...The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adolescent and School Health www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth Revised Version — July 2010 (Replaces April 2010 Early Release) Acknowledgments: This publication was developed for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) under contract #200-2002-00800 with ETR Associates. Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 8 Methods 10 Conceptual Definitions . 10 Inclusion Criteria . 10 Identification of Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria . 11 Classification of Studies . 11 Study Coding Process . 12 Data Analysis . 13 Results . 14 School-Based Physical Education Studies . 16 Recess Studies . 19 Classroom Physical Activity Studies . 21 Extracurricular Physical Activity Studies . 24 28 Summary . Overall Findings . 28 Findings for Physical...
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...Palmer Cutbacks in Music, Art and Physical Education School is where we all gain basic knowledge. It is where we learn what we need to live and then get interested in what we will excel at later in life. Many students want to grow up to be a lawyer, doctor or a teacher but for some students, it is the dream of being a famous musician, artist or athlete. With education budget cuts and the motion for higher standardized test scores on the raise, many schools have been forced to cut some of their programs. Those hardest hit are music, art and physical education classes. The issue is that cutting these programs may do more harm to students than good. Studies have shown that music, art and physical activity have many positive effects on student development and learning. Physical education has become especially important today. With childhood obesity become an increasing problem, physical health and proper nutrition has become a great concern. Music and art also have also shown to have an impact on physical development. These are the classes and programs that promote creativity, self-expression and individuality, and for many students are the classes that they look the most forward to and are often the highlight of their day. By taking them away are we not robbing our students of the opportunity to learn through different mediums? What about the future musicians, artists and athletes? Are we not robbing...
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...Health Promotion Prevention Adrianne Gorman Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-0104 August 10, 2014 The health promotion includes strengthening the skills of individuals to encourage healthy behaviors, and it also includes constructing the healthy social and physical environments to support these actions (Green 1979). It includes any mixture of health instruction and associated organizational, economic, and political interventions designed to facilitate behavioral and environmental changes promoting to health (WHO, 2011). Health promotion involves all different countries from around the world to join together in collaboration to ensure that all the people from each and every community have the resources and information available to educate and further advance their participation in healthy lifestyle. This should be an opportunity available to all individuals even if they are financially dependent, old, uneducated, educated, affluent, or young to name just a few. The green health promotion gives the idea of improving the ecological health and sustainability of the community, school, or business. Green health promotion has been a term since 1986 when the Ottawa Carter for Health Promotion was involved in the ecological public health movement. Green promotion is heard throughout the country. Addressing the green health promotion in schools shows that there is a lack of collaboration between groups educating and the nursing professional. We must begin working on...
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...you do that, you become an agent of change. DeBono’s technique of Six Hats is particularly useful. 3. Learn new skills When did you last learn a completely new skill? It’s easy to become complacent with skills we have mastered in the past. However, it’s essential for brain growth to learn learn new skills. Because learning allows the brain to create neurons and new pathways. 3. Practice brain gym exercises Fifty years ago, gyms that focused on strength training were unknown. Nowadays we know that it’s important to exercise our muscles and boost fitness at any age. However, it’s less accepted that we need to train our brain regularly as well. Exercises focused on improving fluid intelligence are called Dual N-Back exercises. Get a free training program . You can download a version for Windows version, or for Mac. Don’t forget to download the tutorial! You can check out how an exercise to boost visual memory works. Another highly rated program is MindFit. It has been endorsed by leading neurologists, but I haven’t tried it yet myself. Find more good ideas on how to exercise your brain in this excellent book: The Sharp Brains Guide to Brain Fitness Forget Nintendo: Brain Age – it’s laughable! The...
