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Medical Case Scenarios

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Case Scenario 1:
James, age 14, is afflicted with a cleft lip and palate and needs a common operation that promises to improve both his appearance and his speech significantly. Due to his appearance, James has had tremendous difficulty finding acceptance among his peers and has few friends. The boy’s father, a believer in mental healing, refuses to permit the operation or even discuss it with the physician. The physician explains the operation to James, who expresses a desire to try harder to close the cleft palate “through natural forces.”
Question 1: What ethical principles related to autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, or nonmaleficence lend support to James’s refusal of surgery? What ethical principles override James’s refusal of surgery? …show more content…
Informed consent is expressed as when a patient or a surrogate understands the medical situation and treatment options completely, and is able to freely and with full capacity make a decision based on the information given. Beneficence, on the other hand, is defined as a health care professional acting with the welfare of their patient in mind. Lastly, nonmaleficence is the health care professional has a duty to not make the patient worse off than when they first asked for medical help (Baillie, McGeehan, Garrett & Garrett, 2013). Now that each ethical principle is clearly defined, it is appropriate to deduce that in James case the ethical principles of autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and nonmaleficence are present. James has every right to be respected by the physician for his decision to refuse treatment. The physician does not have the power over James or his father to coerce James into proceeding with the treatment, even if that is what the physician wants. Therefore, ethically, the physician must respect James’ autonomy in his decision making. “The principle of patient autonomy clearly implies that the patient or the surrogate has the right to refuse treatment” (Baillie, McGeehan, Garrett & Garrett,

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