...of democracy are necessary for an effective media role as watchdog: "the institutional arrangements of democracy provide the most hospitable environment for watchdog reporting. The constitutional and legal protections for a free press as well as access to government-held information give journalists not only the right, but also the tools with which to monitor government." It has taken root in the Balkans, for example, but not in Myanmar. With its turn to market liberalisation, China now has watchdog journalism, fuelled by profitability in the wake of government reductions in subsidies. In addition to political liberalisation, competitive media markets, and degrees of social and political ferment, journalistic and entrepreneurial agency is a factor, fostered by the protection of journalists from physical harm, jail, harassment through lawsuits, and restrictions on access to information. The watchdog and the market: The contradictory nature of the market is described as: "On one hand, market liberalization and competition have encouraged the emergence of, and in many places, also sustained, investigative reporting. But at the same time, market pressures are a major obstacle to its continued viability.” Where donor funding is available, non-profits sometimes take on the watchdog role. "They fill a gap in media systems where market, ownership, or political pressures make investigative reporting by commercial or state-owned media difficult if not impossible. These centers are...
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...management theory, Enterprise strategy Mainly in product and market as the core to arrange (corporate). However, the actual business affected by the market and non market factors in reality, more and more enterprises realize, government regulation and policy, public support, stakeholders, the news media are they get an important source of competitive advantage. Enterprises through the prompted the government to Competitor Or Substitute Manufacturer imposed regulation, or win over rivals more preferential policies, or through some Policy Influence of upstream and downstream enterprises to win for a supply of sth. ability, so as to win the comparative advantage over competitors. Non market factors to the enterprise produces is directly affected, and not just through the role of market factors Indirect effects . Therefore, in the real environment of competition, not strategy and enterprise market based on environmental factors to solve various problems, western scholars gradually the non market strategy into strategic management of enterprises Theory Field of vision, as a part of enterprise strategic system to study and in this field has been made certain achievements. Non market strategy - background From the perspective of strategic management From the perspective of strategic management, production and development strategy research of non market involves the background changes in two aspects, one is the non market factors directly impact on the development of enterprises...
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...1 THE DONALD MCGANNON COMMUNICATION RESEARCH CENTER WORKING PAPER MEDIA ECONOMICS AND THE BAD & MEDIA POLICY: THE GOOD Philip M. Napoli Director Donald McGannon Communication Research Center Associate Professor, Schools of Business Fordham University Donald McGannon Communication Research Center Faculty Memorial Hall, 4th fl. Bronx, NY 10458 718.817.4195 www.fordham.edu/mcgannon mcgctr@fordham.edu Presented at the Latin American Meeting of the Econometric Society, Santiago, Chile, July, 2004 2 Media Economics and Media Policy: The Good and the Bad Abstract This paper explores the role and function of economics in media policymaking and policy analysis. This paper begins with an overview of the distinctive economics of media industries in an effort to demonstrate the importance of focused and specialized economic analysis of these industries. The paper then chronicles the growing role of economics in U.S. media policymaking and examines both the positive and the negative implications of this transition for media policy. 3 Media Economics and Media Policy: The Good and the Bad Economists traditionally have devoted relatively little attention to media industries, though the level of attention has increased in recent years. This increase in attention is likely due in large part to the wide range of economic questions raised by both the changing media technology environment (see Mitra, 2000/2001), the adoption of new regulatory philosophies in many...
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...The Media in Canadian Politics 1956 words Media has always been a center of interest of different political intellectuals in Canada. They always tend to use media as a powerful platform to convey their message to the all the stakeholders of Canadian politics. Common people, on the other hand, also use media to transmit their concerns and feedback to their political representatives. Be it the print media, broadcast media or social media, they have always played a significant role in Canadian politics. We have seen the active role of media in the longest election campaign of Canada in recent federal elections. Media influence Canadian politics by serving as an intermediary between the government and the common people, by acting as a public representative, and by shaping people’s perception of the political environment around them. As a common carrier of information for both government and common people, media plays a significant role in Canadian politics. The important part of this role of media is that most of the media act independently to provide unbiased information for both government and common people. This, however, is not always the case. We will discuss biased part of media later in this essay. As an intermediary between government and common people, media reports the news, helps determine the critical issues to be discussed, and enables the transparency in the political structure. Reporting the news is most basic and essential function of media. Common people and...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Case of Gm (Non-Market Environment) In: Business and Management Case of Gm (Non-Market Environment) Question 1: Identify and explain the 4l’s based on the case. a. Issues The dispute over the safety of the PICKUP TRUCKS, vehicle safety and defective design Firstly, the root cause is that the GM company has a unreasonable design of their gas tank on the collisions GM C/K pickups, the report shows that this pickups’ gas tank was too close with the bumper, it only 25 centimeters long. This is dangerous because that will cause explosions if there is any strike. A safety design should be place the gas tank on the top of axle or add on a shield between the gas tank and bumper. Further, the report also shows that the gas tank design was used for trucks manufactured between 1979 and 1987, and the fact is GM knows about their design problem but take no measure to fix or recall their cars because that will cause more cost. At the Moseley case happens, there are at least 130 other lawsuits involving the design of the gas tank GM need to faced. So the major issue of this case in this point is that whether the gas tank design and placement were defective and because that explosion case after their pickup was struck on the side by another vehicle. And those assumptions were proved by the GM engineer who is testified...
