...(ATP1A1) Genes: Assessing Their Association With Subclinical Mastitis Cases in Dairy Water Buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis Thesis Proposal Cyndi Candelaria Biendima Patricia Malapit Cabatit Submitted to the Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila Padre Faura, Ermita, Manila In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Undergraduate Thesis (BIO 200) TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page1 Table of Contents2 Introduction3 Review of Related Literature6 Proposed Methodology14 Presentation of Results20 Literature Cited22 Line Item Budget26 Project Timeline27 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Cases of intramammary infections such as mastitis in water buffaloes contribute to large annual losses in milk production and net profit for smallholder farmers in the Philippines. Social and economic factors might prevent households from diagnosing, treating, and eliminating from circulation those animals or animal products, such as milk, that are afflicted with mastitis or which came from individuals afflicted with mastitis; this is especially true in the case of the asymptomatic subclinical mastitis, which tends to become chronic and difficult to eradicate by conventional antimicrobial therapies (Brouillette & Malouin, 2005; Ng et al., 2010). With the advent of technology comes new techniques in identifying and treating diseases such as mastitis through more rapid, accurate, and efficient means, such...
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...Bovine Growth Hormone Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone or BGH is a drug manufactured by the Monsanto Company. This drug was produced to increase milk production in cows. The FDA approved BGH in 1993 for use in dairy farming, the usage of BGH began in 1994. After the first batch of milking it was seen that cows began to die (Wade, 1). The BGH was forcing the dairy cows to create milk faster then they could eat. This was causing their milk producing glands to extract calcium from the bones of the cows. This caused the cows to become weakened and fall down. It is also noticed that an increased occurrence of mastitis, which is an infection of the cows utters. (Wade, 1) The infection is cured by a regime of antibiotics, which make it into our milk. It is also seen that there is no legitimate use to BGH. In the United States there is a surplus of dairy products, meaning that with the use of BGH small farmers will be run out of business by the factory farms. They can produce larger quantities of milk and be able to sell them at lower prices. The production of the Bovine Growth Hormone in order to help the dairy industry has become a controversial issue since its usage approval. In today’s world being a socially responsible company is not only a trending fad but also it is almost a requirement by the consumers. Many companies have labels stating things like “dolphin free” or “BGH free.” The merchandisers use these labels to increase their sales with the socially responsible consumers...
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...Pakistan has a herd size of around 63 million animals, which is the 3rd largest in the world. About 35 million people are involved in dairy farming, deriving more than 40% of their total income from livestock. For these farmers, dairy animals provide milk for domestic consumption as well as meagre income through the sale of milk. In rural Pakistani culture livestock is a storer of wealth. It is viewed as important social capital and offers insurance to the owner in times of financial distress. Pakistan lacks the essential infrastructure that is needed for safe storage and transportation of farm produce. According to the Livestock and Dairy Development Board, 20 percent of the current milk production is lost due to poor infrastructure. Poor research facilities, technological backwardness and lack of processing facilities have resulted in generating fewer jobs and adding virtually no value to its agriculture produce. Of all the milk produced in the country, only 3 percent is processed. Rest of it is consumed as fresh milk which is not treated and is mostly supplied by gawala’s. These Gawala’s account for around 80-85% of total milk supply in the country. Due to this informal sector most of the milk in Pakistan is of low quality and is untreated. The handling of milk is miserable and no precautions are taken....
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...(Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including balancing nutrient inputs/outputs...
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...September 2008 CONTENTS Page 1. 2 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 PREPARATION ................................................................................................................................2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................2 PURPOSE ..............................................................................................................................2 PLANNING ..............................................................................................................................2 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................2 CONTENTS OF A REPORT ............................................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................3 TITLE PAGE ...........................................................................................................................3 CONTENTS PAGE ...................................................................................................................3 THE SUMMARY ..................................
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...increasingly seeking alternative sources of energy. Green energy sources are those that do not emit harmful pollutants and/ or that are renewable. Anaerobic digesters (AD), found on dairy, hog, and poultry farms across the United States, represent potential sources of green energy. AgSTAR, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) program, whose goal is to increase the number of anaerobic digesters on farms in the United States, estimates there are 6,900 swine and dairy farms that could utilize digesters (U.S. EPA 2002a). However, the operating costs and benefits of AD adoption vary greatly from farm to farm, while the investment costs are very large. Therefore, the objective of this research is to compare the profitability of several digester scenarios. Unlike most previous research, which consists of analyses of specific, _________________________________________ Elizabeth...
