...Looking for the music in John Cage’s “4.33” John Milton Cage born in 1915 is one of the best known experimental composers of our time. Cage began to create music that broke the boundaries of form and structure. He had a strong belief that every sound should be considered as a form of music. By combining his theories of invention with his compositional techniques he led music into the modern world. Many music critics have suggested that Cage was more of an inventor rather than a composer. Speaking on Cage, Arnold Schoenberg (1994) states “Of course he's not a composer, but he's an inventor -- of genius” (Perloff & Junkerman, P 157). Whether an inventor or composer, there is no denying that Cage’s composition “4.33” also known as “four and a half minutes of silence” has led to considerable controversy. It has also forced us to look closely at the definition of music. The 1952 piece, in which performer David Tudor sat at the piano for four minutes and thirty-three seconds marking off the time in three movements but did not play a single note, tested the idea that there is no such thing as silence. Cage (1988) claims that “Everything we do is music" and “try as we may to make a silence, we cannot.”(Kostelanetz, 1988, P69-70). I intend to examine “4.33” and determine whether it is possible for us to appreciate Cage’s ideology and hear the music in his favourite composition. Cage was heavily influenced by the eastern philosophy and it taught him to perceive music in a whole...
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...FOR A DIFFERENT FREE SUDOKU PUZZLE EACH DAY CLICK HERE Easy-1 3 8 6 5 7 2 1 5 7 9 3 3 1 1 7 3 8 4 2 8 3 6 1 5 8 9 2 7 1 2 9 4 2 9 1 7 6 6 Easy-2 2 3 1 4 8 1 7 3 5 6 2 4 7 3 8 6 9 1 6 5 2 8 5 7 9 2 7 3 9 4 7 6 8 1 3 Easy-3 9 2 1 5 4 7 6 2 1 2 4 5 8 6 8 4 3 5 3 2 9 6 1 8 4 2 5 7 6 7 6 8 9 8 9 2 1 Easy-4 6 5 2 1 8 9 1 7 2 1 2 6 5 5 2 3 9 6 8 4 6 1 2 4 3 6 9 8 1 8 7 6 4 2 Easy-5 4 9 3 8 7 2 9 6 1 8 9 7 1 3 4 2 9 1 5 8 8 2 7 2 9 4 5 7 6 8 2 1 6 3 4 Easy-6 1 4 2 1 5 8 7 8 3 2 2 4 9 6 5 3 1 5 8 3 2 9 3 2 6 4 9 5 5 6 5 4 8 3 Easy-7 7 6 5 8 9 1 2 6 4 5 7 6 9 2 3 1 6 9 2 5 6 9 7 4 5 4 7 2 1 8 9 6 1 9 Easy-8 9 7 3 8 7 2 3 1 4 7 9 8 4 7 5 8 1 4 7 6 8 2 5 9 8 4 3 2 2 5 5 8 3 3 6 2 Easy-9 1 7 7 5 5 4 3 8 1 5 2 6 4 5 7 8 6 9 3 1 2 7 1 9 3 8 9 5 7 5 2 6 2 8 Easy-10 9 7 3 2 9 6 4 9 5 5 7 9 5 1 9 4 5 1 3 8 2 1 4 1 7 9 1 6 7 8 3 2 6 1 9 3 Easy-11 4 9 6 2 3 5 9 4 6 1 3 4 9 1 4 7 6 3 6 1 8 6 9 4 5 1 5 3 1 3 8 7 3 2 Easy-12 2 4 7 6 1 5 4 9 6 3 7 9 4 6 8 9 4 2 3 6 2 3 3 8 5 9 4 7 5 3 6 3 5 Easy-13 3 2 1 9 7 9 4 9 8 6 2 4 6 5 6 1 4 5 3 7 6 6 1 2 4 6 2 8 1 4 5 8 9 2 4 8 7 5 Easy-14 2 4 5 7 7 8 8 1 9 2 2 9 1 4 3 5 8 4 3 2 3 6 7 1 7 4 3 9 1 7 2 1 7 6 8 Easy-15 1 3 8 4 7 4 5 1 3 2 8 7 8 4 6 2 7 5 2 7 3 8 6 7 5 5 3 4 9 4 4 2 3 7 1 6 9 Easy-16 2 3 7 5 4 8 4 8 7 9 4 5 8 7 1 2 2 9 5 1 8 6 1 6 2 3 1 9 2 7 2 5 9 7 Easy-17 7 6 1 9 3 7 3 8 2 2 4 9 1 7 3 4 2 8 9 6 2 5 5 8 4 9 8 6 1 3 6 3 5 7 9 Easy-18 8 9 4 9 5 7...