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...Canadian Business Environment Market and Nonmarket Environments Any issues or changes that happen in one of these environments can directly cause change to the other. Since both of these are so closely related and to a great importance for a firm to run successfully, they have put more focus on managing both aspects of the company. The interrelationship between the market and nonmarket environment is heavily based on the role of management. Since a firm will operate in both the market and nonmarket environments, managers are there to measure the impact one has on the other. The issues found in the nonmarket environment are directly related to the market environment of the firm. The nonmarket environment is a little more difficult to control than the market environment, but each firm is aware of the importance of running sufficiently in both aspects in order to be successful. As shown in figure 1-1 (Baron p. 3), the relationship that the nonmarket and market environment has. Market environment determines the significance of nonmarket issues to the firm. Nonmarket environment shapes business opportunities in the market place. Analysis of the Nonmarket Environment When analyzing the nonmarket environment of an organization the main focus is the four I’s that characterize the organization. The four I’s consists of Issues, Interests, Institutions and Information. The issues aspect is the main part of the nonmarket analysis, issues of a firm can be very vast, and they...
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...The Business Environment s BUS100 Abstract This paper covers varies aspects of business and the effect it has on our economy. Inside I will cover the role of business in the economy and I will also educate you on some of the differences and similarities of a for-profit and a non-profit organization. I will also cover the impact of our current fiscal and monetary policies on our economy. The final part of the paper will give you an idea of how I would expose a product to global markets and the impact of social responsibility on a stakeholder group. The Business Environment Introduction In today’s business environment a new era has dawned upon us. A business can be open almost anywhere as long as it follow the rules and regulation. A business environment depends upon the enterprise operating within the framework of the competitive market economy. Therefore globalization and society as a whole has presented opportunities that has arisen in recent years to change the business environment. There was a time when we iron our own cloths, now there are drycleaners on every corner, advertising for our business. People are eating out at fast food restaurants instead of cooking at home. These complex structures are known as a business. These small functioning businesses play a vital role in our economy...
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...styles of three leaders: Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes. It will include an introduction to the concept of influence processes, a summary of the various types of influence processes and the factors that can affect them, and an analysis of the processes used by the three leaders. It will also identify the processes that the leaders and top management team (TMT) are using to impact the organization. Influence Processes Influence processes are the processes a leader will use to influence their employees. There are four types of influence processes which are high-control innovator, status quo guardian, participative innovator, and process manager. There are six factors that could affect these influence processes, which are environment, structure, leadership, technology, strategy, and culture (Nahavandi, 2006). Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes are three leaders with different leadership skills. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for high control is a high-control innovator or HCI. This leader will maintain tight control of the organization while seeking a challenge. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for low control is a participative innovator or PI. This leader will delegate control of the organization while seeking a challenge. A low challenge seeking leader with a desire for high control is a status quo guardian or SQG. This leader will maintain tight control of the organization while averting a challenge. A low challenge seeking...
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... Issue 2, Feb 2014, 23-32 © Impact Journals THE IMPACT OF UNCONVENTIONAL MEDIA ON RURAL MASSES SWATI PRIYA1 & POOJA BHATIA2 1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Humanities, Babu Banarsi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Professor and Head, Department of MBA, Babu Banarsi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT The paper discusses the impact of unconventional media on the buying behavior of rural consumers. It also studies the problems and challenges of rural communication in rural Uttar Pradesh and highlights the relevance of non conventional media in rural markets. Non conventional media are effective tools for raising hype about new products or for re-launching existing products. This is particularly true in the case of FMCG products, where the hype generated can propel sales volumes, provided the advertising campaign is appealing and is backed by a good distribution system. The paper elucidates the fall outs of conventional media by highlighting some national advertisement campaigns carried out by corporate giants to communicate with the target audience in rural markets. The authors take up the empirical views in highlighting the relevance of non conventional media by analyzing the national campaigns from secondary data sources. KEYWORDS: Rural Communication, Non Conventional Media Vehicle and Rural Consumer Buying Behavior INTRODUCTION Rural communication...