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...Nursing Professionalism: Improving Education of Nurses on the topic of Breastfeeding NUR 3100 Professor Garcia Abstract Without breastfeeding, an infant looses valuable health and nutritional benefits. The mother also has the potential to develop serious complication derived from labor. Through adequate education nurses, become more competent in encouraging and educating new mothers to breastfeed. The purpose of this paper is to explore and define the themes, roles and philosophy of Aurora University’s School of Nursing. These themes, roles and philosophies are important because they give nurses’ knowledge for which to base their professional careers on. With this base nurses are better prepared to educate the community of women on breastfeeding. Nursing Professionalism: Improving Education of Nurses on the topic of Breastfeeding In the professional nursing field nurses are expected to carry out the philosophies, themes, and roles of the nursing field. Aurora University’s School of Nursing outlines the importance of the themes, roles and philosophy so their students can one day provide patients with exemplary care. Without fully understanding the themes and roles of nurses, students will not be able to provide competent care. The roles of a nurse can be applied in many areas. One area in particular is in educating women about breastfeeding. In order for nurses to fully educate new mothers about breastfeeding, nurses must first have adequate education themselves...
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...Agricultural Research Priority : Vision- 2030 and beyond Sub-sector: Livestock Professor Dr. A.M.M. Tareque And Dr. Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Farmgate, Dhaka April 2010 Research Priority in Agriculture and Vision Document-2030 and beyond Table of Contents Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 Subject Methodology/Work plan Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Group Leader Executive Summary Vision Document 2030 and beyond: Livestock Research in Bangladesh Background Review of the past Plans Targets: Achievable goals of livestock sub-sector under Vision 2021; Bangladesh for Resolution of Crisis and a Prosperous Future” Problems/Constraints Research Areas Commodity wise Research Priority Large Ruminants (Cattle and Buffalo) Small Ruminants (Goat and Sheep) Poultry Common to livestock health and production Hill Research Conclusion References Page No. 2 2 3 5 5 6 7 5 11 13 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 15 18 19 24 27 30 31 33 33 1 Research Priority in Agriculture and Vision Document-2030 and beyond Methodology/Work plan Twelve Experts Team have been formed in BARC in connection with the preparation of Vision Document–2030 and beyond vide letter No.ARC/P&E/103/2008/1540, dt. 29-10-09. Livestock Sub-sector group composed of Professor Dr. A.M.M. Tareque, as Group Leader and Dr. Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury, CSO (Livestock), BARC, as Member-Secretary. The work started with the convening of a day long workshop on SPGR priority setting...
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...in the middle. In the axils appear numerous involucres, purplish or greenish, dense, axillary, short stalk clusters or crowded cymes, about 1 mm long. The capsules are broadly ovoid, hairy, three-angled, about 1.5 cm. The small green flowers constitute the inflourescence characteristics of the euphorbias. The stem and the leaves produce white or milky juice when cut (Lind and Tallantire, 1971;Anonymous 2005). In some parts of Africa, extract of the plant are used in the treatment of asthma and respiratory tract inflammations (Kokwaro, 1993). The plant contains relatively abundant white latex. The white latex is capable of causing dermatitis (Oliver, 1960). The plant shows antibiotic activity (Sofowora, 1993). Upon reading some medical research studies on Euphorbia hirta...
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...Emerging Trends in Business Strategy A Success Story of Mother Dairy Research Paper prepared by: • Rajeev Ranjan Post Graduate Diploma in Management, Jaipuria institute of Management, Noida Mobile: 09350864084 Email: rajeevranjan99@gmail.com • Rahul Bangabash Post Graduate diploma in Management, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Noida Mobile: 09953550067 Email: rahulbangabash@yahoo.co.in Emerging Trends in Business Strategy 2 A Success Story of Mother Dairy ABSTRACT Emerging Trends in Business Strategy A Success Story of Mother Dairy By Rajeev Ranjan Rahul Bangabash From chronic shortages of milk, India has emerged today as the largest producer of milk in the world nearing 100 million tonnes. It offers opportunities galore to entrepreneurs worldwide, who wish to capitalize on one of the world's largest and fastest growing markets for milk and milk products. The effective milk market is largely confined to urban areas, inhabited by over 25 per cent of the country's population. An estimated 50 per cent of the total milk produced is consumed here. By the end of 2007, the urban population is expected to increase by more than 100 million to touch 864 million in 2007 a growth of about 40 per cent. The expected rise in urban population would be a boon to Indian dairying.Presently, the organized sector both cooperative and private and the traditional sector cater to this market. In this booming period Mother Dairy is looking to take advantage of the opportunities which...
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...Infant Feeding in the Context of HIV FACILITATOR’S MANUAL TOSOUTH SOUTH THE SOUTH TO SOUTH PARTNERSHIP FOR COMPREHENSIVE FAMILY HIV CARE AND TREATMENT PROGRAM (S2S) South Africa has the largest HIV burden of any country in the world, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with the virus. Women and children remain at the centre of the pandemic in terms of transmission, vulnerability and potential for impact. To continue to build on the existing successes of South Africa’s antiretroviral (ARV) program, the capacity for HIV disease management must be enhanced. It is essential that HIV disease management transition from an individual case management to a family-centred and chronic-care approach targeting and prioritising pregnant women and children. Enrolling pregnant women and children into HIV care and treatment early and regularly can prevent new HIV infections and reduce morbidity and mortality, effectively sustaining the quality of life of mothers, their children, and their families. The scale up of effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and paediatric ARV care and treatment programs are crucial in the fight against HIV but are challenged by many factors including perceived complexity of treating pregnant women and children, inadequate paediatric and PMTCT knowledge and clinical skills, lack of psychosocial and adherence support, delays in integrating PMTCT services with antenatal and child health management systems, and gaps in referral...
