages to A) print journalists. B) interpersonal audiences. C) mass audiences. D) only niche audiences. Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 4-5 3) According to the research firm Nielsen, the medium that is used much more per day than other media is A) music. B) magazines. C) television. D) newspapers. Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 4 4) Mass media have become so integrated into people’s lives that __________ is common. A) mainstreaming B) media multitasking C) writing letters...
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...Propaganda during the Reformation In this woodblock from 1568, the printer at left is removing a page from the press while the one at right inks the text-blocks Propaganda during the Reformation, helped by the spread of the printing press throughout Europe, and in particular within Germany, caused new ideas, thoughts, and doctrine to be made available to the public in ways that had never been seen before the sixteenth century. The printing press was invented in approximately 1450 and quickly spread to other major cities around Europe; by the time the Reformation was underway in 1517 there were printing centers in over 200 of the major European cities.[1] These centers became the primary producers of Reformation works by the Protestants, and in some cases anti-Reformation works put forth by the Roman Catholics. Printed texts and pamphlets There were a number of different methods of propaganda used during the Reformation including pamphlets/leaflets, texts, letters and translations of the Bible/New Testament. Pamphlets or leaflets were one of the most common forms of propaganda during the reformation period. Pamphlets usually consisted of approximately eight to sixteen pages and were relatively small and easy to conceal from the authorities, thus making them very useful to reformers whose ideas were not accepted by the Roman Catholic authorities. The majority of these pamphlets promoted the Reformation and the Protestant ideas; however pamphlets were also used by Roman Catholic...
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...I think e-books are the most wonderful invention ever, I have probably 500 books downloaded on my kindle and I am always getting more. I think in some ways the e- reader and e-book movement has made our society more well-read. My mother, who does not like to read at all, has started to read on her daily Trolley ride because she can access books on her tablet. Yes, I love the smell of a new book and I take care of my books as if they were the most precious thing in my life, but I also read a lot and that can get expensive. Half of the books on my kindle were free and that makes me and my wallet so happy. I don’t think I read my digital books because of “convenience”, I read them because lugging around multiple books on the daily is exhausting. Sometimes I miss the tangible aspect of books, but then I also think about how I can fall asleep reading a book without lights on because of my lit up screen. Anyone can tell you that in my purse at all times is: my phone, lip gloss, gum, and my kindle. I never leave home without it, mostly because I get bored easily and can whip it out to read and feed the addiction. I still love pursuing a bookstore and curling up in a corner with a blanket and a book. But, the book does not need to be physical, I just need the words. I need my mind to be filled and my imagination to be stimulated. I read physical books on occasion, but I find it exhausting to carry more than one at a time (I read quickly) so I think it is better to save those...
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...Mass Comm Final Paper Mass communication is typically recognized as the process of producing and distributing information, ideas, opinions, values and entertainment from a single, but regularly difficult, organization or source, through print or electronic channels, to large numbers of people. Mass communication channels or media include newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, film, sound recordings and the Internet. Over the past four centuries mass communication has gained in importance and influence. It is an essential building block in the construction of human culture and civilization. Communication is essential for nourishing and transmitting culture, sharing knowledge, entertaining, envisioning futures, and motivating action. From the emergence of our earliest ancestor Australopithecus Africanus about five million years ago in Africa, the human species has used its ability to communicate to survive in harsh environments and populate planet Earth. The ability to communicate facilitated the sharing of information on food sources, contributed to the security of the species, and provided tools for articulating relationships between and among different groups of humans. Archeologists and anthropologists have concluded that the development of signs, signals and speech among proto-humans and early humans was in response to the need to store memory and distribute knowledge – a prerequisite for the survival of the species. Communication is essential to social and political...