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...intramurals; and interscholastic athletics, will be provided to meet the needs and interests of all students, in addition to planned physical education. It is recommended that children and adolescents participate in at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week, preferably daily. Students are more likely to participate in activities that are appropriate to their age and ability level. A variety of options should be available to students during and immediately following the school day and on weekends. School-based physical activities help to focus students on positive behavior and interaction with others, builds self-esteem, establishes personal values and is the basis for the development of lifelong exercise and physical activity. According to www.MyPyramid.gov the benefits of physical activity include: • • • • • • • • Improved self-esteem and feelings of well-being Increased fitness level Helps to build and maintain bones, muscles, and joints Builds endurance and muscle strength Enhances flexibility and posture Helps manage weight Lowers risk of heart disease, colon cancer, and type 2 diabetes Helps control blood pressure Age-appropriate physical activity opportunities (such as recess, before school, after school, during lunch, and through clubs, intramurals, and interscholastic athletics) will be provided to meet the needs and interests of all students, in addition to planned physical education. Plan Of Action: 1...
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...“BMI” means and then, you will calculate your own value and show the math work (or at least, explain how you arrived at your value). You will then, compare your individual BMI value to the standard tables and write up a short essay interpreting your value and defining whether you are underweight, normal weight or overweight. Once you have identified your weight status, you will then, detail an action plan for yourself, based on your values and your individual goals. Basically, depending on where your BMI values fall, you will write up a diet and exercise plan that helps you either gain weight, maintain your weight or lose weight. Plan must include both a dietary and physical activity component (3 sections of the iLab so far). Grading Rubric The breakdown for this 25 point iLab is as follows: Define BMI 4 points Calculate individual BMI (show equation and work) 6 points Compare & contrast BMI to standard tables and then, develop action plan for diet and physical activity based on your BMI assessment. Diet must include calories you will eat in one day as well as a snapshot of how you will eat. You must include the amounts and types of foods you plan on eating to support your BMI value. In the exercise plan should touch on 5 areas of a sound fitness plan and make sure to include specific exercises, reps, sets and duration. 15 points (3 pts for first part and 6 points each for diet and exercise plan-second and third...
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...harmful. They can cause frustration in working out and sometimes even lead to injury. One reason myths get started, is that we all react to exercise a little differently. So what's true for one person may not be true for another." (Harr, 2001) That said, experts say there are also some fitness myths that just need busting! Running on a Treadmill is Easier on the Knees Sorry, but it is the running itself that stresses the knees, not the surface you’re pounding. To ease the impact on your knees, experts advise varying your aerobic activities: mix running with riding a stationary bike or using the elliptical machine at the gym (Cool, 2012). Crunches Lead to Six-pack Abs Sure they will as long as you also get rid of any belly fat that obscures your abdominal muscles. While crunches strengthen muscles, they won’t burn off the fat in your belly. To flaunt your newly crunched abs you’ve got to trim the fat via diet, cardiovascular exercise and resistance training. And, of course, for crunches to work, you’ve got to learn to do them right (Cool, 2012). I can spot reduce. It's simply not possible to burn off fat in a specific body part by exercising that area. At best you might lose some water weight, giving you the impression that you spot reduced. But if you rehydrate, you'll see those stubborn inches magically reappear. Only regular exercise, including aerobic and...
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...Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of “Physical Education Teaching Methods” Jerome T. Gardner Columbia Southern University March 2011 Research Critique of “Physical Education Teaching Methods” Introduction The introduction of this article does give you a sense of importance of the problem in physical education. The area being talked about in this article is An instructional model is a "plan or pattern that can be used to shape curriculums (long-term courses of studies), to design instructional materials, and to guide instruction in the classroom or other settings" (Joyce & Weil, 1980, p. 1). The authors then go on about to say improvement in physical education to be an educational outcome and do not see the need to include additional outcomes. The absolute priority clearly requires applicants to propose projects that address physical education. More specifically, the absolute priority requires every applicant to develop, expand, or improve its physical education program and address its State's physical education standards. Statement of the problem The purpose of this study “is to analyze and evaluate and give insightful, critical, and logical to the points the authors made”. While the authors do list a purpose for the study they do not have a well-defined problem statement. They do say that a message from the school district, but they do not say how it would be beneficial. Review of Literature The literature review that was done by the authors...
