...I spy The story is about a twelve year old boy, Charlie Stowe who wants to smoke a cigarette because some boys at school tease him with never having smoked a cigarette. His father owns a tobacconist store underneath the house. In that store, there is cigarettes. He sneaks into the shop to steal some cigarettes, but he hides because his father and some men are at the shop. The father offers the men cigarettes but they do not want them, because they are on duty. As the father and the men go out Charlie sneaks into his room and falls asleep. The story is properly very old and it take place in England and more precisely in an irregular house close to the sea. I can see that because Woodbine and Gold Flake are very old cigarette packs, which was very popular in England back then. Moreover, I can see that the story takes place close to the sea because he mentions the wind blew from the sea (page 1 line 4). I cannot exactly come up with a date, but it could be in the First or Second World War. I can see that when the main character uses words as “Huns” and “Zeppelins.” Huns was an old word for a German soldier and it was mostly used as slang. Zeppelins was a German airship. I think Charlie and his family live in a rich environment. I can see that because his father has a store. They have a house and Charlie goes in a county school. Charlie is twelve years old. He has a father and mother. He goes in a county School where some schoolmates tease him because he never has smoked a...
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...Consumer Behavior Paper and Questionnaire Constance Ordish MKT/554 May 7, 2012 Ruby A Rouse, PhD Consumer Behavior Paper and Questionnaire Most of the negative publicity found on the Internet about flavored cigarettes centers on the marketing of the cigarettes and not the product itself. Among smokers between ages 18 to 25 the cigarettes are met with warm welcome. Smokers welcome the change from normal cigarettes and like more flavor options to choose from. The previous methods of marketing flavored cigarettes are under fire. It is commonly believed that the tobacco companies are targeting children and teenagers to hook these customers at a tender age to create lifelong consumers. “Collier County Health Department says it’s a shameless ploy that’s gaining steam. “They know that children are attracted to sweet products, and if they get them hooked on the sweet products then they have a lifetime user,” Rachel Kleist of the Collier County Health Department….According to a 2010 statewide survey, the candy-flavored tobacco trend is catching on. 17.6% of Collier County youth between the ages of 11 and 17 have tried it and 19.9% in Lee County.” ("Cigarette Flavours", 2012). To counter the previous reputation of flavored cigarette marketing to children, Exotic Smokes will make every effort to develop a marketing campaign directed to smokers within its targeted consumer group and not any younger than 18. The ads will be presented only in magazines generally read by the target...
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...I spy The story is about a twelve year old boy, Charlie Stowe who wants to smoke a cigarette because some boys at school tease him with never having smoked a cigarette. His father owns a tobacconist store underneath the house. In that store, there is cigarettes. He sneaks into the shop to steal some cigarettes, but he hides because his father and some men are at the shop. The father offers the men cigarettes but they do not want them, because they are on duty. As the father and the men go out Charlie sneaks into his room and falls asleep. The story is properly very old and it take place in England and more precisely in an irregular house close to the sea. I can see that because Woodbine and Gold Flake are very old cigarette packs, which was very popular in England back then. Moreover, I can see that the story takes place close to the sea because he mentions the wind blew from the sea (page 1 line 4). I cannot exactly come up with a date, but it could be in the First or Second World War. I can see that when the main character uses words as “Huns” and “Zeppelins.” Huns was an old word for a German soldier and it was mostly used as slang. Zeppelins was a German airship. I think Charlie and his family live in a rich environment. I can see that because his father has a store. They have a house and Charlie goes in a county school. Charlie is twelve years old. He has a father and mother. He goes in a county School where some schoolmates tease him because he never has smoked a...