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.../assignments/data_sources 3. Which of the following are examples of manipulation and transformation commands? (Choose all that apply.) a. sed b. pr c. join d. paste 4. Which of the following is true of the pipe operator? (Choose all that apply.) d. It redirects the output of one command to the input of another command. 5. Because the data was formatted the same in two inventory files, you decided to combine their contents into one file. Now you want to determine if there are duplicate entries on consecutive lines in the new file. Which of the following commands enables you to find the duplicate entries? c. uniq 6. Your friend is using the command comm entryfile, but is getting an error message. What is the problem? (Choose all that apply.) b. It is necessary to use either the -m or -t option with the comm command. 7. Your boss is trying to import the customers file into her spreadsheet program, but the data goes into the spreadsheet incorrectly. This is because the fields are separated by dashes (-) and the spreadsheet program requires the fields to be separated by colons (:)....
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...According to the article Black holes first, galaxies second it has been found out that each galaxy has a black hole in the center (16). By observing motions of gas it had been suggested that early galaxies were 30 times as huge as central black holes. Therefore, it has been suggested that galaxies are formed around black holes (16). Doppler shifts show the black hole mass. Astronomers believe that both the hole and the galaxies can stop growing (16). As stated in Spinning Hearts of Darkness “Astronomers are measuring the rotation rates of black holes to determine their rotation and history” (Brenneman, 20). A black holes’ gravity is so strong that light can’t pass through it (20). As stated in the article Black holes are neither let in light or let it come out (Brenneman, 21). Black holes can be up to billions solar masses. Measuring a black holes spin is important because it can tell us about its history (22). Black holes that occur because of mergers with other black holes will grow slower than those that occur by accretion. As stated in Brenneman “Black holes occur at random angles which alter the spin direction and speed of resulting black hole”(22). Einstein’s general theory of relativity the black hole spins in the same direction as its rotation disk. The disks’s "Black Holes First, Galaxies Second." Sky & Telescope 117.5 (2009): 16. MasterFILE Elite. EBSCO. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. BRENNEMAN, LAURA. "Spinning Hearts of Darkness. (cover story)." Sky & Telescope...
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...(underneath) is to do with a paper plane and its mass and time of flight. Here is a chance to experiment with different masses of a paper plane to observe how it affects it’s time of flight. Research Question: How does the mass (g) of a paper plane affect the time (seconds) of its flight? Hypothesis: It is expected that, the more mass on the paper plane’s wings, the time of flight will decrease. This is because more mass; the faster gravity will pull it down. *Independent variable: Number of paperclips (amount of mass in grams) Dependent variable: The time of flight –measured in seconds. X Controlled variables: Throw it with the same force in each throw, and same angle of the throw. Materials: Stop watch 3 pieces of A4 paper to make paper planes 1 balance 12 paperclips Method: Make 3 ordinary paper planes from A4 sheet of paper Find someone who is willing to throw the paper plane for all the trials in the experiment. Take the paper plane and weigh it using the balance (weighing scale), to note down its mass. Find an open space for the plane to fly freely and take your planes there. Throw 1 paper plane from shoulder level and start the stop watch at the same time of the throw. Stop the stop watch the moment when the plane touches the ground. Record your data and repeat steps 4-6 four more times. For the second trial, add 1 paperclip to each wing and weigh the plane before testing the throw and note down the mass. ( see diagram below) Throw the plane...
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...Universal Gravitation Objectives * Compare and contrast gravitational force vectors as mass and distance are changed. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) * Discover how changes in the distance between two objects affects the gravitational force between them. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) * Describe how changes in the masses of two objects affects the gravitational force between them. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) Description of Activity In this activity, you will explore how distance and mass affect the gravitational force between two objects. You will select one of three locations to work within: a 9 m2 room, a 9 × 104 m2 city block, or a 9 × 1022 m2 region of space. You will also change the mass of each object as well as manipulate the positions of both objects. For purposes of this simulation, masses will be represented as spheres and the distance between them will be the distance between their centers. Jump Start 1. What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter an object has. 2. Describe gravitational force. Gravitational force is the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface. 3. How can you tell if one variable is directly proportional to another variable? Two variables are said to be directly proportional if an increase or decrease in one variable causes simultaneous increase or decrease in another variable. 4. How can you tell if one variable is inversely...