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...A comparative analysis of Operation management of Mother Dairy and Amul Submitted by: Group 7 Sayak Ray-159 Pranaw Gautam-160 Vineet Gautam-162 Pardep Jindal-169 Monika Agarwal-170 Shruti Gupta-178 Executive Summary India’s dairy sector is expected to triple its production in the next 10 years in view of expanding potential for export to Europe and the West. Moreover with WTO regulations expected to come into force in coming years all the developed countries which are among big exporters today would have to withdraw the support and subsidy to their domestic milk products sector. Also India today is the lowest cost producer of per litre of milk in the world, at 27 cents, compared with the U.S' 63 cent. Also to take advantage of this lowest cost of milk production and increasing production in the country multinational companies are planning to expand their activities here. Some of these milk producers have already obtained quality standard certificates from the authorities. This will help them in marketing their products in foreign countries in processed form. The urban market for milk products is expected to grow at an accelerated pace of around 33% per annum to around Rs.83,500 crores by year 2010. This growth is going to come from the greater emphasis on the processed foods sector and also by increase in the conversion of milk into milk products. By 2010, the value of Indian dairy produce is expected to be Rs 10,00,000 million. Presently the market is valued at...
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...Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369204 Review Article Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Juliana Félix-Silva,1 Raquel Brandt Giordani,2 Arnóbio Antonio da Silva-Jr,1 Silvana Maria Zucolotto,2 and Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa1 1 Laborat´rio de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacˆutica (TecBioFar), Programa de P´ s-graduacao em Ciˆncias o e o ¸˜ e Farmacˆuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, e Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o 2 Laborat´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm´ cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), o a Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o Correspondence should be addressed to Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa; mpedrosa31@uol.com.br Received 24 February 2014; Revised 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 May 2014; Published 5 June 2014 Academic Editor: Shi-Biao Wu Copyright © 2014 Juliana F´lix-Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution e License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,”...
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...A2 Biology Unit 5 page 1 AQA A2 Biology Unit 5 Contents Specification Human Nervous system Nerve Cells The Nerve Impulse Synapses Receptors Muscle Animal Responses Control of Heart Rate The Hormone System Homeostasis Temperature Homeostasis Blood Glucose Homeostasis Control of Mammalian Oestrus Plant Responses The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis Gene Mutations Stem Cells Control of Gene Expression Biotechnology DNA sequencing Southern Blot In vivo cloning Genetically Modified Organisms Gene Therapy Genetic Screening and Counselling 2 4 6 0 14 17 24 28 30 33 34 38 42 44 48 50 54 57 63 66 71 76 80 85 89 92 Molecular Genetics These notes may be used freely by A level biology students and teachers, and they may be copied and edited. Please do not use these materials for commercial purposes. I would be interested to hear of any comments and corrections. Neil C Millar (nmillar@ntlworld.co.uk) Head of Biology, Heckmondwike Grammar School High Street, Heckmondwike, WF16 0AH Jan 2010 HGS Biology A-level notes NCM 8/09 A2 Biology Unit 5 page 2 Biology Unit 5 Specification Control Systems Organisms increase their chance of survival by responding to changes in their environment. The Nerve Impulse The structure of a myelinated motor neurone. The establishment of a resting potential in terms of differential membrane permeability, electrochemical gradients and the movement of sodium and potassium ions. Changes in membrane permeability lead to depolarisation and the...
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...The Upjohn Company: The Upjohn - Pharmacia Merger 3 Business Analysis and Valuation Applications harmacia & Upjohn will be a powerful new competitor in the global pharmaceutical industry. For both Pharmacia and Upjohn, this merger is a bold strategic move to build a highly competitive company as the worldwide pharmaceutical industry continues to consolidate. The new company will be positioned to attain its goals of revenue growth above the industry average and operating margins exceeding 25% by 1998. Jan Ekberg, President and CEO of Pharmacia Proposed Chairman of Pharmacia & Upjohn This is a merger that truly constitutes far more than the sum of the parts. The new company will be able to take full advantage of uniquely complementary geographic reach, product portfolio, pipeline and R&D strengths. As a result of the merger, Pharmacia & Upjohn will have extensive financial and operating resources, market scope and earnings potential. Consequently, we fully expect the new company to achieve additional growth in expected 1996 EPS as well as acceleration of future earnings growth. Above all, Pharmacia & Upjohn is expected to generate significantly enhanced value for shareholders. John L. Zabriskie, Ph.D., Chairman and CEO of Upjohn Proposed President and CEO of Pharmacia & Upjohn On August 20, 1995, The Upjohn Company and Pharmacia AB, two pharmaceutical companies incorporated in the U.S. and Sweden, respectively, announced that they were forming a “merger of equals.” With combined...
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