...Media Terms & Definitions A, B •Average frequency •The average number of times an individual or household is exposed to a station, program or advertisement. •Average frequency can be calculated by dividing the total TARP’s of a schedule by its unduplicated reach. Let us assume a schedule delivers 320 rating points and that this schedule gives an unduplicated reach of 80%. •Average Frequency = 320/80 = 4.0 •i.e. in other words the 80% of people exposed to the schedule were on average exposed 4.0 times. •Formula: Total TARP’s = Average Frequency Reach % •Audience •Generally taken to mean the number of people who have had an opportunity to see, hear or read an advertising message. •Billboard •An identifying announcement of sponsorship at the beginning, end, or in advertising breaks of radio and television programs. C •Cumulative Audience •Also referred to as “Reach”, it is the net unduplicated audiences of a burst or campaign. It can be expressed as a percentage of the target audience or in thousands. •Continuity •A method of scheduling advertising so that audiences have the opportunity to see ads at regular intervals. There is a great variety of patterns that could be used from advertising every day, to one programme each week. •CPM •CPM is an acronym for Cost per Mille, derived from the Latin ‘mille’ meaning thousand, therefore Cost per Thousand. This is the cost of reaching one thousand members in the specified target audience. The formula is similar to that used...
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...Public Relations Defined Jason E. Green MKT 438 January 20, 2013 Robert Etter Public Relations Defined The purpose of this paper is to define public relation and identify some reasons why so many different definitions exist in our modern society. As well as to categorize the different definition and how they interrelate. The initial thoughts that were gathered regarding public relation is that it is a planned process to stimulate the thinking of an audience by offering a solid character that displays sound judgment, which is achieved by a communicating with the audience to persuade there thinking. As further research were conducted the idea that few words can define such a broad concept became infrequent, which demonstrated that further research and in-depth thinking was necessary. Although common thinking would align marketing with public relations the two seem like separate ideas and ideals that once harmoniously aligned can translate in a successful image campaign. According to Fraser P. Seitel one of the most ambitious searches for a universal definition was conducted and commissioned in 1975 by the Foundation of Public Relation Research and Education. The leaders in the field of public relations analyzed 472 different descriptions and explanation and offered an 88-word sentence: “Public relations is a distinctive management function which helps establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation between an organization...
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...experienced in life about popularity is that it can take about 10 seconds to be considered unpopular. Anything a person can say or do can lead their fate down to unpopular or up on the popularity charts. As humans, we are constantly in a state of mind that causes us to point out the differences in someone. This emotion is completely normal, but it becomes a problem when someone begins to classify someone in separate groups. A countless number of people have thought that idea of separation is strongly influenced by the supported segregation that took place from the early 1800s to the late 1900s. This idea is quite vague, but as this social segregation continues, we most definitely see this theme staying extremely consistent. The clinical definition of being popular is to be liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a particular person...
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...Information Literacy There are sources on the internet that contain various definitions about information literacy. According to Wikipedia, information literacy is defined as “the ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are many areas that relate to information literacy including literacy in the media, computer, critical thinking skills, and traditional literacy. In today’s modern world and age, information literacy is becoming an important set of skills required for someone to be able to identify information needed and having the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively utilize the needed information. Moreover, “information literacy has emerged as a distinct skill set and a necessary key to one’s social and economic well-being in an increasingly complex information society” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are sources such as the Big6 that have helped to standardize the process of information literacy. I came across a periodical database about Big6 by the Month, explaining helpful and effective procedures in refining information needed and identifying that information if it is relevant and credible. The Big6 is a form of literacy standard, divided into 6 information problem-solving steps. Those steps are Task Definition, Information Seeking Strategies, Location & Access, Use of Information, Synthesis, and Evaluation. It is...
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...Part 1 Destructive cults defined within literature Much of what American society has come to understand or know about cults has been depicted by the media in controversial headlines and television dramas which primarily have been depicted on a negative note. Therefore, it is important to establish that not all cults are negative or destructive nor are they technically considered cults, but are rather labeled due to their unorthodox views. Over the years the definition of a cult has shifted and is used differently depending on the perspective or the context in which it is used, in North America there are three general perspectives used in relation to knowledge about cults; religious perspective, sociology and academic theology, and the mental health field, (Tapper, 2005). Based on each perspective or specialization is how the different definitions are used; in particular, religious conformists define a cult as any group or religion that deviates from traditional religious scripture, those who study cults find the term judgmental and prosecuting to those whose belief system is different, and lastly is the perspective from former cult members, their families, and the mental health professionals who treat them who do not focus on the belief of a group rather on the specific behaviors that violate human rights and cause harm (Tapper, 2005). For the purpose of this research paper, the focus will be on destructive cults from a mental health perspective. A destructive cult is defined...