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...Some of the possible reasons caseworkers were not aware of the conditions in the Jackson home is maybe since the kids were home schooled nobody really paid attention to the four kids. It fell upon a neighbor’s call when she saw the oldest son digging through the garbage for something to eat, because he was hungry from being undernourished from the Jackson family. From the information provided I think justice was served by firing the nine members of the Division of Youth and Family Services staff. If they had been doing their job it shouldn’t have taken a call from neighbor, the kids should have been long gone from the Jackson home. What touches me the most is the total weight of all four children was 136 pounds with the oldest Bruce weighing in at a eye-popping 45 pounds. Justice was served in this case, they were lucky to be informed by the neighbor in time or the children might not have made through their tuff situation. I think the whole situation should have been avoided when the first caseworker came out to the house to check on the children, because we all know that these kids have not been eating for quite some time. It said in the study that the Jackson family said that the adapted kids had an eating disorder maybe the caseworker should have found out for themselves by taking the kids out for a little while and seeing first hand if they wanted something to eat or not. If they didn’t want anything to eat then they should have been treated for an eating...
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...This Story of Mine It all started when I was in eighth grade weighing 120 pounds and four feet nine inches tall. During my eighth grade year, I dated a guy who was skinny to the bones. He had no fat nor did he have muscles; he was pretty much a stick. On the other hand, I had a chubby round face with wide fat hips; and let’s just say, a bunch of fat hanging in between. I always thought to myself that I wanted to be skinny so I’ll look good standing next to him. He always told me that I was fat and I would look prettier if I was skinny. I starting thinking and finally came to a conclusion. That was, to break up with him and I did; I was a lot happier, stronger, and more confident. But from then on, I kept his words. For someone who didn’t love me for who I truly was, I decided to transform myself into a different person. Later on, I realized that not only is appearance what matters, but it’s what’s inside that matters the most. When summer began, I started working out every single day and night; I pushed myself really hard for I wanted to look pretty faster. Then, my hard work finally paid off! I lost 20 pounds at the end of my freshman year and weighed 100 pounds with the height of five feet two inches. I was anorexic for three years and never went bulimic; however, I had always thought of becoming bulimic but I was too scared of the causes. I started starving myself, eating less than one meal a day, and drank Special K’s protein drinks. I also exercised every day during the...
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...THE STABILITY OF A FLOATING BODY Objective: The objectives of the experiment was to determine the metacentric height of a floating body and the position of stability of a pontoon. Introduction: The question of the stability of a body such as a ship, which floats in the surface of a liquid is one of the obvious importance. Whether the equilibrium is stable, neutral or unstable is determined by the height of its center of gravity, and in this experiment, the stability of a pontoon may be determined with its centre of gravity at various heights. Apparatus: Pontoon, water tank , an adjustable weight, small magnetic weights and a plumbline. a) jockey weight Plumbline Method: Theory: - metacentric height, GM = [pic] where W = total weight of the floating assembly (i.e., weight of pontoon and the applied weights). Wi = adjustable weight Sx = distance moved of adjustable weight from central position St = angle of tilt. Let the angle of tilt, corresponding to a small displacement Sx, from the central position (i.e., from the plumbline) be st. the whole system tilts from the original position by this angle. For one chosen height of the adjustable weight, the height of the centre of gravity of the whole floating assembly from its base OG, was measured: The pontoon was suspended from a hole at one side of the soil. The jockey weight was positioned on the line of symmetry such that the pontoon hung with...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix D Goal Evaluation Matrix Choose five of the scenarios in Appendix C and evaluate the goals according to the SMART criteria. Provide support for your evaluation. Goal setter and goal | SIs the goal specific? | MIs the goal measurable? | AIs the goal attainable? | RIs the goal realistic? | TIs the goal timely? | Example:Nikki:She hopes to obtain a different position in her company in 1 to 2 months. | YesShe would like to find another job in her company. | YesShe will know if she meets her milestones of applying for jobs and preparing for interviews. | YesShe already works for the company, so it is possible she can move to a new position. | YesMoving to a new job in a company is easier than finding a job with a new company. | No1 to 2 months is not much time to find another job. | Scenario 2:Jie has always been underweight and wants to improve her health and stamina by gaining 5 pounds | YesTo gain 5 pounds in 1 month in a healthy way. | YesShe will go from underweight to normal weigh to become healthier. | YesWith proper diet and exercise. | Yes Yes she plans to gain 1.5 pounds per week so that would total 6 pounds in a month | YesShe can definitely gain 5 pounds in one month. | Scenario 3:Lawrence hopes to buy a second car for his family. | YesSave enough money for a car. | YesIf he can stick to saving the amount of money he has planned to save. | YesHe has a plan to pay off the car. | No He has a lot of other expenses...