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...Almost every field today has been affected by technology. Many innovations in the fields of sports have happened because technology has made them possible. In the house or at work we are constantly bombarded with technology to the extent that today we don’t give it a second thought, it is part and parcel of life. Sports equipment – a relatively young offshoot of technology seems to be growing leaps and bounds. Sports technology has changed the face of sports as we knew it. The application of technology in sport facility design has yielded real changes in terms of athlete use, spectator comfort and usable life span. Technology has meant that we can now calculate the speed of an athlete to fractions of a second. It has meant that an athlete can now win or lose despite a photo finish. Cameras capturing images to the second have made it possible to replay every action on the field to enable correct decisions. It has meant that games are now fairer. The element of chance and luck has been almost removed. Sports equipment refers to a large amount of equipment which is used in sports. Starting with the bats, and balls, and rackets to the shoes and socks and glasses there are a lot of things that come under the umbrella of Sports equipments. About 25 years ago tennis rackets were made from wood, with ash, maple etc. leading the way. Later in the sixties metal frames were introduced. Today composite rackets are the rage because of the efficiency they offer in...
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...Physical education is very important to me because. Physical education can give students an opportunity to take a break from academic study, get some fresh air and clear their head. If they've been listening to teachers, and reading and writing for hours at a time exercise can help wake them up a bit and make them feel more alert so that when they go back to class they are able to concentrate better and take more information in. It is all well and good for teachers to concentrate on cramming as many 'important' lessons into the timetable as possible, but doing so won't necessarily mean students learn more, particularly if they end up getting distracted due to a short attention span. Even if children do not want to do the exercise just walking around talking to friends helps them relax and makes them better students for the rest of classes. 2. You have been invited to speak to the PTO in your community on the topic”The role of physical education in the community”prepared a speech that described the role of physical education and present it to your class. With obesity at an all time high, schools and communities are encouraging students to take part in activities that require physical involvement, be it in the form of exercise or sports. Some rec centers and schools even have their own fitness centers to give students and member of the community a chance to enroll in their active programs. Schools and community today are conscious about such issues, they stress on the importance...
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...Introduction Human resource management, with accord to Mondy (2005:5) defines that "staffing, human resource development, compensation and benefits, safety and health, and employee and labor relations" are five functional areas to determine the effectiveness and performance of an institution. With regard to the writer's approach, this paper is going to merely focus on two perspectives: staffing and human resource development in order to examine the data collected from the government, for instance, Hong Kong Police Force. The paper will, then, discuss and criticize the findings by means of job analysis, job description/specification, recruitment, selection, interviewing and performance appraisal. Data analysis and Discussion Hong Kong Police Force is one of the public organizations, which is to maintain law and order to reduce the incidence of crime in Hong Kong. There are several departments in Hong Kong Police Force, which work as a whole with the same above-mentioned mission. The data will be discussed in the following sections: -Job analysis methods and Job description/specification - Regarding Mondy's job analysis methods, Hong Kong Police Force makes use of a combination of methods (see appendix 1-3) to carry out questionnaires, observation and interviews. Questionnaires are structured as written examination (see appendix 1-3) so as to test the language competence of the candidates. In order to observe physical and mental performance, observation...
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...Case Studies #1: Mr. MacPherson Mr. MacPherson came into the ER with burns on both of his arms and hands and on his face as the result of a grease fire in his kitchen. He complained of severe pain. His burns showed signs of blistering, swelling and fluid loss. According to the “rule of nines” (Thibodeau & Patton, 2010), it appears this patient has suffered burns over approximately 14% of his body surface (4.5% for each arm and 4.5% face for a total of 13.5%). These would be classified as second-degree burns (“Types of burns”, 2012) which involve the first two layers of skin and show signs of pain and blistering of which Mr. MacPherson complained. As a note of comparison, first-degree burns involve the top layer of skin, such as in sun-burn, and show signs of reddening, painful to touch, and mild swelling. Third-degree burns penetrate the entire thickness of skin and permanently destroy tissue layers, resulting in skin that is dry and leathery, appearing charred or having patches which appear white, brown, or black. Remarkably third-degree burns are often painless, although pain may be caused by patches of first- and second-degree burns which often surround third-degree burns (“Types of burns”, 2012). Case Studies #2: Margie Margie, who plays center on the women’s varsity basketball tem, complains that her knee is very sore and she felt a “pop” during a scrimmage tumble. Her knee, the largest and most vul-nerable joint in her body, buckles under her weight. ...