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...are always all dolled up with big hair and pounds of makeup on to perfection? Well, these are not the things that I think of when I hear the word Texan. Texans are often depicted, especially by the media, as being racist hicks who don’t understand technology and ride horses to work and school; yet Texans are just like everyone else. To prove it, this paper will consider different definitions of the term Texan and how Texans really are. In the Oxford dictionary it shows that the definition of Texan is a person or animal native to or inhabiting Texas. This definition is completely factual but leaves out a few things about Texans. In the Urban dictionary there are several definitions that people have written about Texans. The one that describes a true Texan is “someone with a sense of pride in their home state. Someone who, although they may not wear boots and ten-gallon hats, still feels like a cowboy. A Texan sticks to his word, and is generally polite and friendly, but wont take shit from anyone. Not all Texans are from Texas, for example John Wayne, and not all those from Texas are Texans. A Texan is also a person who can use the word y’all correctly, know that phrases like “yep” and “I tell you what” are sentences in themselves, and knows what real Mexican food is”. This definition really describes what it means to be a Texan. The term Texan is often associated with words like racist, redneck, and uneducated. Like other states our people are mixed with different personalities...
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...of the study of victimology. Furthermore, this paper will explain and evaluate the development of victimology as a field of study, in a broad sense this paper aims to acknowledge where the field of victimology originated and how it has developed and in addition this paper involves a general overview of the victim’s role in various systems of justice throughout history. Defining the concept “victimology” Defining the concept victimology is tricky because different people define victiomology in different ways, there is no universally accepted definition of victiomology, however for the purpose of this paper one broad definition of victimology will be used but not necessarily meaning that this paper does not acknowledge that other definitions do exist. Victimology refers generally to the scientific study of victims and victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, investigators, courts, corrections, media, and social movements ( Karmen 1990 ). Defining the concept “victim” The origin of victimology The origin of victimology can be traced back to several articles, books, and research projects initiated by criminologists during the 1940s and 1950s. According to Walklate (2007) victimology's roots are often attributed to Mendelsohn, Hans von Hentig, Stephen Schafer, and Marvin Wolfgang, in other words the origin of victimology lies in the hands of Mendelsohn, Hans von Hendig, Stephen Schafer, and Marvin Wolfgang. To add, according to Walklate...
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...maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records". The ISO defines records as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business". The International Council on Archives (ICA) Committee on Electronic Records defines a record as "a recorded information produced or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an institutional or individual activity and that comprises content, context and structure sufficient to provide evidence of the activity." The key word in these definitions is evidence. Put simply, a record can be defined as "evidence of an event". Records Management is the storage preservation and retrieval of information in the shortest possible time.(MUDD) Records management is very important for the use of storing document this topic was thought in Office Administration. The United States Department of Defence standard DoD 5015.02-STD defines Records Management as "The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involving the life cycle of information, including creation, maintenance (use, storage,...
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...Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being[clarify]. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in "good health" or "healthy").[1] The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."[2][3] Although this definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value and because of the problem created by use of the word "complete," it remains the most enduring.[4][5] Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction.[6][7] Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, including the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the components of health. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities, healthy cities or healthy environments...
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...country a nation? What is a nation? In this essay, i will attempt to gain an understanding of what a nation is, and why Canada is in fact a nation, not merely because we meet certain criteria, but because we, as Canadians, believe it is so. To define the term “nation” is quite a challenging task. The Student’s Oxford Canadian Dictionary defines a nation as, “a community of people forming a state or inhabiting a territory”. Compared to other resources, this is fairly a simple one. The same dictionary defines a state as “an organized political community under one government” By these definitions, Canada clearly classifies as a nation. Canada is without a doubt, a nation because the country has satisfied the dictionary’s requirement. Still, not all definitions are so clear. One of the most commonly accepted definitions of a nation is one that is ripe with complex and challenging requirements. These definitions often involve a group of people who share a common culture, ethnic origin and language, and they must either possess or be actively seeking an independent government. Even at a quick glance, we can see that Canada does not meet all of these...
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...URI 25 September 2013 Oedipus Tragic Hero Webster’s dictionary defines a hero as a person, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Although this definition accurately describes Oedipus’ character, tragic hero is more of an apt description. A tragic hero is defined usually by the following: One, A man of noble stature. Two, A selfless man who is not afraid to come under scrutiny. Three, The hero honorably receives the punishment given to him. From the beginning to end of the play Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, Oedipus truly defines himself as a hero, a tragic hero. Oedipus is first introduced as the sole ruler of Thebes. Kings/Dictators are usually looked down upon due to their brash and selfish behavior, but Oedipus is the opposite. A priest say, “Therefore, O mighty power, we turn to you: find us our safety, find us a remedy, whether by counsel of the gods or of men. A king of wisdom tested in the past can act in a time of troubles, and act well. Noblest of men, restore life to your city! “(Sophocles 2) when Oedipus makes a declaration to save the city of Thebes from the ongoing plague. The priest calls him the “Noblest of men” in marvel, at the fact, a man of such high stature and importance takes the time to address the concerns of his people. The words used to describe Oedipus such as liberator, noblest of men, boldness, and mighty power show that the people of Thebes rely on and look to Oedipus for safety...