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...Every day individuals encounter life experiences not realizing the scientific nature of physics being involved. Physics exists all around weather one is cognizant or not. For example, roller coasters have become quite the attraction at major theme parks all across the globe and operate due to physics. Many men, women, boys and girls want to experience the thrill of zero gravity, upside down loops, twists and curls at extremely fast speeds. However, there is another portion of the population who does not want to go anywhere and would rather speculate from the ground. In either instance, the detailed study of physical science makes it all possible. Even though the physics of a roller coaster are intricate due to the composition of various forms of energy, accelerometers and gravitational forces; their makeup can be quite intriguing. The study of physics dates back several years and can be attributed to different individuals. Knowing the history of physics will help understand general concepts and how they can be applied to creating objects such as the roller coaster. The lessons initiated from the historical founders of physics are vitally important to apprehend the ideas of today and more importantly the direction for how they will shape tomorrow (Garcia et al., 2010). Copernicus, a prominent attributer, initially suggested that the planets revolve around the sun and the Earth rotates on an axis (Britannica Biographies, 2011). The idea will later assist Galileo, another...
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...#2 The Study of Concurrent Forces with the Force Table Apparatus: Force table with 4 pulleys, centering ring and string, 50 g weight hangers, slotted weights, protractors, and rulers. Discussion: The force table is designed to help you study the properties of forces at known angles. Only when forces are along the same line do they add by ordinary algebra. If two or more forces on the same body form angles with each other, it is necessary to use geometry to find the amount and direction of their combined effect. Prior to Lab: Complete the calculations in the following. The component method of adding vectors is given here for three sample forces as follows: A = 2.45 N @ 40o B = 3.92 N @ 165o C = 3.43 N @ 330o Overview of the component method of vector addition. First make a neat drawing, not necessarily to exact scale, but reasonably accurate as to sizes and angles, placing the three forces on a diagram with a pair of x and y axes. Find the angle of each force with the x-axis. This angle is called the reference angle, and is the one used to calculate sines and cosines. Next compute the x- and y-components of the three forces, placing like components in columns. Place plus or minus signs on the various quantities according to whether an x-component is to the right or left of the origin, or whether a y-component is up or down relative to the origin. Add the columns with regard to sign (subtracting the minus quantities), and place the correct sign on each sum. The resulting quantities...
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...ENTRY OF GOODS 2. Entry Process When a shipment reaches the United States, the importer of record (i.e., the owner, purchaser, or licensed customs broker designated by the owner, purchaser, or consignee) will file entry documents for the goods with the port director at the goods' port of entry. Imported goods are not legally entered until after the shipment has arrived within the port of entry, delivery of the merchandise has been authorized by CBP, and estimated duties have been paid. It is the importer of record's responsibility to arrange for examination and release of the goods. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1484, the importer of record must use reasonable care in making entry. NOTE : In addition to contacting CBP, importers should contact other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities. For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office (check local phone book under U.S. government listings) or to the Import Division, FDA Headquarters, 301.443.6553. The sa me is true for alcohol, tobacco, firearms, wildlife products (furs, skins, shells), motor vehicles, and other products and merchandise regulated by the other federal agencies for which CBP enforces entry laws. Appropriate agencies are identified on page 197. Addresses and phone numbers for these agencies are listed in the appendix. Goods may be entered for consumption, entered for warehouse...
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