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...Las investigaciones sociológicas de Max Weber sobre la relación entre el político y el científico son esenciales en Ciencia Política. Weber deja insinuado el tratamiento de dos campos diferentes de la acción humana que a nuestro juicio son: el político busca la verdad de clase y el científico la verdad objetiva; el primero defiende intereses de grupo o clase social y su arma teórica es la ideología y el segundo defiende integralidades conceptuales de la humanidad y su arma teórica es la ciencia. Lucaks recordó la definición de ideología como conciencia falsa de la realidad, falsa en el sentido que es sesgada por los intereses económicos principalmente del grupo o clase social que la sustenta. Contrariu sensu la definición de Ciencia podría enunciarse como conciencia cierta de la realidad, por ser objetiva, integral, independiente de los intereses económicos. Max Weber, el Político y el Científico Max Weber, (Efurt 1864 - Munich 1920), historiador y sociólogo alemán. Estudió economia, derecho y filosofia. Nacionalista y a la vez liberal, se opuso a la política de los epígonos de Bismarck y formó parte de la comisión redactora de la constitución de Weimar. Sus trabajos abarcan muchos aspectos y muy variados, y solamente de una manera parcial manifiestan las tensiones internas del autor y sus enfrentamientos con los utilitaristas, los marxistas y los historicistas. Preocupado por la influencia mutua de los intereses materiales i espirituales en la interacción de las clases...
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...Classical Social Thought (SP 212) Semester 1, 2012-13 Lecturer: Tony Varley Room 309, Second Floor, Árus Moyola Office Hours: Monday: 5-6pm; Wednesday: 4-5pm. Email: tony.varley@nuigalway.ie Course Description: The classical sociological tradition has been heavily dominated by the writings of Marx, Weber and Durkheim. Each of these three theorists has carved out a distinctive approach to the study of society and, in the process, has contributed substantially to our understanding of the transition from pre-modern to modern society. There are many who would argue that the ideas of these three classical figures continue to have much to offer to an understanding of contemporary society and politics. There are several possible ways to study the ideas of Marx, Weber and Durkheim. In this course we will attempt to take a thematic and comparative approach by comparing the views of Marx, Weber and Durkheim on a number of central topics. We will look therefore at their ideas concerning the methods appropriate to the study of society, their views on class and the division of labour, on democratic politics and the state and on culture, religion and ideology. Our discussion will begin with a consideration of what a ‘classical’ tradition might look like in the social sciences; and of why Marx, Weber and Durkheim merit inclusion as the most significant members within such a tradition. For a fuller appreciation of the classical tradition in social theory there is no substitute...
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...There are many different perspectives of the family. Each different view sees different things as the main role of the family. Marxists view the family in a very belittled manner. They believe that the main role of the family is to serve the interests of capitalism and bourgeoisie. They also believe that the family cushions the main provider. Marx’s views on the capitalist mode of production highlights the exploitative nature of the eco system. He displays how the middle class take advantage of the working class and their labour; the working class are a tool used to create profit and to keep profit at a reasonable level. Marx argues that the monogamous middle class nuclear family developed to help them solve the problem of the inheritance of private property. The men needed to know who their children were in order to pass on their property to their heirs. The family was therefore thought to be by Marxists as designed to control women and protect property. The Middle class nuclear family is emerged with capitalism. It is patriarchal as designed to guarantee and encourage male power through the inheritance of property. It therefore serves the interests of capitalism. Marxists would argue that families are a unit of reproduction, they believe that the family is essential in the reproduction of the labour force. In pre capitalist society people only grew staple foods, drank water and lived simple life’s. People choose to have numerous children. More children meant more farm hands...
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...Organizational Behavior Psychology Term Paper By James Bishop Instructor: William Lucht Rachel Carson Elementary School, a subsystem of the Montgomery County Public Schools, was built in 1990. The goals of the school are to maintain the proper education for its students. Rachel Carson provides the setting for my examination of various organizational theories. The theories under examination are McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y and Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory. McGregor’s Theory X assumes that people are basically lazy and need to be coerced into performing effectively. I illustrated this by comparing the teachers to management (these are the individuals who give rewards and recognition to get students to work). I also compared the pupils to workers (individuals needing coercion to fulfill expectations). McGregor’s Theory Y assumes that individuals seek autonomy. This theory is best depicted by Rachel Carson’s administration and its teachers. Teachers are allowed to manage their classrooms with minimal administration intervention. Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory believes organizations should function like machines using the concept of bureaucracy. This concept was best depicted by the entire Rachel Carson staff and how it abides by the rules set forth by the Montgomery County Public Schools. Montgomery County Public School System was established in the early nineteenth century. The goals of education for the school system were adored in 1958. Since then, the goals have...
