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Mechanical Engineer

In: Business and Management

Submitted By Delia
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Las condiciones físicas de Veracruz facilitaron el asentamiento.Primera gran civilización de Mesoamérica: Los Olmecas.En Cempoala se concretó el apogeo de esta cultura, ya que ahí sucedieron dos hechos importantes: las conquistas de la Triple Alianza y la española.La última etapa cultural del Pánuco abarcó de 1200 a 1519 y representó la época de mayor grandeza de la cultura huasteca.La conquista española penetró en México por lo que hoy es el estado de Veracruz.El 22 de abril de 1519, Hernán Cortés desembarcó en la playa de Chalchihuecan como continuación de la campaña iniciada por Juan de Grijalva apenas un año antes. La isla fue bautizada como San Juan de Ulúa.En este lugar Cortés decidió fundar el primer ayuntamiento español en tierra firme, y eligió para ello el Viernes Santo, el día de Semana Santa conocido como de la Vera Cruz. De esta narración viene el nombre de la pequeña población la cual se llamaría Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz.En 1609, un negro llamado Yanga, encabezó una insurrección que fue combatida por los españoles, el líder negro perdió la batalla, continuando la lucha lo que obligó al gobierno a firmar un pacto de amnistía, por medio del cual, los negros consiguieron su libertad y el derecho a fundar el pueblo de San Lorenzo de Zerral, hoy municipio de Yanga. En este territorio veracruzano se da por primera vez la abolición de la esclavitud en el continente americano.El traslado de la Nueva Veracruz a tierra firme, asentado su división por el río Tenoya, con el correr del tiempo desaparece, para albergar a más habitantes, se construye la Casa de Cabildo hecha de material y sin torre aún, se le otorga el título de ciudad.Fue hasta 1853 cuando Don Antonio López de Santa Anna, siendo Presidente de la República Mexicana decreta la anexión del Distrito de Tuxpan y Chicontepec al Departamento de Veracruz, con lo cual quedó conformado el territorio veracruzano con la extensión que actualmente ostenta.Se dice que la historia de Veracruz está ligada al puerto, ya que por él salían hacia el Viejo Mundo los galeones cargados de guajolote, maíz y frijol y más tarde los cargamentos de oro y plata con los que América financiaba la riqueza de la Corona española.Fue desede este lugar donde partió la expedición de Cortés hacia Tenochtitlán que terminaría por cambiar la historia de la región. Durante mucho tiempo el pueblo veracruzano estuvo oprimido al igual que el del resto del país, asi que también se sumó activamente a las insurrecciones que terminarían acabando con la dominación española.Fue en el puerto de Veracruz donde se llevo a cabo el último combate contra las fuerzas leales a la Corona española luego de 26 meses de asedio.En 1860 durante la Guerra de Reforma, Benito Juárez estableció en Veracruz la capital del país y fue allí donde llegó Maximiliano de Habsburgo para imponer la monarquía. A veracruz se le llama "La cuatro veces heroica" por haber sido escenario de cuatro de los acontecimientos más importantes en la defensa de la soberanía nacional; en los que la población lucho heroicamente contra invasores extranjero: * El 18 de noviembre de 1825, con la rendición de las últimas fuerzas españolas guarnecidas en la fortaleza de San Juan de Ulúa. * El 27 de noviembre de 1838, por el bombardeo de las fuerzas francesas durante la Guerra de los Pasteles. * El 22 de marzo de 1847, por el bombardeo de las fuerzas norteamericanas en la Guerra de Intervención Norteamericana. * El 21 y 22 de abril de 1914 por la defensa durante el desembarco de las tropas norteamericanas.Hoy en día Veracruz y su puerto siguen destacando, ya que sus costas son una fuente importante de riqueza, debido a la explotación pesquera y petrolífera así como al intercambio comercial que se realiza en esta zona portuaria más importante del país. | |
Una vez fundada la Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, Cortés nombró el ayuntamiento, primer órgano político-administrativo. EL mismo s nombró capitán general y justicia mayor; allí escribió la primera de cinco cartas, que mandó al monarca español para justificar su proceder.
La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz fue fundada por el conquistador español Hernán Cortés, por Francisco de Montejo y Alonso Hernández de Portocarrero, el 22 de abril de 1519 en las playas que se encontraban frente al islote de San Juan de Ulúa, llamadas Chalchihuecan; fundando el 10 de julio de 1519 como Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz lo que se convirtió en el Primer Ayuntamiento de América continental y la Primera Ciudad fundada por europeos en toda América Continental.
En 1524, Veracruz volvió a cambiar de asentamientos hacia donde hoy se encuentra La Antigua, a orillas del río Huitzilapan; hasta 1599, el rey Felipe II de España decretó que Veracruz fuese transferida de la Antigua a su primitivo y actual lugar de orig

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