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...Definitions A definition is a statement that gives the meaning of a concept. For simple and relatively concrete concepts such as ‘Table’ we can understand them without definitions by simply seeing them. But most concepts are abstract and complex and to understand them definitions are important tool of knowledge. A definition does the following functions: a. It clarifies the boundaries of a concept. b. It clarifies the relationships among concepts. c. It clarifies the referents of the concepts. Vagueness and Ambiguity A term is ‘vague’ means it is hazy obscure and imprecise for example the words love, happiness, rich or poor are vague. We can rarely tell whether they apply to a given situation or not. How rich one has to be in order to be called rich? An ‘ambiguous expression’ is one that can be interpreted as having more than one clearly distinct meaning in a given context for example: words such as proper, light, critical, bank can be used ambiguously. If one were to describe an action as proper, does this mean proper in moral sense or proper in the sense of being socially acceptable? The difference between ambiguity and vagueness is that vague terminology allows for a relatively continuous range of interpretations, where as ambiguous terminology allows for multiple discrete interpretations. A vague expression creates a blur of meaning where as ambiguous expression mixes up otherwise clear meanings. Definitions and their purposes Definition is a group...
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...“By definition a miracle can never happen.” Discuss. The known definition of a miracle is “an extraordinary and welcome event that is not explicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency.” However, Peter Vardy in The Puzzle of God gave four different definitions provided by many different scholars, including Aquinas and Hume, with Hume believing they are impossible but cannot be disproved compared to Aquinas believing they are completely possible even within the system of natural activity. What a miracle is can be debated forever due to the many different interpretations of who and why they come about, with psychologists such as Freud arguing they are just an illusion and Wiles arguing that miracles do exist but not as a result of God’s will. The real question is whether the laws of nature can ever be broken and to that affect – do miracles define themselves into non-existence? The definition of a miracle provided by Hume is “a transgression of the laws of nature brought about by the volition of a deity.” He believes that miracles are simply an interposition by some invisible agent, but he however goes on to challenge this definition with his theoretical case miracles which argued that the laws of nature we experience are constant and therefore cannot be changed, In response to this, as the laws of nature cannot be defied, (if they could be broken they would not be laws), by Hume’s definition, miracles can never happen, as laws of nature...
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...My Research Map is divided into the following five segments. ← Phase 1: Literature Review – July to September 2010 The literature review will focus on the Supply Chain business segment in a global sense. My objective is to benchmark industries with respect to the data shared between business partners and business to business transactions. The Food industry is not known as the leader in Customer – Vendor data sharing, so my research will first seek to define the leading industry and then define what characteristics separate the leaders. The secondary research will result in the following outputs. • Journal article summaries, with citations, of relevant information • Book chapters or segments that establish an academic foundations for the B to B interactions including relevant history and future expectations • A repository of my findings to share with my cohort 1. Research the current world class state-of-the-art in customer service. a. Define the world class quality reporting (WCQR) and service currently available i. By Industry segment ii. Include Depth of disclosure, delivery timing, iii. Business to Business commitment to achieve WCQR iv. Define WCQR Customer satisfaction and service levels v. Find, interview and evaluate the best companies, as possible ← Phase 2: Primary Data Collection – September to October 2010 Primary research will include Farmland Foods stakeholders and key Customer’s chosen to...
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...Popular Culture Culture is defined as the behaviors and belief characteristics that define a particular social, economical, or ethnical group. While on the other popular culture is considered a working definition in that even though there is technical definition is constantly being redefined and fine tuned. Popular culture encompasses the most immediate and contemporary elements of a social, economical or ethical group. The most common definition of popular culture is a representation of a common ground of cultural activities or commercial products that cut across economic, social and educational barriers. A major trend that many are seeing more and more is the use of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The sites have allowed people to connect all over the world. Facebook has enabled the people to reconnect with one another after not seeing each other for years or even to find new friends. Twitter has allowed the masses of people to follow their favorite celebrities as they go about their lives. The population not only in America, but around the world is obsessed with celebrities. These social networking sites, especially Twitter, have allowed the people to see their celebrities on a more regular basis rather than just on the news or magazines. The people of the world have also continued their love of reality shows. Whether the shows feature real people or celebrities, the American population is glued to...
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