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...1. How would you distinguish the difference between a leader and an authority figure? Give an example? Give an example. Answer: Leaders are trusted for their judgment and respected for their expertise, integrity etc and hence followed and not because they hold a certain position. While the Authority Figure is a person a person who’s real or apparent authority over others inspires or demands obedience and emulation. The authority exercised is a kind of legitimate power and people follow figures exercising it, because their positions demand so irrespective of the person holding the position. Example: 1. Parents and teachers are traditional authority figure for the children. Example 2: Mahatma Gandhi for most part did not hold any official position to lead the Indian freedom struggle. 2. In what ways do leaders reflect the group’s value? Answer: It’s the leaders that run the organization. They make the important decisions that affect the lives of their followers. If a leader didn’t show a good attitude to its member automatically they will lose respect to this person, for example, what do you think of a store or restaurant when they have a horrible manager? Same with a bad coach on a sports team. You lose faith in them. 3. Explain this statement: “A man who commands efficiently must have obeyed others in the past” Answer: This statement tells us that if the person who acts good and respectful they must be obeyed by someone. Like for example in a sports team if the coach shows...
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...WASHINGTON — The need for revenue to partly cover the extension of the payroll tax cut and long-term unemployment benefits has pushed Congress to embrace a generational shift in the country’s media landscape: the auction of public airwaves now used for television broadcasts to create more wireless Internet systems. If a compromise bill completed Thursday by Congress is approved as expected by this weekend, the result will eventually be faster connections for smartphones, iPads and other data-hungry mobile devices. Their explosive popularity has overwhelmed the ability, particularly in big cities, for systems to quickly download maps, video games and movies. The measure would be a rare instance of the government compensating private companies with the proceeds from an auction of public property — broadcast licenses — once given free. The auctions, which are projected to raise more than $25 billion, would also further the Obama administration’s broadband expansion plans and create a nationwide communications network for emergency workers that would allow police, fire and other responders from different departments and jurisdictions to talk to each other directly. Public safety officials have wanted such a seamless communications system ever since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The sweeping changes are even more remarkable because they resulted not from an effort to address communications policy, but from a hard-fought bipartisan compromise to extend a payroll tax holiday...
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...appear in a "hierarchical development order". States progress from charismatic authority, to traditional authority, and finally reach the state of rational-legal authority which is characteristic of a modern liberal democracy. However in this paper, we will try to agree with Max Weber’s statement that, legal – rational authority is the most rational type of authority, while giving reasons to our argument. In English, the word 'authority' can be used to mean power given by the state (in the form of Members of Parliament, Judges, Police Officers, etc.) or by academic knowledge of an area (someone can be an authority on a subject). The word "Authority" with capital "A”, refers to the governing body upon which such authority (with lower case "a") is vested ( Arendt, 1961: 53). However, authority is often used interchangeably in governments with the term "power". However, their meanings differ. Authority refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise power (Spencer, 1970: 258). For example, while a mob has the power to punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider that only a court of law to have the authority to order capital punishment. Max Weber, in his sociological and philosophical work, identified and distinguished three types of legitimate domination that have sometimes been rendered in English translation as types of authority, because domination isn't seen as a political concept in the first place. Weber...
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...Running head: UNWRAPPING ISLLC STANDARD NUMBER Unwrapping ISLLC Standard Number 1 Myka N. Walker Grand Canyon University: EDA 534 January 11, 2012 The initial collaborative learning community assignment was the unwrapping of ISLLC standard number one. A multiplicity of issues was anticipated in the beginning as this was a group assignment. Typically, group assignments can be challenging due to the varying opinions of the group’s membership. In reality, only two problems arose during the unwrapping process. The first problem surfaced in the beginning of the week. Several members of the group were unsure of how to complete the assignment. A discussion took place and each member contributed thoughts about what the assignment required and how it should be completed. The second problem was the division of work. Each of the ISLLC standards consists of four facets: knowledge, skills, enduring understandings and essential questions. There are five members in the yellow group. One group member quickly assumed the leadership role and created a rotating schedule. The schedule allows each person to tackle a different facet of the standards each week. The schedule also allows each person to compile the assignments and submit them. This was a very equitable way to split the work and all group members agreed to follow the schedule. The unwrapping of the ISLLC standards is a valuable process for any future principal. If the standards are going to be tool...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction of Organizational structure 1.1.1 Background of Organizational structure The environment is dynamic and is changing day by day. Organization set up in such dynamic environment needs to adapt and survive in such hostile conditions to achieve the organizational goals and objective. Organizational structures developed from the ancient times of hunters and collectors in tribal organizations through highly royal and clerical power structures to industrial structures and today's post-industrial structures. As pointed out by L. B. Mohr, the early theorists of organizational structure, Taylor, Fayol, and Weber "saw the importance of structure for effectiveness and efficiency and assumed without the slightest question that whatever structure was needed, people could fashion accordingly”. Organizational structure was considered a matter of choice. When in the 1930s, the rebellion began that came to be known as human relations theory, there was still not a denial of the idea of structure as an artefact, but rather an advocacy of the creation of a different sort of structure, one in which the needs, knowledge, and opinions of employees might be given greater recognition." However, a different view arose in the 1960s, suggesting that the organizational structure is "an externally caused phenomenon, an outcome rather than an artefact." In the 21st century, organizational theorists such as Lim, Griffiths, and Sambrook (2010) are once again...
