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Me Me Me

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Submitted By rumbidzai434
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Ground water comes from water bearing rocks (aquifers) which act as underground reservoirs and from which water is extracted by wells and bore holes – these must be porous (tiny spaces between the grains as in chalk or sandstone or pervious – with gaps and fractures such as limestone, so it is restricted to appropriate geology i.e. sedimentary basins. It is high value as it is generally cheaper, and easier to abstract and treat, as it does not require reservoirs to be built or extensive pipelines, and needs less treatment as it is usually of higher quality than river water. For some arid lands such as the Middle East, ground water is of vital importance because the lack of significant surface water. Aquifers supply 50% of the world’s drinking water, 40% of water used for industry and 30% of irrigation water.

Many subterranean reservoirs straddle international borders; for example on the resource there are six examples of aquifers in major basins which are shared between several countries, and one in the US Midwest which has to be shared between eight states. In the Middle East and the USA the situation is crucial as aquifers are over exploited with water extracted faster than is replenished and in some areas it is just not replenished. In some cases those sharing the basin are sworn enemies (e.g. Israel and Palestine).

The sharing of aquifers is very difficult as they are hidden from view, and can be exploited for years before the damage becomes obvious, and there is no international legal framework to sort out disputes.

Problems from falling water tables (caused by over extraction) as in the Ogallalla aquifer in the American Mid West can cause issues. Near the coast, sea water seepage can occur, making the ground water unusable unless desalinated, and also lack of water can lead to loss of rice harvests and food insecurity. Damage is also very hard

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