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... The company Draft Studios Incorporated is a medium size private organization which specializes in computer animation films and provides media trade show graphics on a small scale. Draft Studios Inc. provides animated realistic renderings by local artists to Hollywood producers and provides quality printed graphics to companies for trade shows and media outposts. Draft Studios Inc. currently employs just over 3,000 employees and has annual earnings of $275 million with share price at $59.00 per share. The company is committed in becoming a top provider of animated material and story boards to the Hollywood market and a market leader in implementing an industry-standard of high quality images to its customers. Draft Studios Inc. is dedicated on doing its part in being a good corporate citizen and has established goals to begin a educational foundation that directly encourage young students interest in becoming graphic designer, artists, and computer animators. The primary stakeholders for Draft Studios Inc. includes stockholders, creditors, customers, suppliers and employees, each share a unique relationship with the company in the form of a two way exchange. The relationship between the company and its stockholders is that the stockholders invest money in to the company and the company pays back on their return on investments. The role of the stockholder is to exercise voting rights based on share ownership and to exercise their rights to inspect the company books and records...
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...obtain and learn different culture even without leaving their home. The internet becomes an important force to push globalization and cultural harmonization; it provides the speed and convenience for people who are willing to learn and experiment foreign cultures which never exist before, and for instance, people can watch major events like Olympic game online and also learn knowledge about the host country. 2. Discuss the types of operational conflicts that could occur in an international context because of differences in attitudes towards time and individualism, give examples relative to specific countries. With the development of globalization, more and more multinational companies established their physical appearance in foreign markets, for that reason, the group work which involves people from different...
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...Sustainability Media Journal 111857253 Xuxu Miao The concept of sustainable development spread first into the mainstream in the 1980s. These years, driven by internal and external factors, many corporations are beginning to integrate sustainability into their business models to gain competitive advantage in today’s market. This essay will introduce what forces the corporation to become sustainable and what corporation can do to achieve sustainability while listing an example of an ideal corporation in this term. Both of the external and internal drivers accelerate transformation towards sustainability for corporation. The worsening environment in China is prominent power for moving to sustainability currently. The push to clean up the country's air, land and water has forced company to transform its developing model. Though China has become the world's second- largest economy, it is still in the lower part of the world's industry chain and has a lot of industries with excessive energy consumption and high pollution. Due to social and economic factors, Hebei provincial government in January this year has banned approvals of new steel, cement, glass and nonferrous metal plants-these industries are both environment killers and economic drivers in Hebin (Jin Haixing 2014). It can be seen that these industries have to change their way of operation, which can add the most value with the least use of resources and pollution. Meanwhile, increasing public awareness of sustainability...
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...Assignment front sheet | Learner name | ------------------------------------------------- Assessor name | Linn Thiri Aung | Mr. George Tun | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | .8.2014 | 22.12.2014 | 22.12.2014 | Qualification | Unit number and title | Edexcel BTEC Level 4 HNC Diploma in Business | Unit 4 Personal and Professional Development L/601/0943 | A | | Assignment title | Personal and Professional Development | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. a Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the student is able to: | Task no. | Evidence | 1.1 | Evaluate approaches to self-managed learning | 3 | 4 | 1.2 | Propose ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts could be encouraged | 3 | 8 | 1.3 | Evaluate the benefits of self-managed learning to the individual and organization | 3 | 9 | 2.1 | Evaluate own current skills and competencies against professional standards and organizational objectives | 1 | | 2.2 | Identify own development needs and the activities required to meet them | 2 | | 2.3 | Identify development opportunities to meet current and future defined needs | 2 | | 2.4 | Devise a personal and professional development plan based on identified needs | 2 | | 3.1 | Discuss the processes and activities required to implement the development plan | 2 | 3...
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...obtain and learn different culture even without leaving their home. The internet becomes an important force to push globalization and cultural harmonization; it provides the speed and convenience for people who are willing to learn and experiment foreign cultures which never exist before, and for instance, people can watch major events like Olympic game online and also learn knowledge about the host country. 2. Discuss the types of operational conflicts that could occur in an international context because of differences in attitudes towards time and individualism, give examples relative to specific countries. With the development of globalization, more and more multinational companies established their physical appearance in foreign markets, for that reason, the group work which involves people from different...
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...Unwinding complex systems, fostering innovation and controlling climate change Stepping towards global prosperity in a greener environment Shitij Nigam mail.snigam@gmail.com Introduction The question of climate change - and whether to tackle it or not - has always probed the minds of policy makers. Indeed, the issue of how it may be technologically tackled is solved to a certain extent. But whether such solutions may be implemented in a sustainable manner, and which hold grounds with the interests of all stakeholders – demands a higher level of scrutiny, especially into the consequences of taking overtly aggressive actions. Indeed, Environmentalists have been continuously plagued by Economists regarding the viability of any steps which might be taken in this arena, especially in policy-making, given the substantial amount of initial investment involved in ‘green’ projects, supplemented by the fact that the rates of returns remain inevitably slow, if not supplemented by uncertainty in most cases. The term “Emerging Markets” has been loosely thrown around the table for the past few years, being crudely defined as ‘nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization’[1]. China and India instantly come to mind as perfect examples of such ‘markets’, given their perception as future cash-cows, owing to the vast scope of industrial expansion, especially within themselves – owing to the aggregated strength of their respective populations...
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