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...What major prerequisites allowed the industrial revolution to begin in Britain? Somewhere between 1740 and 1780, Britain experienced a series of rapid economic and social changes. This was to be the beginning of the Industrial revolution. Whilst this revolution would spread to other major countries around the world, it is undeniable that it all started off in Britain. There are many reasons for this, and it is important to note that there was nothing particularly unique about Britain in comparison with the rest of Europe, it was simply a combination of factors came together at the right time for Britain and allowed it to gain a head start in its own industrial revolution. One of the reasons why Britain’s industrial revolution began first actually has a large element of luck involved. Britain was very fortunate in that it had a large amount of natural resources, especially coal, that could be mined. This meant that Britain did not have to rely on foreign trade in order to manufacture their own goods, they could simply mine it for themselves. Iron was another natural resource that Britain was lucky to have in abundance. Both coal and iron would prove to be crucial in the construction of railways, which were vital for transporting resources, goods and people around the country at a much faster rate than had previously been possible. Coal and iron would also be required to build and, subsequently, fuel the factory machines that would manufacture all of Britain’s industrial goods...
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...| A bureaucracy is the most effective organisational structure The bureaucracy consist of a suffix cracy which derives from Greek word kratis, means power or rule which is exercised by bureaucrats who sit behind their bureaux, or desks making and administering the rules that are to guide organisation activity. In bureaucrats organisation the highest position has ultimate power to running the organisation (Morgan, 2006). Weber a German sociologist, studies the bureaucracy structure and mainly on power and authority. He pointed out definitions of tasks and responsibilities within the structure of management gives rise to a permanent administration, regulation of work procedures and change in the actual holders of office. The term of bureaucracy has been criticised as official rules and processes that seem unnecessary (red tape) and cause delays although, it only applies to certain structural features of formal organisations. Weber analysed it as idea type which is the most characteristic feature of all known organisations. He saw the development of bureaucracies as a very important part in human social life. In bureaucratic organisation the tasks are allocated as official duties among the various positions. A hierarchical authority applies to the organisation of offices and positions. Uniformity of decisions and action is achieved through formally established systems of rules and regulations. Together with a structure of authority, this enables the co-ordination of various...
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...In recent years Paolo de Cesare was very successful at the head of the European and Japanese Max Factor divisions, but the idea of taking the SK-II that was so successful in the Japanese market global is very risky. Up until the 1980's, P&G Japan was only a minor contributor to the P&G international growth. In 1985, Durk Jager found that the key reasons for the failure lied in the fact that they had not recognized the distinctive needs of the Japanese consumer. Over the next four years under his management changes were made to research, advertising and distribution that provided a 270% increase in sales, and Jager assumed the position of group vice president for Asia. However, in the 1990s the business could not keep up with the competitors in the Japanese market. Just as indicated in the article "Philips versus Matsushita," the organization began to be more focused on the structure of the company than the strategy of the company and where it was going. Jager then developed Organization 2005, his strategy in the rapid development and roll out of new products globally, which also involved several management changes. Just as indicated in the article "Philips versus Matsushita," the organization began to be more focused on the structure of the company than the strategy of the company and where it was going. One of the changes in O2005 was the promotion of Paolo de Cesare to head Max Factor Japan and was faced with the dilemma of whether or not the SK-II could break into the global...
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