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...CHAPTER 2 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES PROBLEMS 2-1. (Ruby Corporation) At 8% Bond issue price Nominal interest for 2013 Interest expense for 2013 Premium/discount amortization in 2013 Bond carrying value at December 31, 2012 Nominal interest for 2014 Interest expense for 2014 Premium/discount amortization in 2014 Bond carrying value at December 31, 2014 5,405,725 250,000 216,229 33,771 5,371,954 500,000 428,351 71,649 5,300,305 At 12% 4,632,025 250,000 277,922 27,922 4,659,947 500,000 560,970 60,970 4,720,917 Computations: At 8% Issue price = (5,000,000 x 0.6756) + (250,000 x 8.1109) = 3,378,000 + 2,027,725 = 5,405,725 Date A Interest Paid B Interest Expense C Premium Amortization 06/30/13 12/31/13 06/30/14 12/31/14 250,000 250,000 250,000 216,229 214,878 213,473 33,771 35,122 36,527 A B = = D Bond Carrying Value 5,405,725 5,371,954 5,336,832 5,300,305 Face value x 5% Carrying value, beg of year x 4% At 12% Issue price = (5,000,000 x 0.5584) + (250,000 x 7.3601) = 2,792,000 + 1,840,025 = 4,632,025 Date A Interest Paid B Interest Expense C Discount Amortization D Bond Carrying Value 06/30/13 12/31/13 06/30/14 12/31/14 250,000 250,000 250,000 277,922 279,597 281,373 27,922 29,597 31,373 4,632,025 4,659,947 4,689,544 4,720,917 A B 2-2. = = Face value x 5% Carrying value, beg of year x 6% (Fire Company) (a) Issue price Present value of face value (4,000,000 x 0.6756) Present value of interest payments (200,000 x 8.1109) Issue price P2,702,400 1,622,180...
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...CMOS Analog Circuit Design (2nd Ed.) Homework Solutions : 9/20/2002 1 Chapter 1 Homework Solutions 1.1-1 Using Eq. (1) of Sec 1.1, give the base-10 value for the 5-bit binary number 11010 (b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ordering). From Eq. (1) of Sec 1.1 we have bN-1 2 + b N-2 2 + bN-3 2 + ...+ b0 2-N = -1 -2 -3 ∑bN-i2-i i=1 N 1 1 0 1 0 1 × 2-1 + 1× 2-2 + 0 × 2-3 + 1 × 2-4 + 0 × 2-5 = 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 26 13 = 32 = 16 32 1.1-2 Process the sinusoid in Fig. P1.2 through an analog sample and hold. The sample points are given at each integer value of t/T. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sample times t __ T Figure P1.1-2 1.1-3 Digitize the sinusoid given in Fig. P1.2 according to Eq. (1) in Sec. 1.1 using a four-bit digitizer. Amplitude CMOS Analog Circuit Design (2nd Ed.) Homework Solutions : 9/20/2002 2 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 1111 1110 1101 1100 1010 1000 0110 0101 0011 0010 0010 1000 Amplitude 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sample times t __ T Figure P1.1-3 The figure illustrates the digitized result. At several places in the waveform, the digitized value must resolve a sampled value that lies equally between two digital values. The resulting digitized value could be either of the two values as illustrated in the list below. Sample Time 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4-bit Output 1000 1100 1110 1111 or 1110 1101 1010 0110 0011 0010 or 0001 0010 0101 1000 ...
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...FRANK WOOD’S business accounting TENTH EDITION 1 FRANK WOOD & ALAN SANGSTER Additional student support at www.pearsoned.co.uk/wood FRANK WOOD’S business accounting 1 Visit the Business Accounting, tenth edition Companion Website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/wood to find valuable student learning material including: l l l l l l Learning objectives for each chapter Multiple choice questions to help test your learning Review questions and answers Links to relevant sites on the web Searchable online glossary Flashcards to test your knowledge of key terms and definitions Frank Wood 1926–2000 FRANK WOOD’S business accounting TENTH EDITION 1 FRANK WOOD BSc (Econ), FCA and ALAN SANGSTER BA, MSc, Cert TESOL, CA Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE and Associated Companies throughout the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at www.pearsoned.co.uk First edition published in 1967 Second edition published under the Longman imprint in 1972 Third edition published in 1979 Fourth edition published in 1984 Fifth edition published in 1989 Sixth edition published in 1993 Seventh edition published in 1996 Eighth edition published under the Financial Times Pitman Publishing imprint in 1999 Ninth edition published in 2002 Tenth edition published 2005 © Frank Wood 1967 © Longman Group UK Limited 1972, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1993 © Pearson Professional Limited 1996 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1999 © Pearson Education Limited...
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