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...PULMONARY REHABILITATION HOME RECOMMENDATIONS CREATED FOR: Medications: It is important to take your medications as directed for maximum benefit. Your prescriptions should provide you with an adequate supply for a month, with one refill. It is important for you to see your primary physician for further follow-up and prescription refills. Two vaccines are very important for people with chronic lung disease: 1. Pneumococcal Vaccine You should have this vaccine as recommended by your physician. 2. Influenza Vaccine You should plan to have this vaccine every year in the fall. Oxygen Therapy: Your oximetry level at rest was _ % without supplemental oxygen. While walking at a comfortable pace using pursed-lip breathing your oximetry was _ %. These values indicate that supplemental oxygen is not needed at this time. Keeping Your Airways Clear: Prevention of lung infections will be very important for you because it may cause further damage to your lungs. It is unlikely that you will be able to avoid infection entirely, but you can have less frequent infections and minimize their negative effects by taking the following precautions: • Avoid smoke and breathing other inhaled irritants into your lungs. • Avoid people who have respiratory infections, and stay away from large crowds in the fall and winter (flu season). • Get your flu shot each fall. • Build up your immune system and resistance by getting enough rest and sleep;...
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...This is an eight week program that is designed for beginning runners. The design of this program assumes that you are a healthy individual with no medical or physical conditions that would limit your participation in an exercise program. You should consult with your doctor before beginning any exercise program. 8 Week training schedule This 8-week beginners program is designed for individuals with little or no background in running. The workout starts out with only walking and gradually advances to walk/run workouts and finally to all running. If you feel you are a bit more advanced and would like to start with some running right away, choose your appropriate point in the program to start. Just remember not to start out too quickly. If you have not exercised before, are over 40 years of age or have any injury or medical condition, you must get clearance from your doctor before beginning this program. The Workouts This program contains rest days, walking and easy runs. This is a very basic training program and is intended only to increase your fitness level to the point at which you can run 2 miles without stopping. Do not worry about speed. After you complete this program, you can move on to more advanced programs that will further improve your speed and endurance. You will monitor and adjust the intensity of these workouts using the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. This is a scale that rates your workouts by how you feel. The ratings range from 1 (very light),...
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...The Association of Physical Activity and Stress in College Students Shaye Sedotal University of New Orleans Abstract The purpose of this study is to measure the relationship between physical activity and stress levels among college students. The sample comprised of 27% males (N=18) and 73% (N=48) females with a mean age of 23.6 years and an age range of 19 to 54. 51% (N=34) of the participants were Caucasian, 22% (N=15) were African American, 9% (N=6) Hispanic, and 7% (N=10) were of other ethnic backgrounds. 0% (N=0) were freshman, 8% (N=5) were sophomores, 36% (N=24) were juniors, and 56% (N=37) were seniors. Participants completed questionnaires about stress and physical activity. Results indicated that the relationship between physical activity and stress levels among college students were significantly correlated. The benefits of regular physical activity have been shown to positively affect wellness by reducing stress in college students. This research contained limitations such as small, non-random sample size and limited amount of questions pertaining to the study in the survey. The Association of Physical Activity and Stress in College Students The transition into young adult hood, which is often marked by beginning college, can be a particularly stressful time. Having to balance classes, test, projects, extra curricular activities, and work can increase stress levels in any student. Stress that is caused by college is...
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